Force and Motion II

 
This chapter is about resultant force, resolution of forces, forces in equilibrium and elasticity.

1.1 Resultant force

 
  Resultant force  
  A single force that represents the effect of combination of two or more forces by magnitude and direction.  
     
 
 Addition of forces (resultant force)

Parallel forces

Non-parallel forces
Triangle method (start at different points)

 Parallelogram method ( start at the same points)

Perpendicular forces (Phytagorean Theorem)

a) Stationary @ constant velocity

R = mg cos α
F g = mg sin α

b) Acceleration

mg sin α − F g = ma
 

1.2 Resolution of forces

 
1. Resolution of forces

2. Inclined plane

 
 

1.3 Forces in equilibrium

 
  Forces in equilibrium  
  An object is said to be in equilibrium of forces when the forces acting on it produce a zero resultant force.  
     
 
   Cosine rule  
a2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A

 
b2 = a2 + c2 − 2ab cos B  

c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C

     
 
  Sine rule  
a b c
  = =  
sin A sin B sin C
​ ​ ​

     
 
 

1.3 Elasticity

 
  Elasticity  
  The ability of an object to return to its original shape after the force applied on it has been removed  
     
 
  Hooke's law  
Extension of spring is directly proportional to the force applied to the spring provided that the elastic limit of the spring has not been
   
exceeded.
     
 

Gradient of graph = spring constant

  Elastic limit  
The maximum force that can be applied on the spring before spring stops being elastic.
   
 F = kx, where F = force, k = spring constant, x = extension of spring

     
 
Factors affecting the elasticity of the spring

1.  Type of material
steel > copper
2. Length of the spring

3. Diameter of the spring

4. Thickness of the spring

5. Spring arrangement (parallel > series)
 W
Force on each spring = 
2 x
​

Extension of each spring = 

2
​

 
 Force on each spring = W
Extension of each spring = x

 
 

Chapter : Force and Motion II

Topic : Net Force
Form 5
Physics

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