CPAR NOTES

•Art - is derived from the Latin word "ars" which means "skill or craft"
- expression of human creative skill and imagination producing works to be appreciated for their beauty
or emotional power (definition from Oxford Languages)
- is a skill at doing a specified thing, typically one acquired through practice (definition from Lexico)
- in its broadest sense, is a form of communication (definition from Lexico)

•Artem - means skill that is usually refers to the quality of what is beautiful or of great significance

Arte (by skill) ← ARTEM → Factum (to make)

•Contemporary Art
- can be defined as art produced by artists living today
- the art of the present

•Modern Art
- referred to as “traditional”, compared to Contemporary Art

Key Terms to Remember:

- Contemporary Art
- Modern Art
- Neo-realism
- Socio realism
- Neoclassic
- Integrative
- Process-based
- Site-specific
- Collaborative
- Interactive
- Installation
- Mixed Media
- Performance Art

Characteristics of Contemporary Art

-Contemporary art is not confined to the museum. They are also found in the galleries, art school, side
streets and public spaces like the train or bus stations, shopping centers, or parks.
-Many contemporary artists are self-taught and did not have formal education.
-Originality is not an issue in contemporary art.
-What is essential to contemporary artists is the process of art-making.
-Contemporary art is a statement that an artist makes about life, thoughts, ideas, beliefs and many other
things that define human life.
-Since the 1950s, artists have experimented on a variety of techniques and different ways of expressing
their emotions, perceptions, convictions, ideas, ideology and other things that could be expressed through
art.

•Today, hundreds of contemporary artists are found in the 17 regions of the Philippines. Their arts can be
grouped according to visual and performance art and crafts.

[In the Philippines]

-Victorio Edades was the first to break the rules of art, he used bold strokes and bright colors.
-The early contemporary art artists like Carlos "Botong" Francisco and Galo Ocampo were
influenced by Western artists. Abstraction, expressionism and surrealism were evident in their paintings.
-In Romeo Tabuena's painting, the heavy black carabao is shown standing on thin legs that disappear
in a flat background.
-Hernando Ocampo used geometric forms in strong red colors overlapping with shades of yellow to
brown.
-Vicente Manansala painted in abstract cubism. Cesar Legaspi used his art as a commentary to the
state of hard labor in the
Philippines.

•Artists who were Identified with contemporary art because their styles and ways of art
making are very different from the traditional ways:
-Jackson Pollock
-Marcel Duchamp
-Vassily Kandinsky
-Andy Warhol
-Henry Moore
-Henry Matisse

•Art Timeline 1950s through 2000s

-There are more than 100 art styles and movements.
-Some of the more famous ones are abstract expressionism, kinetic art, Op art, performance art,
environmental art, feminist art, posf-minimalism, video art, graffiti art, post modern art, body art and
digital art.

•Performance Art - an art from where the artist executes an artwork in front of a live audience.

•Mixed Media - technique that uses different materials in the creation of an artwork.

•Installation - the method in which the artist is not restricted to a two-dimensional plane in the
construction of the artwork.

•Interactive - a characteristic of Contemporary art that recognizes how the audience has the potential to
change or add to the meaning of an artwork.

•Collaborative - a characteristic of Contemporary art wherein the end product is created with the
involvement of two or more artists.

•Site-specific - a characteristic of Contemporary art that allows for an artwork's meaning to have a
direct relationship to a specific location where it is seen or experienced.

•Process-based - emphasizes on how the artist starts not with a final product in mind, but instead
begins with the development of a concept and then subsequently proceeds with realizing the idea.

•Integrative - the artist is free to integrate any medium and any artform or style in order to express their
artistic intention, without being limited to conform to a stylistic trend in order to be called contemporary

•Neoclassic - an artistic style prevalent in Europe from the mid 1700s to the late 1800s; also called
Academic style from the art academies, which taught students techniques after this manner.

•Socio Realism - an art movement that started within the Modern Art period during the 1970s to 1980s.
It aimed to expose the current socio-political issues by depicting the reality of the masses, tackling such
themes as the struggle of the marginalized, inequality and forms of repression.

•Neo-Realism - a group of artists who exemplified a new kind of modernism emerged, and this was
observed by the artist-writer E. Aguilar Cruz who named the movement Neo-Realism.

•Modern Art - a period set chronologically after the Neoclassical period. This was pioneered in the
Philippines by Victorio Edades in 1928, influenced by western modern art.
•Art
-Art is creation
-Creating something new, something original and something different
-Art is life
-It is creating life on a material and making inanimate objects to have life. To creat art is to give life.

•Contemporary
-Current
-Now
-The present

•Pre-Colonial Arts
-In pre-colonial Philippines, arts are for ritual purposes or for everyday use.

•Islamic Art
-It is characterized by geometric designs and patterns eliciting focus from the believers.

•Spanish Era
-Arts became a handmaiden of religion, serving to propagate the Catholic faith and thus support the
colonial order at the same time.

•American Era
-Commercial and advertising arts were integrated into the fine arts curriculum. Moreover, Americans
favored idylic sceneries and secular forms of arts.

•Japanese Era
-Sine the Japanese advocate for the culture of East Asia, peeference was given to the indigenous art and
traditions of the Philippines. This emphasized their propaganda of Asia belonging to Asians.

•Modern Era
-Modern era in Philippine Art began after World War II and the granting of Independence. Writers and
artists posed the question of national identity as the main theme of various art forms.

•Contemporary Art
-Contemporary Art was an offshoot of social realism brought about by martiallaw. Arts became expression
of people's aspiration for a just, free, sovereign society.

Why people engage in art?

-To earn money
-To express their emotions, thoughts, real or imaginary
-To produce things of beauty and masterpieces
-To self-actualize
-To immoratalized themselves
-To inform
-To persuade
-To entertain people

•Functions of Arts:
-Personal or Individual Form
-Social Function
-Economic Function
-Political Function
-Historical Function
-Cultural Function
-Religious Function
-Physical Function
-Aesthetic Function

•Principles of Art
-Harmony
-Balance (Formal and Informal Balance)
-Rhythm
-Proportion
-Emphasis

•Harmony
-Most essential factor in a composition
-Also called "UNITY"
-Achieved when all the elements of a thing are put together to come up with a coherent whole

•Balance
-Known as physical equilibrium
-Stability produced by even distributor of weight on each side of the thing
-Classified as Formal and Informal Balance

•Formal Balance (Symmetrical Balance)

- Exists if the weights at equal distance from the center are equal

•Informal Balance (Asymmetrical or Occult Balance)

-It is present when the left and the right sides of a thing, though not identical in appearance, still display
an even distribution of weight

•Rhythm
-It is the continuous use of a motif or repetitive pattern of a succession of similar or identical items

•Proportion
-Comparative relationship of the different parts in relation to the whole

•Emphasis
-Giving proper importance on one or more parts of the thing or the whole thing itself
-Achieved by means of size or proportion, shape, color, line, position and variety

•Classification of Art Forms

1. Visual Arts - Graphic and Plastic Arts
2. Audio - Audio Visual Arts
3. Literary Arts

•Visual Arts
-Visual arts are those forms preceived by the eyes
-Includes painting, sculpture and architecture
-Also called "spatial arts" because artworks produced under this genre occupy space

•Graphic Arts
-Those visual arts that have length and width; thus they are also called two-dimensional arts
Examples: printing, painting, drawing, sketching, commercial arts, computer graphics, and photography

•Plastic Arts
-Are those visual arts that have length, width, and volume; thus they are also called three-dimensional
arts
Examples: sculpture, architecture, landscape, city planning design, set design, theatre design, industrial
design, craft and allied arts

•Audio-Visual Arts
-Audio-visual arts are those forms perceived by both ears (audio) and eyes (video)
-Also called "Performing Arts"
Example: music, dance, and drama

•Literary Arts
-Are those presented in the written mode and intended to be read
Examples: prose (short stories, novels, essay, and plays), and poetry (narrative poems, lyric poems and
dramatic poems)

Divions of Art Study

-Aesthetic or Art Appreciation
-Art History
-Art Production
-Art Critisism

•Integrative Art - refers to the use of art in other disciplines, as in psychology

Quiz 1
It can be defined as arts produced by artists living today.
Contemporary Art
An art movement aimed to expose the current socio- political issues.
Socio Realism
It is also called academic style from the art academies.
Neo- classic
Modern art was pioneered in the Philippines by __________________ in 1928.
Victorio Edades
It is a technique that uses different materials in the creation of an artwork.
Mixed Media
A characteristic of Contemporary Art wherein the end product is created with the involvement of two or
more artists.
Collaborative
An art form where the artists executes an artwork in front of a live audience.
Performance Art
A characteristics of Contemporary Art that allows for an artwork’s meaning to have a direct relationship to
a specific location where it is seen or experienced.
Site- specific
A characteristic of Contemporary Art that recognizes how the audience has the potential to change or add
to the meaning of an artwork.
Interactive
It is characterized by geometric designs and patterns eliciting focus from the believers.
Islamic Art
In this era, commercial and advertising arts were integrated into the fine arts curriculum.
American
In ___________ era, arts became a handmaiden of religion, serving to propagate the Catholic faith and
thus support the colonial order at the same time.
Spanish
__________ arts are those forms perceived by the eyes.
Visual
_______________ arts are those forms perceived by both ears (audio) and eyes (video).
Audio- visual
___________ arts are those presented in the written mode and intended to be read.
Literary
Those visual arts that have length and width; thus they are also called two- dimensional arts.
Graphic arts
Give the four divisions of " Art Study ".
Aesthetic, Art History, Art Production, Art Criticism
Give the five " Principles of Art".
Harmony, Balance, Rhythm, Proportion, Emphasis

Quiz 2
It presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such
as advertising, comic books and mundane mass- produced objects.
Pop Art
It is best known for its visual artworks and writings and the juxtaposition of distant realities to activate
the unconscious mind through the imagery.
Surrealist Art
It originates from unnatural objects, such as geometric patterns, shapes and formats.
Abstract Art
It describes artwork that is clearly derived from real object sources and so is, by definition,
representational.
Figurative Art
It is defined as any form of art which involves letters, words, or phrases.
Typography Art
It can be a celebration of material pleasures such as food and wine, or often a warning of the ephemerality
of these pleasures and of the brevity of human life.
Still Life Art
It describes movements in various form of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work
is set out to expose the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non- essential
forms, features or concept.
Minimalist Art
It is a phase of Greek art, characterized largely by geometric motifs in vase painting, that flourished
towards the end of the Greek Dark Ages.
Geometric Art
It addresses the issues of power in teaching and learning.
Critical Pedagogy
It is practice or action, with the thoughtfulness of reflection.
Praxis
It is the whole art of teaching- the how and why of teaching and learning with others.
Pedagogy
It is an interdisciplinary field of study that explores ideas that shape cultural practices such as virtual art,
media, advertising and entertainment.
Critical Theory
It addresses social, political, cultural and economic inequities by organizing community- based
movements in order to enact social change.
Social Activism
Give the eight Contemporary Art Styles
Abstract Art, Figurative Art, Geometric Art, Minimalist Art, Still Life Art, Pop Art, Surrealist Art,
Typography Art
Still life includes all kinds of ___________________, ___________________,
___________________, __________________.
Fruit, Vegetables, Fish, Wine, Man-made or natural objects, cut flowers, game
Long Test

It includes stilt houses, land houses and aerial houses.

Folk Architecture
It includes dances, plays and dramas.
Folk Performing Arts
It is an Ilocano cotton cloth weaved.
Pinilian
The oldest known warp ikat textile in Southeast Asia is the ______________ cloth.
Banton
The ________ fabric is considered the finest indigenous Filipino- origin textile.
pina
It is a carved wooden figure used to guard the rice crop of the Ifugaos
Bulul
The _________ is a type of single- edged sword, traditionally used by various ethnic groups in the
Philippine archipelago.
Kampilan
Ivory carving is an art practiced in the Philippines for more than a ___________ years.
thousand
It is a notable poetry duel in the Philippines.
Balagtasan
The Philippines has numerous indigenous scripts collectively called as ________.
suyat
Folk drawings have been known for ____________ of years in the archipelagao.
thousands
The oldest folk drawing is the rock drawings and engravings which include the petroglyphs in Angono,
which was created during the _____________ age of the Philippines.
Neolithic
Tattooing was introduced by _______________ ancestors thousand of years ago, where it developed
into cultural symbols in a variety of ethnic groups.
Austronesian
She is often described as the last and oldest "mambabatok".
Whang-od Oggay
Today masks are worn mostly during festivals like the ______________ and MassKara Festival.
Moriones Festival
The most known goldsmiths in our country came from ___________________.
Butuan
It is the national martial arts of our country.
Arnis
It is an unarmed martial techniques of the Bisaya.
Pangamot
_________________ is a Philippine war dance performed by both the Maguindanao and Maranao.
Sagayan
It is a popular Filipino dish made of chicken or pork braised in garlic, vinegar, oil and soy sauce.
Adobo
It is a notable bamboo art, which bamboos are intentionally bristled to create elaborate and large arches.
bulakaykay

Quiz 3
Ballet has become a popular dance form in the Philippines since the early _____ century.
20th
It is a traditional genre of Filipino love music.
Kundiman
It is a genre of Sebwano rock music.
Bisrock
Pinoy hiphop is a genre of hip hop adopted from _______________ hip hop music.
American
Theater in the Philippines is _________________ in character.
Austronesian
Petroglyphs and _________________ are the earliest known folk drawings and paintings in the
country.
petrographs
______________ started in the Philippines in the 1840's.
Photography
It was the first ever Filipino film.
Dalagang Bukid
The origin of the cinematic arts in the Philippines officially began in _________, upon the introduction
of moving pictures in Manila.
1897
It is currently the official cultural arm of the Philippine government.
NCCA
The art of design is present in __________ forms of art.
all
A GAMABA awardee better known for tending a plot of land filled with enlarged upo or gourd.
Teofilo Garcia
Give the names of the thirteen GAMABA awardees.
Lang Dulay
Salinta Monon
Darhata Sawabi
Haja Amina Appi
Magdalena Gamayo
Masino Intaray
Samaon Sulaiman
Alonzo Saclag
Federico Caballero
Uwang Uhadas
Teofilo Garcia
Ginaw Bilog
Masino Intaray

National Artists of the Philippines

National Artists Award (NAA)

• Bestows the highest form of recognition to Filipino artists for their significant
contributions in the arts and letters. Happens every 3 years.
• The award is conferred every three years through a rigorous deliberation and selection
process.
• NAA was established in 1972 under Presidential decree No.1001 issued by then
President Ferdinand Marcos.
The first recipient of the National Artists Award was Fernando Amorsolo, who was
conferred the award posthumously.

NAA Awardees’ Seven Disciplinal Areas

• Architecture, design and allied arts
• Film and broadcast arts
• Visual arts
• Literature
• Dance
• Music
• Theater

In the history of the NAA, other categories have been considered by virtue of the
president’s prerogative, among them, historical literature and fashion design.

A good number of works by National Artists can be found in university campuses. One
such example is the University of the Philipines (UP) campus in Diliman, Quezon City.
The iconic school symbol is based on the Oblation, 1935, a sculptural work by the
classically trained sculptor Guillermo Tolentino (awarded 1973) depicting a male nude
with arms outstretched as a gesture of sacrifice and freedom.

Fernando Amorsolo’s romantic paintings of bucolic landscapes and idealized portraits

and prominent individuals from the Commonwealth period and the Second World War
can be viewed at the Jorge B Vargas Museum in UP.

List of National Artists of the Philippines

Quiz 1
It bestows the highest form of recognition to Filipino artists for their significant
contributions in the arts and letters.
National Artists Award
NAA was established in _____ under Presidential decree No.1001 issued by then
President Ferdinand Marcos.
1972
He was the first recipient of the National Artists Award.
Fernando Amorsolo
A good number of works by National Artists can be found in ________________.
university campuses
National Artists Award is conferred every _____ years through a rigorous deliberation
and selection process.
three
Give the NAA Awardees' seven disciplinal areas.
Architecture, design and allied arts
Film and broadcast arts
Visual arts
Literature
Dance
Music
Theater
Give the complete name of the first thirteen recipient of the National Artists Award.
Fernando Amorsolo
Francisca Aquino
Carlos Francisco
Amado Hernandez
Antonio Molina
Juan Nakpil
Guillermo Tolentino
Jose Garcia Villa
Napoleon Abueva
Lamberto Avellana
Leonor Goquingco
Nick Joaquin
Jovita Fuentes
Mediums and Techniques

Medium - defined as the material, or the substance out of which a work is made.
Through these materials, the artists express and communicate feelings and ideas.

Sculptor – uses metal, wood, stone, clay, and glass

Architect – uses pigments (watercolor, oil, tempera, textile paint, acrylic, ink, etc.) on a
usually flat ground (wood, canvas, paper, stone wall)

Printmaker – uses ink printed or transferred on a surface that is in keeping with

duplicating or reproducing process

Musician – uses sounds and instruments (including the human voice)

Dancer – uses the body and its movement

Theater Artists – integrates all the arts and uses the stage, production design,
performance elements and script to enable the visual, musical, dance and other aspect
to come together as a whole work

Photographer – use the camera to record the outside world

Quiz 2
An element of art associated with our experiences of cold and warmth, and
the quality of light in our tropical environment.
color
It refers to gradiations of tone from light to dark.
value
It refers to forms that are two- dimensional or three- dimensional.
shape
It refers to how objects and surfaces feel and is most associated with the
sense of touch or tactility.
texture
It is associated with the body's axis as it moves toward different directions
and adjust to a point of reference through various positions and actions.
line
Red, blue and _________________ are primary colors.
yellow
It is defined as the material, or the substance out of which a work is made.
medium
It integrates all the arts and uses the stage, production design, performance
elements and script.
theater artists
The element of ________, like mediums and techniques are aspects of
forms.
art
Three dimensional shapes possess length, width and _____________.
volume
Give the seven elements of art.
Line
Form
Color
Shape
Texture
Space
Value
Give five mediums used by a sculptor.
Metal
Wood
Stone
Clay
Glass
Give mediums used by an architect.
Watercolor
Oil
Pigments
Tempera
Textile paint
Acrylic
Ink
Paper
Wood
Canvas
Stone wall
Flat ground
Pencil