Welcome to

Week 1

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How do economies grow? GDP = Gross Domestic Product

What can make the growth of an economy faster or

slower? Power of acquisition

What has been the fastest growing economy in the

last two decades?
BRIC
Brazil, Russia, India and China

MINT
Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey

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Discuss with a partner. What differences are there between 2002 and 2015?

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Exercise 2 (page 34) Look at the infographic published in 2015. Can you find
any BRIC or MINT countries? Then decide if the sentences are true or false
according to the information shown.
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Answers
Exercise 3 (page 35) Read the sentences in the Grammar box. Answer the
questions (1–3).

Answers
1. present perfect continuous
2. present perfect continuous
3. present perfect simple

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Exercise 4 (page 35) Read the conversations in an office. Complete the replies
with the present perfect continuous form of the verbs.
Underline the time expressions used with the present perfect continuous.
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Answers
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I’ve been friends with (name of a friend) for 10 years
I’ve been doing exercise for weeks. ☺
Oh, I have = I’ve been doing exercise for three months. ☺
I haven’t been reading a book recently.
I haven’t been seen meeting up with my friends for weeks.
I have had my dog for four years. ☺

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Exercise 6 (page 35) Look at the table from the magazine Economic Trends.
Complete the text with the present perfect simple and continuous form of the
verbs. Then listen and check your answers.

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Answers

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How have your shopping habits changed in the past few…

Weeks?

Months?

Years?

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I haven’t been in a mall in for a really long time
In the past two years, I haven’t been eating/eaten out in/at the restaurants
I have spent less money since the pandemic have started
I have bought more packages of food for my dog in the last six months

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 Questions?

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