ae-bmf kmlnXy ]T-\w-þ2

(MAL2A08(2))

STUDY MATERIAL

II SEMESTER (2019 Admn.)

COMMON COURSE FOR B.Com. / BBA

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
Calicut University Post, Malappuram – 673 635.

19156
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

STUDY MATERIAL
SECOND SEMESTER

B.Com/BBA
(2019 ADMISSION ONWARDS)

COMMON COURSE : MAL2A08(2)

ae-bmf km-lnXy ]T-\w-þ2

]T-\-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡n-bXv

tUm. cm-Pp-¡p-«³ ]n.-Pn.

Akn. -s{]m-^-kÀ
hnZq-c-hn-Zym-`ym-k -hn-`mKw
Imen-¡äv kÀÆ-I-em-ime.

Xv
,
,
,. en-¡äv
 DÅ-S¡w

t]Pv
\¼À
samUyqÄ 1 : Ihn-X-IÄ
Fsâ `mj : hÅ-t¯mÄ 1
agp-hnsâ IY : _mem-a-Wn-b½ 5
k^-e-ao-bm{X : F³.-F³.-I-¡mSv 10
samUyqÄ 2 : IY-IÄ
_w¥mhv : Sn.-hn.-sIm-¨p-_mh 15
Zpjy-´³ amjv : hn.-sI.-F³ 9
XmbvIpew : kmdm-tPm-k^v 23
tamZ-Øn-X-\m-b§v hkn-¸p-a-e-t]mse : Fkv.-l-cojv 28
samUyqÄ 3 : \mSIw
kmtIXw : kn.-F³.-{io-I-WvT³\m-bÀ 32
samUyqÄ 4 : Bß-I-Y, kvacW
Hcp knµq-c-s¸m-«nsâ HmÀ½bv¡v : H.-hn.-hn-P-b³ 46
jmtcm-Wnse tdmkm-¸q-¡Ä : ssh¡w N{µ-ti-J-c³\m-bÀ 51
]mh-¡p«n : am[-hn-¡p«n 57
 samUyqÄ 1
Fsâ `mj

hÅ-t¯mÄ \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m³

1878-þ Xncq-cn P\n-¨p. B[p-\nI ae-bmf Ihn-{X-b-¯nsemcm-fmbn

Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. hmevaoIn cmam-b-Whpw At\Iw ]pcm-W-§fpw EtKzZhpw

ae-bm-f-¯n-te¡p hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXp. tZio-b-t_m[w cN-\-I-fn {]Xn-^-en-

¸n¨ Ihn-bm-bn-cp¶p hÅ-t¯mÄ. At±lw 1930-þÂ Ip¶w-Ip-f¯v Øm]n¨

IY-Ifn hnZym-e-b-amWv ]n¶oSv tIcf Iem-a-Þ-e-ambn hnI-kn-¨-Xv. _Ô-

\Ø-\mb A\n-cp-²³, injy\pw aI-\pw, _[n-c-hn-em-]w, KW-]-Xn, Nn{X-tbm-

Kw, kmln-Xy-a-RvP-cn, aKvZ-e-\-a-dn-bw, sIm¨p-ko-X, AÑ\pw aIfpw F¶n-h-

bmWv {][m\ IrXn-IÄ. ]ß-`q-j¬ DÄs¸sS \nc-h[n _lp-a-Xn-IÄ e`n-¨p.

1958 amÀ¨v 15-þ\v A´-cn-¨p.

A½-tbm-sS-¶-t]mse amXr-`m-j-tbmSpw a\p-jy\v \ndª IS-¸m-Sp-­v.

A½n-ª-¸m-ep- \p-IÀ¶t]mse kz´w `mjbpw \mw cpNn-¡p-¶p. aäp `mj-

IÄ A`y-kn-¨mepw \ap¡v amXr-`m-j-X-s¶-bmWv s]ä-½. A\y-`m-j-IÄ

hfÀ¯½ am{X-am-Wv. \½psS `mj-bpsS Xd-hm-«nse kz¯pw hnÚm-\-k-

¼¯pw hÀ²n-¸n¨v IrXmÀ°-cm-hm\pw amXr-`m-j-bpsS Im¡ Ip¼n-Sp-

hm\pamWv Fsâ `mjbn \nÀt±-in-¡p-¶Xv.

]Sn-ªm-dpÅ alm-k-ap-{Z-¯nsâ Kmw`o-cy-amÀ¶ ssienbpw kly-

]ÀÆ-X-¯nsâ ASn-bp-d¸pw tKmIÀ® t£{X-¯nsâ \nÀhr-Xnbpw I\ym-Ip-am-

cn-bpsS {]k-cn¸pw tIc-f-¯nsâ KwK-bmb t]cm-dnsâ hnip-²nbpw Cf-\o-

cnsâ a[p-chpw Gew Nµ\w XpS-§nb {Zhy-§-fpsS kpK-Ôhpw kwkvIr-X-

1
¯nsâ HmP-Êpw Xan-gnsâ kuµ-cyhpw H¯p-tNÀ¶ `mj-bmWv ae-bm-fw.

AXp-sIm­v \½psS `mj-bn \ap¡v A`n-am-\n-¡mw.

Kmw`o-cy-amÀ¶ ssien, ZrV-amb hymI-c-W-hy-h-Ø, `mh-`w-Kn, hnip-

²n, am[p-cyw, kuc-`yw, HmPÊv F¶o KpW-§-sfÃmw XnI-ª-XmWv ae-bm-

fw. \ap¡v A`n-am-\n-¡m³ asä-´mWp th­Xv! ae-bm-f-\m-Snsâ AXnÀ¯n-I-

fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw {]Ir-Xn-`w-Knbpw k¼¯pw k¼À¡-`m-j-I-fpsS

kzm[o-\-hp-saÃmw kÂKp-W-§-fmbn `mj-bn H¯p-tNÀ¶n-«p­v F¶-XnÂ

\ap-¡-`n-am-\n-¡mw.

kwkm-cn-¨p-Xp-S-§p¶ Cfw-Np-­p-I-fn A½n-ª-¸m-tem-sSm¸w "A½'

F¶ c­-£-c-amWv BZy-ambn kt½-fn-¡p-¶-Xv. F{X-a-l-¯mWv "A½' F¶

]Zw. B Øm\wXs¶-bmWv amXr-`m-j-bv¡p-ap-Å-Xv. aäpÅ `mj-IÄ tIhew

hfÀ¯-½-am-cm-Wv. s]ä½ amXr-`m-j-X-s¶-bm-Wv. A½-bpsS hmÕ-ey-t¯m-sS-

bpÅ ]m IpSn-¨mte ss]X-§Ä ]qÀ® hfÀ¨ t\Sp-I-bp-Åq. AarXv A½-

Xs¶ ]IÀ¶p-X-¶mte Aar-Xmbn tXm¶p-I-bp-Åq. GXv A\p-`-hhpw lrZy-

ambn DÄs¡m-Åm³ amXr-`m-j-bn¯s¶ tIÄ¡-Ww. Icp-t¯msS hf-cm³

amXr-`mj \pI˦mse Ign-bq.

thZ-im-kv{X-§-fm-bmepw Imhy-am-bmepw lrZ-b-¯n ]Xn-b-W-sa-¦nÂ

amXr-`m-j-bn¯s¶ ]Tn¡-Ww. amXr-`m-j-bpsS Hmtcm hm¡pw a\-Ên-\p-

Ån tX\mbn amdp-¶p. aäp `mjm-]-Z-§Ä a\-Êm-Ip¶ ]qhnsâ CX-fp-I-fnÂ

an¶n-\n¡p¶ aªp-I-W§Ä am{X-am-Wv. a\Êv ]qt]mse hncn-bp-t¼mÄ

tX\mbn \nd-bp-¶Xv amXr-`m-jbpw AXnsâ kwkvIm-c-hp-am-Wv. aäp `mjm-]-Z-

§Ä B ]qhnsâ ]pd-¯p-]-Xnª kuIp-amcyw am{X-am-Wv.

ae-bm-f-¯n\v `mj-sb¶ \ne-bn A{X-bvs¡m¶pw tijn-bnà F¶p

Icp-Xp-¶-hÀ CXn-lm-k-§fpw D]-\n-j-¯p-¡fpw ae-bm-f-`mj AÀ°-

2
apÄs¡m­v Bhn-jv¡-cn¨v kaÀ¸n-¨Xv HmÀt¡-­-Xm-Wv. am{X-aà cmam-b-

Whpw alm-`m-c-Xhpw D]-\n-j-¯p-saÃmw kz´w \m«p-Imsc ]mSn-tIĸn¨

ae-bmf `mjbv¡v kmaÀ°y-an-söv Bsc-¦nepw ]d-bp-tam.

al-Zv{K-Ù-§ÄsIm­v kz´w `mjbv¡v \nd-hp-\-evIm-¯-]£w

AÚ-X-bpsS CcpÄ¡p-­nÂ\n¶v Ib-dm³ \ap¡v asä´v B{i-b-am-Wp-Å-

Xv. Hcp `mj hnI-kn-¡-W-sa-¦n temI-¯pÅ {]i-kvX-amb cN-\-Ifpw hnNn-

´-\-§fpw ]IÀ¶p-In-«n-bn-cn-¡-Ww. C§s\ `mj hnI-kn-¨mte P\-§Ä¡pw

A`n-hr-²n-bp-Åq. Icp¯pw {]Nm-chpw hnim-e-X-bp-an-Ãm¯ `mj kwkm-cn-¡p-

¶-hÀ B `mjt]mse Ai-àcpw A{]-k-à-cp-am-bn-cn-¡pw. `mj-bpsS

Icp¯pw {]Nm-chpw {]i-kvXn-bp-saÃmw AXv kwkm-cn-¡p¶ P\-§Ä¡p

IqSn e`n-¡p-¶p.

tZh-`m-j-sb¶v Icp-X-s¸-Sp-¶ kwkvIr-X-`mj ae-bm-f-¯nsâ Dä-tXm-gn-

bm-Wv. aäp tZi-§-fn t]mbn hnZym-`ymkw t\Snb \Ã-h-cmb F{Xtbm t]À

ssIc-fn-¡p-­v. AXn-\mÂXs¶ \½psS `mj Zcn-{Z-bm-sW¶v ]d-bm³

F§s\ Ign-bpw. kwkvIr-X-`m-j-bpsS kulr-Zhpw hntZ-i-`m-j-I-fpsS

k¼À¡hpw \½psS `mjsb hfÀ¯m³ ]cym-]vX-amWv F¶n-cnt¡ ae-bmfw

Zcn-{Z-`m-j-bm-sW¶v Hcn-¡epw ]d-bm³ Ign-bn-Ã.

A\y-`m-j-bm-Ip¶ kap-{Z-¯n B­p-ap§n [\y-X-t\-Snb ae-bm-fn-

IÄ AXp-sIm-­p-am{Xw D¶-X-cmbn Xocp-¶n-Ã. AhÀ IjvS-s¸-«p-t\-Snb cXv\-

Xp-Ãy-amb Adn-hp-IÄ A½ ae-bm-f-¯n\v kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww. kXv{K-Ù-]m-cm-b-W-

¯n-\pÅ kz´w a¡-fpsS hni¸v ian-¸n-¡m³ \nhr-¯n-bn-ÃmsX ZpxJn-¡p¶

Zcn-{Z-bmWv \½psS `mj. AXp-sIm­v A\y-`m-j-bnÂ\n¶v t\Snb

hnÚm\w amXr-`m-jbv¡v ]IÀ¶p \ÂIp-Ibpw AXv kzk-tlm-Z-c-§Ä¡v

3
D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-¡p-Ibpw sNt¿-­-Xp­v. At¸mÄ am{Xta `mj a¡-fpsS

Úm\-Zm-l-a-I-äm³ Ign-bp¶ [\y-am-Xm-hm-Ip-I-bp-Åq.

amXr-`m-j-tbm-SpÅ ]p{X-[À½w ad-¡p-¶Xv eÖm-I-chpw ZpxJ-I-c-hp-am-

Wv. A½-bpsS ]mZ-Zmkyw \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶-ht\ D¶Xn ssIh-cq. kz´w `mj-

bpsS Im¡ Ip\n-bp-¶-ht\ Xe-s]m¡n Fhn-sSbpw \n¡m-\m-hq.

kz´w `mj-bpsS Xd-hm-«n k¼¯v hfÀ¯m-\mWv ae-bm-fn-IÄ _p²n-

]qÀÆw {ian-t¡-­-Xv. A§s\ `mj-bpsS Xd-hm-«p-kz¯v hÀ²n-¸n-¡m³ ITn-

\m-²zm\w sN¿p¶hcm-IWw ae-bm-fn-IÄ.

DZm-c-Xbv¡v {]i-kvX-cmb tIc-fo-bÀ ]mÞnXy `n£-bv¡mbn ho«p-ap-

äs¯¯p¶-hÀ¡v `mÞw \nd¨p\ÂIn bm{X-bm-¡m³ klm-bn-¡p-¶p. `mj-

bpsS k¼¯v hÀ²n-¨p-sIm-t­-bn-cn-¡Ww. Adn-hnsâ `n£ tNmZn-¨p-h-cp-¶-

hÀ k¼-¶-cmbn Xncn-¨p-t]mIpw a«n ChnsS Úm\-k-¼¯v kar-²-am-¡-W-

sa¶v Ihn k¦-ev]n-¡p-¶p.

tNmZy-§Ä

1. tIc-f-¯n\v CcpÄ¡p-­nÂ\n¶v Ib-dm-\pÅ ]nSn-¡-bÀ F´m-sW-

¶mWv Ihn k¦-ev]n-¡p-¶-Xv.

2. aäpÅ `mj-IÄ tIhew [m{Xn-amÀ aÀ¯y\p s]ä½ X³ `mj-Xm³ þ

hni-Zo-I-cn-¡pI

3. kz`m-j-bpsS al-Xzhpw Nmcp-Xbpw DZvt_m-[n-¸n¨v `mjsb hfÀ¯p-

hm³ Blzm\w sN¿p¶ Ihn-X-bmWv "Fsâ `mj' hni-Zo-I-cn-¡pI?

4
 agp-hnsâ IY

_mem-a-Wn-b½

1909 Pqsse 19-þ\v ]p¶-bqÀ¡p-f¯v P\n-¨p. amXr-Xz-¯nsâ Ihn-sb-

¶mWv Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp-¶-Xv. Iq¸p-ssI, A½, IpSpw-_n-\n, kv{Xolr-Z-bw, {]`m-

¦p-cw, `mh-\-bnÂ, Duªm-enÂ, {]Wm-aw, temIm-´-c-§-fnÂ, ap¯-Èn, \K-c-

¯nÂ, tkm]m-\w, \nthZyw F¶n-h-bmWv {][m\ IrXn-IÄ. 1966-þÂ ap¯-

Èn¡v tI{µ-km-lnXy A¡m-Zan AhmÀUv e`n-¨p. 1978-þÂ ]ß-`q-j³ _lp-a-

Xnbpw 1995-þ Fgp-¯Ñ³ ]pckv¡m-c-hpw kc-kz-Xn-k-½m-\hpw t\Sn. efn-

Xhpw {]k-¶-hp-amb ssien-bn a\p-jy-a-\-Ênsâ AKm-[-X-bpw Xo£vW-

Xbpw Bhm-ln¨ Ih-bn{Xn ]pcm-W-IYIsfbpw IYm-]m-{X-§-sfbpw Xsâ

Fgp-¯n hnf-¡n-t¨À¯p. {]ikvX kmln-Xy-Imcnbmbn-cp¶ am[-hn-¡p«n

aI-fm-Wv. 2004 sk]vXw-_À 29-þ\v _mem-a-Wn-b½ A´-cn-¨p.

agp-hnsâ IYbn hnIm-c-`-cn-Xs\¦nepw \oXn-t_m-[ap-WÀ¶n-«p-ffXp-

sIm­p Xsâ GXp-sX-än\pw [mÀ½n-I-am-sbm-gn-hp-I-gnhp Is­-¯m³

sh¼p¶ km[m-cW a\p-jy-\mWv ]c-ip-cm-a³. amXr-l-Xybv¡p tijw

Ft¸mgpw Xsâ tXmÄ sRcn-¨p-sIm­v InS¶ B agp ]m]-¯n \n¶v ]m]-

¯n-te¡v \bn-¨p-sIm­v At±ls¯ Hcp lnwtkm-]-I-c-W-am¡n amän. HSp-

hn hen-s¨-dn-b-s¸-«n«pw, Xsâ krjvSn-I-fnepw Xm\mÀÖn-¨-h-bnepw

XymKs¯ ]pI-gv¯p¶ ]n³X-e-ap-d-I-fnÂt¸mepw, B agp kq£va-`m-h-¯nÂ

\ne-\n¡p-¶-Xmbn ]c-ip-cm-a³ ImWp-¶p. hnIm-c-\n-b-{´n-X-amb Pohn-X-

¯nsâ A´y-L-«-§-fn Bß-\n-µbpw ]Ým-¯m-]hpw am{Xta B Nnc-

RvPo-hn¡v Iq«n-\p-Åq.

5
 Imäpw shfn-¨hpw H¨bpw kz´w Imev¡o-gn-eqsS ]mªp-t]m-Ip¶

A{X Db-c-¯n atl-{µm-N-e-¯nsâ inJ-c-¯n Ccp-¶p-sIm­v ]c-ip-cm-a³

sN¿p¶ Bß-XymK-¯nsâ cq]-¯n-emWv agp-hnsâ IY Npcp-f-gn-bp-¶-Xv.

£{Xn-b-tâbpw {_mÒ-W-tâbpw s]mcp-¯-s¸-Sm-\m-hm¯ LS-I-§Ä Iq«n-

t¨À¯v D­m-¡nb ]pXnb Iq«p-temlw sIm­mWv ]c-ip-cm-as\ Ihn-X-bnÂ

\nÀ½n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Pohn-X-¯nsâ ]cm-{I-a-k-Ôn-I-fn [À½w F¶p-I-cp-Xn-

sN-bvXp-Iq-«nb H¶pw kq£va ]cn-tim-[-\-bn [À½-am-bn-cp-¶n-söv ]c-ip-cm-

a³ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶p. lnwk-sb-¡p-dn¨v ]mc-¼-cy-¯nÂ\n¶p e`n-¡p¶ ]mT-

§sf Cg-Iodn ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-t¼m-sgÃmw DbÀ¶p-h-cp¶ {]iv\-§sf

Ihna\Êv BÀ{Z-am-bn AWn-\n-c-¯p-¶p.

"Xn³a-sb-¯-IÀ¡p-hm-\-sÃ-¦nÂ, Icm-fan

sh¬ agp-sh-\n-t¡-In-sb-´n\p kZm-in-h³?'

F¶p tNmZn-¡p-¶p-s­-¦nepw Ipe-¯nsâ hnip²n kq£n-¡m³ kz´w

A½sb sh«n-s¡m-tÃ-­n-h¶ aI³ B A½-bn Btcm-]n-¡-s¸« Ipäw

F{X efn-X-am-bn-cp-s¶¶v AXv sN¿p-t¼mÄ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶n-Ã. {_mÒ-Wy-

¯nsâ tXP-kn \n¡p¶ Xsâ ]nXm-hmb Pa-Zán Bt{Im-in-¡p-¶-

sXÃmw kXy-am-sW¶v ]c-ip-cma³ hniz-kn-¡p-¶p.

a[p-am-k-¯nÂ, Ipbn IqIp¶ Im´m-c-¯nÂ

aeÀ ]qs¯-gp-am-äp-h-¡-¯p-\n-s¶-¶-½,

Ipfns¡ t\m¡n-¡-­mÄ t{]a-tem-e-cm-bv\o-´nþ

¡pfn¡pw KÔÀÆÀ X³ Pohn-tXm-Õ-h-¯n-s\,

s\Sp-hoÀ¸n-«m-sf¶pw ssIh-cm-¯-h-bv¡m-bnþ

¸nSbpw Ic-fp-ambv ]ns¶-bm-{iaw ]q¡mÄ.

6
 KÔÀÆ-cpsS Pohn-tXm-Õ-h-¯ns\ t\m¡n-¡­v tImÄa-bnÀsIm­

ico-c-hp-ambn `ÀXr-]-£-¯n-te¡p sN¶-Wªp F¶ Htc Hcp sXtä

tcWpI sNbvXn-«p-Åq. aq¶p a¡-fpsS A½-bmb B \nÀ`m-Ky-bmb kv{Xo

Cfb ]p{X-\mb cmasâ ]c-ip-hn-\n-c-bmbn a®n hoWp-cp-fp-¶p. a\-ÊmÂ

sN¿-s¸« ]m]-ta-Kp-cp-Xcw F¶ Imc-W-¯m A½-bpsS t`mKm-`n-em-j-¯n\v

aIsâ I¿m-epÅ ac-W-amWv B ]nXmhv hn[n-¨-Xv. amXr-lXy F¶ ]m]w

XoÀ¡m³ XoÀ°-bm{X sNbvX ]c-ip-cm-a³ lnwk-bnepw t`mK-§-fnepw aZn-

¡p¶ £{Xnb Ipe-§Ä I­p. amXm-hns\ h[n¨ \ymb-t_m[w F´p-

sIm­v ChÀ¡p-t\sc {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶nà F¶ tNmZyw a\Êv ]c-ip-cm-a-t\mSv

tNmZn-¨p-sIm-­n-cp-¶p. £{Xn-bsc aptÆgv h«w apSn-¡p-¶-Xn\v Cu ]m]-t_m-

[hpw AXn-\p-th­n X¿m-dmb a\-Ênsâ tNmZy-§fpw {][m-\-am-bn-cp-¶p.

Aѳ ]Tn-¸n¨ lnwkm-]mTw aI³ icn¡p ]Tn-¨n-cp¶p F¶Xv AÑsâ

hfÀ¯p ]¿ns\ A]-l-cn¨p F¶v hniz-kn¨v £{Xn-bsc hI-h-cp-¯n-b-t¸m-

gm-Wv hyà-am-bXv. ImÀ¯-ho-cy-h-[-¯n-\p-tijw hcp¶ cmas\ t\m¡n XpÑ-

amb ]I-t]m-¡m³ tbmKn-IÄ Ime-§-fmbn Iq«n-sh¨ am\-k-iàn ]mgm-¡n-

btÃm F¶v Pa-Z-án¡v ]d-tb-­n-h-¶p. AÑ-\n \n¶v tI« sshcp-²y-apÅ

Imcy-ambn ]c-ip-cm-a\v AXv tXm¶n. F¶m B sshcp²yw DS-\Sn hngp-

§m³ BÀ¡pw Ffp-¸-a-Ã. Hcp]mSv ]m]-§Ä sNbvX-Xn-\p-ti-j-amWv sshcp-

²y-]qÀ®-amb AÑsâ adp-]Sn tI«-Xv. AXn-\p-tijw lnwkm-hm-k-\sb sacp-

¡m³ Ign-bmsX Gsd-¡mew Ae-ªp-Xn-cn-ª-Xn-\p-ti-j-amWv kXyw shfn-

s¸«p In«n-b-Xv.

""tXmfn \ns¶-Sp-¯p-S-\-I-te-bv¡-I-tebv¡p

]mfp-am-Zn-hym-bp-[-sa-dn-ªp-I-f-ªp.''

\oe-hm-\n-\p-Xmsg ]¨-\m-¡n-e-sh-¨-t]msebpÅ `q`m-K-¯nsâ DZbw

7
A§s\ kw`-hn-¨-Xm-Wv. \nkz-hÀ¤-¯nsâ B{i-a-]-ip-hns\ It¿äw

sN¿m³ aSn-¡m¯ A[o-i-hÀ¤w Xnf-§p¶ DSp-¸-Wnªv Inep-§p¶ ]S-

t¡m-¸p-ambv Iq¯m-Sp¶ Ime-¯v, D³aqe kwlm-c-{Inb A\n-hm-cy-ambncnt¡

agp-sIm­v AXv \nÀÆ-ln-¡msX aäp-amÀ¤-sa-s´-¦n-ep-apt­m F¶ Nn´-

bmWv Cu Ihn-Xbv¡v {]kàn \ÂIp-¶-Xv.

A{I-a-¯nepw t`mK-¯nepw kzmÀ°-X-bnepw apgpIn `qan Ipep¡n

k©-cn-¡p¶ Hcp hÀ¤w A¸p-d¯v Kncn-hm-kn-Ifpw \njvIn-©-\cpw ia-{h-

Xcpw ssZh-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw aqIcpw X]-ip-jv¡-cp-amb asämcp hÀ¤hpw F¶v

hyà-am¡n thÀXn-cn-¡m³ ]mI-¯n-emWv agp-hnsâ IY-bnse i_vZ-hn-\ym-k-

sa¶pw B hgn¡v AXns\ hÀ¤-kw-L-«-\-¯nsâ Xe-¯n-te¡v hymJym-\n¨v

F¯n-¡m-sa¶pw tUm.-Fw.-eo-em-hXn "Ihn-Xm-cXn' F¶ {KÙ-¯n hyà-am-

¡p-¶p-­v.

]c-ip-cm-asâ sXäp-I-fpsS bm{X A½-bpsS sIme-]m-X-I-¯n \n-¶m-

Wm-cw-`n-¨Xv. ]n¶oSv GXp \nb-a-§-fpsS t]cn-em-bmepw cà-s¡m-Xn-tbmsS

B bm{X XpSÀ¶p. ]p\Àhn-Nn-´-\-ap-­m-b-t¸mÄ B agp- I-S-en-te¡v hen-s¨-

dn-ªp. A§s\ D­m-b-XmWv kuµcyw \ndª Cu `qan. lnwk-bpsS

Xntcm-[m\w AtXmsS kw`-hn-¨p. ISÂ ]p©n-cn-¨-Xp-t]mse shfp¯ aWÂ

Xpcp-¯p-IÄ aªpw agbpw shbnepw amdn-h-cp-t¼mÄ ]¨-b-Wn-bp¶ Xmgvhc-

IÄ, s\¡-XnÀ Xn§p¶ ]mS-§Ä, Hcp-]mSp ]mep-X-cp¶ ]ip-¡Ä Ah

tabp¶ ]p¯-In-Sp-IÄ FÃmw-sIm­pw ku`mKyw \nd-ª, ]pXnb kpµc

`qan. kvt\l-¯m ASn-¯dbn« PohnXw AhnsS IpSn-tb-dn-¸mÀ¯ a\p-

jyÀ¡p-­m-bn. AhnsS PohnXw hfÀ¶p hnI-kn-¨p. A§-s\-bn-cnt¡ ]ÀÆ-X-

§-fpsS Db-c-¯n X]-Ê-\p-jvTn¨ ]c-ip-cm-a³ bpK-§-fpsS hchpw t]m¡pw

Pohm-ßm-¡-fpsS hfÀ¨bpw ZÀin-¨-t¸mÄ Xsâ kpµ-c-`q-an-bn I­-sX-´m-

8
bn-cp¶p? agp-hnsâ IY-bpsS BhÀ¯-\w. ImSnsâ kzÑ-io-X-f-amb kwkvIm-

cs¯ \K-c-kw-kvIm-c-§Ä Iog-S-¡p-¶p.

PohnX Npäp-]m-Sp-I-fpsS D¶-X-§-fn X]-Êp-sN-¿p¶ lnwk Xsâ

hgn-bn Xs¶ XpSÀ¶p-t]m-Ip¶ P·m-´-c-§sf I­v sR«p-¶p. tIc-f-P-\X

C¶v ]c-ip-cm-asâ ]gb agp-th-´n-bmWv \S-¡p-¶Xv. ^e-am-sW-¦nÂ

I®ocpw Xo{h-Zpx-Jhpw ]Ibpw am{Xw. A§-s\-h-cp-t¼mÄ B Ncn-{X-¯nsâ

BhÀ¯\w ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.

""C¶p Rm\-dn-bp-¶p-t­-sXm-cm-ZÀi-¯n\pw

a¶nse¡mtä¡p-t¼mÄ ¯³\ndw sISm-sa-¶pw,

GXp \·bpw {IamÂap\ IqÀ¸n-¨n-t«äw

bmX-\m-h-l-am-¡m³ Ignbpw \c-s¶¶pw''

C§s\ agp-hnsâ IY-bn Cu {]]-©-kXyw tIc-f-¯nsâ Pohn-X-

ambn amdp-¶p. ]c-ip-cm-a³ B[p-\n-I-tem-I-¯nsâ [À½-k-¦-S-§-fpsS {]Xn-

_nw-_-ambpw amdp-¶p.

tNmZy-§Ä

1. ""Xn³asb¯IÀ¡p-hm-\-sÃ-¦nÂ, Icm-fan sh¬ agp-sh-\n-t¡-In-sb-

´n\p kZm-in-h³''. Bibw hni-Z-am-¡pI.

2. ""tXmfnÂ\n-s¶-Sp-¯-pS\-I-te-bv¡-I-tebv¡p ]mfp-am-Zn-hym-bp-[-sa-

dnªp Ifªp.'' F¶n«v F´mWv kw`-hn-¨Xv?

3. tIcf P\X C¶v ]c-ip-cm-asâ ]gb agp-th-´n-bmWv Pohn-¡p-¶Xv

"agp-hnsâ IY'sb ASn-Øm-\-am¡n hyà-am-¡pI!

9
 k^-e-ao-bm{X

F³.-F³.-I-¡mSv (1922-þ1987)

ae-bmf Ihn-Xbv¡v ]pXnb am\-§Ä krjvSn¨ B[p-\nI Ihn-I-fnÂ

{]ap-J-\mWv F³.-F³.-I-¡m-Sv. ie-`-Ko-Xw, h{P-Ip-Þ-ew, ]mXm-f-¯nsâ apg-

¡w, Bbn-c-¯n-sXm-Åm-bn-c¯n Adp-]-¯n-aq-¶v, k^-e-ao-bm{X F¶n-h-bmWv

apJyIrXn-IÄ BIm-i-hm-Wn-bn s{]mUyq-k-dm-bn-cp-¶p. ]mÝmXyþ

]uckvXy Imhy-k-c-Wn-IÄ I¡m-Sns\ Htc-co-Xn-bn kzm[o-\n-¨p. B[p-\n-I-

X-bpsS hàm-hm-bmWv I¡mSv Ihn-Xm-cw-K¯v Øm\-ap-d-¸n-¨-Xv. AkvXn-Xz-

ZpxJhpw aqey-tim-j-W-¯nsâ hnjm-Zhpw I¡m-Snsâ Ihn-X-I-fn ImWmw.

k^-eao bm{Xbv¡v tIc-f-km-lnXy A¡m-Zan AhmÀUv (1986) hb-emÀ

AhmÀUv (1986) F¶nh e`n-¨p. k^-e-ao-bm-{X-bn Ihn-bpsS Pohn-X-km-

^eyw [z\n-¡p-¶p. [À½-Zpx-J-§-fpsS Ihn-bmbn I¡m-Sns\ Icp-Xp¶ hnaÀi-

I-cp-­v.

Imhy-hn-i-I-e\w

F³.-F³.-I-¡mSv F¶ Ihn F¶pw GIm-In-bm-bn-cp¶p F¶v

At±lwXs¶ Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-­v. kzmX-{´y-k-a-c-{]-Øm-\hpw I½yq-WnÌv {]Xy-

b-im-kv{Xhpw At±-ls¯ Hcp-t]mse BIÀjn-¨n-«p-­v. \K-chpw {Kmahpw

X½n-epÅ kwLÀjw At±-l-¯nsâ Ihn-X-bnepw Pohn-X-¯nepw sXfn-ªp-

\n¡p-¶p. "k^-e-ao-bm{X'bn At±lw Xsâ Pohn-Xs¯ hne-bn-cp-¯p-

¶p. kl-[À½n-Wn-tbmSv X§-fpsS t]mb Ime-s¯bpw HmÀ½-I-sfbpw

Ipdn¨v kw`m-jWw \S¯n Pohn-X-s¯bpw \jvS-amb Ime-s¯bpw Ihn

HmÀs¯-Sp-¡p-¶p. A\-´-amb Ime-{]-hm-ls¯ XS-ªp-\nÀ¯m³ BÀ¡pw

Ign-bn-sö kXyw Ihn hyà-am-¡p-¶p. F{X Ibv]pÅ A\p-`-h-§Ä t\cn-

10
«n-«mWv Aev]w a[p-c-apÅ A\p-`-h-¯n-te¡v a\p-jy³ {]th-in-¡p-¶Xv F¶

Pohn-X-bm-YmÀ°yw Ihn-X-bn At±lw Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. tcmK-¯nsâ

Xo{h-th-Z-\-bnepw kvt\lw F§s\ acp-¶mbn amdp¶p F¶v Ihn t_m[y-

s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.

k^-e-ao-bm{X Bcw-`n-¡p-¶Xv Ihn Xsâ ]Xv\n-tbmSv \S-¯p¶

kvt\l-kw-`m-j-W-sa¶ \ne-bn-em-Wv. sImSpw-th-\ Hgn-ªp-\n¡p¶ [\p-

am-k-¯nse aªnsâ XWp-¸n-emWv Xncp-hm-Xnc hcp-¶-Xv. Cu hnti-j-k-

µÀ`-¯n Ft¶m-sSm¸w Hcp-]m-Sp-Imew Pohn¨ {]b-kJntbmSv At±lw ]d-

bp-¶p. Ah-i-\mb Rm³ Cu P\-egn ]nSn-¨p-\n¡s« \o Ft¶mSp tNÀ¶p

\n¡q. Hcp ]t£ Hcp Npa-bn Cu icocw CS-dn-ho-sW-¶p-h-cmw, AXn-t\m-

sSm¸w Nne-t¸mÄ ac-Whpw IS-¶p-h-cmw.

"\ob-Sp-¯p-\n¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-­mhmw {hW-apÅ sXm­-bn C¶v

thZ\ A¸w Ipd-hp-­v. a[p-c-apÅ HmÀ½-I-sfm¶pw C¶v Ah-ti-jn-¡p-¶n-

Ã. Cu tcmKm-h-Ø-bn cm{Xnbpw ]I-ep-saÃmw Hcp-t]mse tXm¶p-¶p. thZ-

\-sIm­v Rm³ ]pf-ªp-t]m-Ip-¶p. Cu cm{Xn-bn BXnc Xmcs¯

Rms\m¶p ImWs«, kJn \osb-t¶mSp tNÀ¶p \n¡p' F¶v Ihn ]d-bp-

¶p. Z¼-Xn-amÀ sXm«p-\n¶v BXnc \£-{Xs¯ ImWp¶ ssZhn-I-amb NS-

§nsâ A\p-kva-c-W-amWv Cu hcn-I-fn ImWp-¶-Xv. XpSÀ¶v Ihn C{]-Imcw

hmNm-e-\m-Ip-¶p. "ico-c-¯n\v F{X-th-Z-\-bp-s­-¦nepw kvt\l-apÅ Hcp

ssI sXmSp-¶Xpw kvt\ln-¡p-¶-hÀ Xs¶ sNmÃn hymIp-e-s¸-Sp-¶-X-dn-bp-

¶Xpw Ic-fn Ipfn-cp-­m-¡p-¶p. CXp-tI« am{X-bn I®p-\n-dª kJn-

tbmSv Ic-bmsX C\n-bpÅ injvS-Zn-h-k-§sf kt´m-j-t¯msS hc-

th¡m³ Ihn ]d-bp-¶p. aq¶v ]Xn-äm­v Hcp-an¨v Pohn¨ \mw Fs´Ãmw

A\p-`-hn-¨p. HmÀ½n-¡m-\n-jvS-an-Ãm-¯Xpw HmÀ½-bnÂ\n¶v ambv¡m³ Ign-bm-

11
¯-Xp-amb F{X-sb{X Imcy-§Ä AsXÃmw HmÀt¯mÀ¯v hymIp-e-s¸-Sm-\p-

Å-Xà Cu Zn\-§Ä. C\n Pohn-X-c-Xn-bpsS ]m\-]m-{X-¯n tX³\n-d¨v AXp-

\p-IÀ¶v injvS-Po-hnXw Xm­p-I-bm-Wv.

taf-§Ä ISp¯ Xmf-¯n-em-bn-¡-gnª Cu cm{Xnsb t\m¡q. Cu

Zn\-¯nsâ hyY apJ-an-Ãm-X-e-dp¶ sXcphpw apc-S³ CS-h-gnbpw aäp-am-Wv.

i_vZhpw NqSpw \ndª \K-cw. AXn-\-¸pdw HmÀ½ Hcp a[p-c-kz]v\w t]mse

\n¡p-¶p. ]pg-bpsS Hmfhpw hbÂs¡m-änbpw t]m¡p-sh-bn-teä aebpw

cm{Xn-bnse tX¡p-]m«pw \ngÂ\n-dª Bsfm-gnª hgnbpw ]Sn-bm-bpÀ¶

BIm-i-\o-en-a-tbmfw \n¡p¶ ae-\n-c-I-fpsS Zriyhpw \mS³I-e-I-fpÅ

Xsâ {Kmahpw Ihn Ihn-X-bn-temÀ½n-s¨-Sp-¡p-¶p. "Hcp-ªm ]m«p-b-cp-¶Xv

tIÄ¡p¶pt­m' F¶v kJn-tbmSv Ihn tNmZn-¡p-¶p. AXp shdpw tXm¶-em-

sW-¦n HmÀ½-IÄ Xnf-§m-sXbpw a[p-c-§Ä ]mSm-sXbpw ]mXn-c-IÄ Cf-

Im-sXbpw F§s\ BÀ{Z-amb Hcp BÀ{ZX hcp-sa¶v Ihn kwi-bn-¡p-¶p.

DÕm-l-¯n-anÀ¸n-ÃmsX BtLm-j-§-fpsS _l-f-§-fn-ÃmsX Xncp-hm-

Xn-c -hcpw F¶v Ihn hniz-kn-¡p-¶n-Ã. ImcWw hnhm-l-tijw BZy-am-bm-

tLm-jn¨ Xncp-hm-Xnc IhnbpsS a\-Ên-eqsS IS-¶p-t]m-bn-«p-­m-hmw. kJn-

tbm-sSm-¸-apÅ B \mfp-I-fnse HmÀ½-I-fmWv Ihn-bn Akp-J-_m-[n-X-\m-bn-

cp-¶n«pw Xncp-hm-Xnc BtLm-jn-¡m-\pÅ B{K-l-ap-­m-¡n-b-Xv. Xncp-hm-Xn-

¸m«pw Ifn-Ifpw ]mXn-cm¸qNqSepw AXn-cm-hnse XpSn-¨p-Ip-fnbpw

Duªmem«hpw FÃmw Xncp-hm-Xnc sIm­m-Sp-¶-Xnsâ `mK-am-Wv. Xncp-hm-Xn-c-

\mÄ BtLm-jn-¡p-¶Xv s\Sp-amw-K-Ãy-¯n\v hnti-j-am-sW¶v Hcp hnizm-k-

hpw \ne-hn-ep-­v.

A\m-tcmKyw sIm­pw Pohn-X-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ HmÀ½-IÄsIm­pw

GIm-´X \ndª Cu \oe-cm-hn kJn \o Ft¶mSv ImWn-¡p¶ Cu

12
Aenhpw kvt\lhpw am{Xw aXn hnLv\-§Ä \ndª Pohn-X-am-Ip¶ Cu

]pg \o´n-¡-S-¡m³ F¶v Ihn `mcy-tbmSv ]d-bp-¶p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn XrWm-

hÀ¯m-kp-c³ Iwksâ BÚ-b-\p-k-cn¨v Npg-en-¡m-äm-bn-h¶v IrjvWs\

FSp-¯p-s]m-´n-¨p. IrjvW³ B Akp-cs\ h[n¨p F¶ ]pcm-W-IY

hnLv\-§Ä F§s\ A\m-bm-k-ambn XcWw sN¿m-sa¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

]gb Imcy-§Ä \n\¡v HmÀ½ hcp-¶p-t­m. Ct¸m-gs¯ hnj-a-L-«-

¯n CsXÃmw \mw HmÀ¯mepw HmÀ¡m-Xn-cp-¶mepw Cu hgn BXn-c-

sb¯pw IS-¶p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sN¿pw. \½Ä Cu P\-en-eqsS FXn-tc¡pw.

]gb HmÀ½-IÄ Hgnª Xmew hnd-bmÀ¶ ssII-fn ]nSn¨v I®oÀ hogmsX

a\-Ên--S-dmsX kt´m-j-t¯msS \mw Ccp-t]cpw Xncp-hm-Xn-csb FXn-tc¡-

Ww.

Imew C\nbpw apt¶m-«p-t]mIpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn¨v Gsd amä-§Ä hcpw.

]pXnb Xfncpw ]qhp-sam-s¡-bp-­mhpw As¶Ãmw Bcm-Wp-­m-hpI F¶v

]d-bm³ BÀ¡pw Ign-bn-Ã. AXp-sIm­v Cu Xncp-hm-Xn-csb \ap¡v im´-

ambv FXn-tc¡mw. AXn\v {]nb-kJn \o Acn-I-¯p-tNÀ¶p \n¡q. ]gb

thZ-¯nse hnhm-l-a{´w HmÀ¯v ]c-kv]cw Xm§m-hp¶ Du¶p-h-Sn-I-fmbv

\ap¡v \n¡mw. AXn\p Ign-bp-t¼m-gmWv Pohn-X-am-Ip¶ Cu bm{X k^-e-

amb bm{X-bm-Ip-¶-Xv.

tNmZy-§Ä

Bibw hni-Z-am-¡pI

1. F{X sImgp¯ NhÀ¸p IpSn-¨p-h-än-¨p\mw

C¯ncn im´n-X³ iÀ¡c \pW-bp-hm³

13
 Pohn-X-s¯-¡p-dn¨p Nn´n-¡p-t¼mÄ Ibv]p-\n-dª A\p-`-h-§-

fm-W-[n-Ihpw þ aq¶v ]Xn-äm­p \ndª Pohn-X-¯n D­mb Zpc-\p-`-

h-§Ä þ HmÀ¡m-\n-jvS-an-Ãm¯ Imcy-§Ä þ AkpJw þ F¶m \Ã

HmÀ½-IÄ Ipd-t¨-bpÅp F¶ Ihn-bpsS hnNmcw þ CsXÃmw hnh-cn-

¡mw.

2. Ime-an-\n-bp-ap-cpfpw, hnjp-hcpw

hÀjw-h-cpw, Xncp-thmWw hcpw, ]ns¶þ

tbmtcm Xfn-cn\pw ]qh-cpw, Imbvhcpw þ At¸mþ

fmsc¶p sas´-¶p-amÀ¡-dnbmw?

Ime-¯nsâ A\-´-{]-hm-ls¯ Ihn kqNn-¸n-¡p¶p þ BtLm-j-§Ä

þ {]IrXnbnse FÃmw amdp¶p þ hcm³ t]mIp¶ Ime¯v F´p

kw`-hn-¡p-sa¶v {]h-Nn-¡m-\m-hnà þ AXp-sIm­v Cu \nan-j-¯nÂ

Pohn¡mw þ BXnc BtLm-jn¡mw þ Pohn-X-¯nsâ Xncn-¨p-h-chv

D­m-hnà F¶ XXzw þ CsXÃmw hnh-cn-¡mw.

3. k^-e-ao-bm{X Pohn-Xs¯ bmYmÀ°y-t_m-[-t¯msS \ncq-]Ww \S-

¯p¶ Imhy-amWv? hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-I.

14
 samUyqÄ 2
_w¥mhv

Sn.-hn.- sIm-¨p-_mh

1955-þ XrÈqÀ PnÃ-bnse Im«qÀ F¶ {Kma-¯n P\n-¨p. "hr²-k-

Z\w' F¶ t\mh-en\v tIc-f-km-lnXy A¡m-Zan AhmÀUpw sNdp-ImSv

AhmÀUpw e`n-¨p. "D]-P·w' F¶ t\mh-en\v 1998-þse tXm¸nÂchn ^ut­-

j³ AhmÀUv e`n-¨p. H¶-§s\ H¶n-§-s\, hoSn-t¸mÄ \ni-_vZ-am-Wv. kqNn-

¡p-g-bn Hcp bmt¡m-_v, Cd-¨nbpw Ip´n-cn-¡-hpw, PmX-Iw, hncp¶p tai-bn-

te¡v, \ne-hn-fn-I-tfmsS F¶n-h-bmWv {][m\ IrXn-IÄ. `qan-imkv{Xw F¶

kam-lm-c-¯nse IY-bmWv _w¥m-hv. IYm-Im-c³ 1999-þ AIm-e-¯n ac-W-

a-S-ªp.

_w¥mhv F¶ IY-bn kaq-l-¯nse ta¯«p-Im-cpsS BÀ`m-S-Po-hn-

Xs¯ hnj-b-am¡nbncn-¡p-¶p. IY \S-¡p¶Xv Xe-Øm\\K-c-¯nÂ\n¶pw

Ccp-]Xv Intem-ao-äÀ DÄ`m-K-¯pÅ Hcp _w¥m-hn-em-Wv. Koh-do-Xnsâ A¸³

]­vIm-e¯v kz´-am-¡n-b-XmWv _w¥m-hv. Abm-fXv ]pXp¡n ]WnXv tamSn-

bpÅXm¡n. \m¸-¯n-sb«p `mcym-`À¯m-¡-·mÀ sa¼Àjn¸v FSp-¯n-«pÅ

B D]-cn-hÀK Iq«m-bva-bpsS {Sj-ddm-bn-cp¶p Koh-do-Xv. \m¸-¯n-sb«p `mcy-

amscbpw \dp-s¡-Sp-¸n-eqsS B cm{Xn AhÀ hoXw hbv¡p-¶p. Nmcp-e-Xbv¡pw

hnP-b-Ip-am-cn¡pw Cu Ifn-bn XmÂ]-cy-an-sÃ-¦nepw AhÀ AXn\p \nÀ_-

Ôn-¡-s¸«p. hnP-b-Ip-amcn `À¯mhv tkma-cm-Pp-hns\ `b-¶n-«mWv CXnÂ

]s¦-Sp-¡p-¶-Xv. \m«n³]p-d-¯p-Im-cnbpw \njvI-f-¦-bp-amb Ah-fpsS hnhmlw

Ign-ªn«v A[n-I-am-bn-«n-Ã.-Xs¶ ImWm³ h¶ AÑ-t\mSv Cu A]-ISw ad-

¨p-h-¨p-sIm­v kwkm-cn-¡p-¶p. F¶m Zmksâ `mcy-bmb Nmcp-eX `À¯m-

15
hn-t\m-SpÅ kvt\lhpw AÔ-amb hnizm-khpw aqe-amWv _w¥m-hn-se-¯p-¶-

Xv. Koh-do-Xnsâ `mcy-bmb tkman-bm-sW-¦n {]tXy-In¨v Hcp XmÂ]-cytam

Xocp-am-\tam CÃmsXbmWv `À¯m-hn-t\m-sSm¸w _w¥m-hn-se-¯n-t¨-cp-¶-Xv.

tUmIvSÀ tIminbpw `mcy F½bpw XpÃy Xm¸-cy-t¯m-sS-bmWv Cu ]cn-]m-

Sn-bn ]s¦-Sp-¡p-¶-Xv. AhÀ¡v e`n-¡-W-sa¶v Icp-Xp¶ ]¦m-fn-Isf e`n-¡p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. tUmIvSÀ tImin ho«n-se-¯p-t¼mÄ ]Xn-\mdmw \¼À

s_Ín InS-¡p¶ tcmKn AkpJw aqÀÑn¨v ac-Wm-h-Ø-bn-em-hp-¶p. knÌÀ

kmhn{Xn thZ-\-tbmsS A¡mcyw tUmIvSsd hnfn-¨-dn-bn-¡p-¶p. tUmIvSÀ

_w¥m-hn-te¡p t]mtI­ Xnc-¡n DS-\Sn F¯m-sa¶v IÅw ]dªv

t^m¬ I«p sN¿p-¶p. ac-Wm-k-¶-\mb tcmKn-bpsS GI aIÄ tUmIvSÀ

hcp-¶Xpw AÑs\ c£n-¡p-¶Xpw Im¯v AÑsâ Imen apJw ]qgv¯n

XfÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. Aѳ acn-¨m ]Xn-\m-ep-Im-cn-bmb AhÄ Hä-s¸-Sp-sa¶

thZ\ knÌÀ kmhn-{Xnsb Akz-Ø-bm-¡p-¶p. \mep Ip«n-I-fpsS A½-bmb

AhÀ B Ip«nsb IqSn Gsä-Sp-¡-W-sa¶v Icp-Xp-¶p. tUmIvSÀ F¯m-Xm-b-

tXmsS tcmKn A´y-izmkw hen-¡p-¶p. tUmIvSÀ tImin kz´w

ho«nÂ\n¶pw ]pd-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn\p sXm«p-ap³]v knÌÀ ^vtfmd At±-ls¯

t^mWn hnfn-¡p-¶p. tUmIvS-dpsS aIÄ Sqdn-\nsS Hcp tdmU-]-I-S-¯nÂ

acn¨ hnhcw Adn-bn-¡m-\mWv hnfn-¨-Xv. F¶m tlmkv]n-ä-enÂ\n-¶pÅ

tImfm-sW¶p Icp-Xn, ""F\n¡v FÃmw a\-Ên-embn Rm³ DSs\ F¯mw''

F¶p ]dªv dnko-hÀ {ImUn-en-te-s¡-dnªp. knÌÀ ^vtfmd tUmIvSÀ¡v

aIÄ¡v acn¨ hnhcw a\-Ên-em-bn-«nà F¶p a\-Ên-em¡n tUmIvSsd At\z-

jn¨v tlmkv]n-ä-en F¯p¶p knÌÀ kmhn-{Xn-tbmSv tUmIvS-dpsS aIÄ

acn¨ hnhcw ]d-bp-¶p. CsXm¶pw Adn-bm¯ tUmIvSdpw `mcybpw _w¥m-

hn X§-fpsS ]¦m-fn-I-tfm-sSm¸w B cm{Xn BtLm-jn¡p¶p.

16
 hnP-b-Ip-amcn A[ym-]n-I-bmb tkman-tbmSv Xsâ ]cm-Xn-IÄ ]d-bp-¶p.

XmXv]-cy-an-sÃ-¦n _w¥m-hn-te¡v htc-s­¶v hnP-b-Ip-am-cn-tbmSv tkman ]d-

bp-¶p. F¶m `À¯m-hnsâ \nÀ_Ôw aqew AhÀ¡v _w¥m-hn-se-t¯-­n-

h-cp-¶p. sN½o³ Ib-äp-aXn I¨-h-S-¡m-c-\mb UnknÂhsb AhÄ¡v ]¦m-fn-

bmbn e`n-¡p-¶p. hnP-b-Ip-amcn henb ]oU-\-¯n-\n-c-bm-Ip-¶p. ]peÀs¨

Xncn¨p t]mcp-t¼mÄ tkma-cm-Pp-hn-t\mSv Xsâ FXnÀ¸pw thZ-\bpw AhÄ

]d-bp-¶p. AXn-t\mSv \ncp-¯-c-hm-Z-]-c-amb kao-]-\-amWv tkma-cm-Pp-hn-\p-­m-

b-Xv. AbmÄ Ah-fpsS s]m«n-b-Np­v Nq­n-¡m-Wn¨v AhÄ¡pw th­{X

]¦v CXn D­m-bn-«p-s­¶v Btcm-]n-¡p-¶p.

tUmIvSÀ tIminbpw `mcy F½bpw Xncn-¨p-ho-«n-te¡v hcp-t¼mÄ Hcp-

t]mse kt´m-j-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p. X§Ä IW¡p Iq«n-b-Xp-t]mse kw`-hn-¨-

Xn AhÀ Xr]vX-cmbncp¶p. Imdn-\p-Ånse \ot{Km Kmbn-I-bpsS i_vZw

F½ Dd-s¡-bm-¡n. c­p-t]cpw H¸-¯n-s\m¸w Xmfw ]nSn-¨p-sIm-­n-cp-¶p.

At¶cw Hcp Bw_p-e³kv Ah-cpsS Imdn\p ]pd-In Nph¸v shfn-¨-¯nsâ

[rXn-bp-ambn {]Xy-£-s¸-«p. AXnsâ ac-Ww-t]mse NXª tlm¬

tIminbpw F½bpw IW-¡n-se-Sp-¯n-Ã. AXn-\p-Ån ss{Uhsd IqSmsX

c­p I\ym-kv{Xo-IÄ Ccp-¸p-­m-bn-cp-¶p. hgn-h-¡nse Øe kqN-\-I-fnÂ

AhÀ X¸n-X-S-bp-¶Xv F½ I­p. Bw_p-e³knsâ XnSp-¡-kz-`m-h-

¯nÂ\n¶v ASn-b-´n-c-ambn F¯n-t¡-­ Hcp tcmKntbm arX-tZ-ltam BWv

AsX¶v tUmIvSÀ tImin Duln¨p ac-W-§-fpsS Xam-i-bn lcwsIm­n-

cp¶ B a\p-jy³ Bw_p-e³kn\v Ib-dn-t¸m-Im³ ]äm¯hn[w Imtdm-Sn-¨p.

Sn.-hn.-sIm-¨p-_mh 1993-þÂ Fgp-Xnb Cu IY A¡m-es¯ tIc-fob

\mK-cnI Pohn-X-¯nsâ Hfn-¨p-h¨ apJ-sam-¶p-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. bqtdm-]y³

kmaqly Pohn-X-¯nepw ¢ºv kwkvIm-c-¯nepw D­m-bn-cp¶ kmwkv¡m-cn-

17
Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb hogvN-I-fmWv Cu IY-bpsS `mh-\m-tem-I-¯n-\-Sn-

Øm-\w. F¶m ae-bmfn IY-bn ]d-bp-¶-Xp-t]m-se-bpÅ aSpt¸m ac-

hnt¸m kz´w Pohn-X-¯n A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶p-­m-bn-cn-¡-Ww. {]tXy-In¨v kaq-

l-¯nsâ ta¯-«n-epÅ Pohn-X-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂ, kpc-£n-X-Xz-¯nsâ sIWn-

bnÂ, k¼-¯nsâ kpJ-tem-ep-]-X-bn Hs¡bpw C¯cw h¨p amd-ep-IÄ¡v

B{K-ln-¡p-¶p-­mhmw AÃmsX CsX-gp-Xnb Ime¯v CsXmcp kmaq-lnI

bYmÀ°y-hp-ambn _Ô-an-Ãm-¯-XmWv. h¨p-am-d-ep-I-fp-sS, hne-t]-i-ensâ,

apX-em-fn-¯-¯nsâ BtKm-f-h-Xv¡-c-W-Imew Cu IY-bpsS Ime-¯n\pw

tij-am-Wv. BW-[n-Im-c-¯nsâ Zpc-´-h-e-b-¯n-em-bn-cp¶p kv{XoIfpw kaq-

lhpw F¶ bmYmÀ°yw Cu IY DÄs¡m-Åp-¶p-­v. \nÀ_-Ôn-X-ambn

kv{XoIsf ]e Zpc-´-¯n-te¡pw ]pcp-j³ XÅn hnSp-¶-Xnsâ Bhn-jv¡mcw

IqSn-bm-Ip¶p Cu IY. a\-Êm-Ip¶ km£nsb adn-I-S¶v ico-c-¯nsâ

BtLm-j-§-fn-te¡v tNt¡-dp¶ s]mÅ-bmb a\p-jy-cpsS IY-Iq-Sn-bmWv

_w¥m-hv. ChnsS ]pcp-j³ th«-¡m-c\pw F¶-t¯bpw t]mse kv{Xo Cc-bp-

am-Ip-¶p. hÀ¯-am-\-Im-es¯ Hä-s¸« ]{X-hmÀ¯-IÄ FÃmw t\Sn-¡-gn-

ªn«pw C\n-sb´v F¶-t\z-jn-¡p¶ ]co-£-W-§Ä¡v X¿m-dm-hp¶ ]pXnb

a\p-jys\ hÀj-§Ä¡p-ap³]v Sn.-hn. sIm¨p-_mh Cu IY-bn hc-¨p-Im-Wn-

¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.

tNmZy-§Ä

1. KohdoXv F´p-sIm-­mWv X\n¡v ]mc-¼-cy-ambn In«nb _w¥mhv

hn¡-W-sa¶v tkman-tbmSv ]d-ªXv?

2. tUmIvSÀ tImin Bw_p-e³kns\ IS-¯n-hn-Sm-Xn-cp-¶-Xn\v Imc-W-

sa´v?

18
3. ""sXmS-cpXv Fs¶ sXmS-cpXv'' hnP-b-Ip-amcn tkma-cm-Pp-hn-t\mSv

C§s\ Bt{Im-in-¨Xv F´p-sIm­v?

4. Sn.-hn.-sIm-¨p-_mh _w¥mhv F¶ IY-bn ]d-bp¶ hkvXp-X-IÄ

hnaÀi\w AÀln-¡p-¶pt­m?

19
 Zpjy-´³amjv

hn.-sI.-F³

hSt¡Iq«me \mcm-b-W³Ip«n-\m-bÀ F¶ hn.-sI.-F³ 1932-þÂ

XrÈqÀPn-Ã-bnse Xncp-hn-ezm-a-e-bn P\n-¨p. UÂln-bn ]¯p-hÀj-t¯mfw

]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I-\m-bn-cp-¶p. 1970-þ Btcm-lWw F¶ t\mh-en\v tIc-f-km-

lnXy A¡m-Zan AhmÀUv e`n-¨p. 1997-þ ]nXm-a-l\v ap«-¯p-hÀ¡n

AhmÀUp e`n-¨p. tIc-f-km-lnXy A¡m-Zan sshkv {]kn-U­pw Ip©³\-

¼ymÀ kvamc-I-¯nsâ sNbÀam-\p-am-bn-cp-¶p. t\mh-ep-I-fnepw IY-I-fnepw

BÀ¡pw A\p-I-cn-¡m-\m-hm¯ lmkyw Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨p. 2004 P\p-hcn 25-þ\v

A´-cn-¨p.

]pcm-W-I-Ym-k-µÀ`-§-tfbpw IYm-]m-{X-§-tfbpw ]pXnb Ime-¯nsâ

]Ým-¯-e-¯n Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-I-sb-¶Xv hn.-sI.-F³. hfsc Bkz-Zn-¨p-sN-

¿p¶ Imcy-am-Wv. \m«nse ssZh-§-sfbpw BNm-c-§-sfbpw lmkym-ß-I-ambn

Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡pI F¶Xpw At±-l-¯nsâ ]Xn-hp-co-Xn-bm-Wv. imIp-´-fw-IY

CXp-hsc Bcpw ]d-bm¯ coXn-bn lmkym-ß-I-ambn km[m-cW Pohn-X-§-

fp-ambn CW-¡n-t¨À¡p-I-bm-Wv Zpjy-´³ amjn At±lw sN¿p-¶-Xv. B[p-

\nI Ime-¯nsâ CS-s]-S bpàn-I-fp-ambn IYm-]m-{X-§-sfbpw kµÀ`-§-

tfbpw At±lw tNÀ¯p-h-bv¡p-¶p. Zpjy-´s\ Hcp kvIqÄ amjn-t\mSv D]-

an¨v Zpjy-´y³amjv F¶mWv IY-bn ]d-bp-¶-Xv. cmPm-hmb hnhcw \m«p-

Imsc Adn-bn-¡m³ Kkäv hnÚm-]\w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨p F¶mWv hn.-sI.-F³

Fgp-Xp-¶-Xv. tImX-¼p-Xo\nIfmb Xsâ {]P-I-tfmSv s\Ã-cnin Xn¶m³

Iev]n-¡p¶ Zpjy-´s\ \ap¡v ImWmw. km[m-cW a\p-jysâ Xe-¯n-te¡v

ChnsS Zpjy-´³ iIp-´f hnizm-an-{X³ XpS-§nb IYm-]m-{X-§Ä Cd-§n-h-cp-

20
¶p. \mSIw ]Tn-¨p-I-gntªm F¶ Zpjy-´sâ tNmZy-¯n\v F\n¡v kn\n-a-

bm-WnjvSw F¶v adp-]Sn ]d-bp¶ iIp-´-fsb hn.-sI.-F³ Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶p.

Zpjy-´-sâbpw iIp-´-f-bp-tSbpw temI-{]-i-kvX-amb imIp-´-f-IY

kc-k-ambn hn.-sI.-F³ ]d-bp-¶p. Ae-l-_mZv kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-bnÂ\n¶v \mS-

I-cmjv{Saoamw-k-bn H¶mw dm¦n H¶mw ¢mÊn ap³s_-©n-en-cp¶p

]Tn¨p Pbn¨v _ncp-Z-sa-Sp-¯-bm-fmWv hn.-sI.-F-¶nsâ Zpjy-´³. Poh-Âkm-

lnXyw hmbn-¨p-a-Sp-¯-t¸mÄ, Hcp amä-¯n-\p-th­n C\n Akmcw \mbm-

«mhmw F¶p IcpXn Zpjy-´³ Im«n-te¡p t]mIp-¶p. ]«m-fhpw \mhn-I-þ-

hmbpþtk-\m-hn-`m-Khpw At±-ls¯ A\p-K-an¨p FÃmw IqSn ImSn-f-In.

{]mW\pwsIm­v HmSnb ImSnsâ a¡sf Xe§pw hne§pw shSn-sh-¨p-sIm-

¶p. F¶m Cu {Iqc-X-b-dnª cmPys¯ Fkv.-]n.-kn.F ]pd-s¸-«p. CX-

dnªv cmPmhv XSn-X-¸n.

cmPmhv F¯n-s¸-«Xv kpµ-c-amb h\-¯n\p \Sp-¡m-bn-cp-¶p. am\p-

IÄ¡n-S-bn-eqsS ]pg-bnÂ\n¶v Zpjy-´³ Hcp ]m«p-tI-«p. kn\n-am-jq-«n§v

Fs´-¦nepw Dt­m F¶p kwi-bn-¨p. \mep-]mSpw t\m¡n, At¸mÄ IpS-hp-

ambn Hcp s]®v ]pg apdn-t¨mSn A¡sc Hcm-{i-a-¯n ad-bp-¶Xp I­p.

amjv ]pg-bn Cd§n Ahsf ]n³Xp-SÀ¶v HmSn. AhnsS I­ shÅ-cn¡

]dn-¨p-Xn¶v hni-¸-S-¡n. thZ-a-t{´m-¨m-cWw tI«-t¸mÄ IS-h-ÃqÀ At\ym-\y-

¯n sN¶p s]t«m F¶p kwi-bn-¨p. B{i-a-¯n ap«n hnfn-¨p. sNdp-hm-ey-

¡mcn h¶p tNmZn¨p IpSn-¡m³ Fs´-¦nepw thtWm, AXn-\p-tijw \n\¡v

XmX-\mbn Hcp ap\nsb ImW-W-atÃm? F¶p tNmZn¨p. B ap\nsb hµn-

¡m³ h¶-Xm-sW¶pw Adn-bn-¨p. `£Ww Ign-¨n«v t]mImw F¶p ]dª

iIp-´-f-tbmSv ASp-¡f amäw Bb-Xp-sIm­v DuWn\v cpNn-bp-­m-hpw. AXp-

sIm­v Ign-¨n«v t]mIm-sa¶v k½-Xn-¨p. XpSÀ¶v iIp-´-f-bp-ambn kwkm-cn¨v

21
Ah-fpsS ]qÀÆ-N-cn{Xw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶p. hnizm-an-{Xsâ X]-kn-f-¡m³ C{µ³

ta\-Isb \ntbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. AXn ]nd¶ Ip«n-bmWv iIp-´-f. B iIp-´-

fsb KmÔÀÆ-a-«n Zpjy-´³amjv hnhmlw sN¿p-¶p. At§bv¡v tijw

B Ip«n cmPm-hm-IWw F¶p ]dª iIp-´-f, ""A§v cmPmhv X¶tÃm.

{]P-b-ÃtÃm'' F¶v kwibw {]I-Sn-¸n¨p. Zpjy-´³ ]dªp:

""^pÄssSw cmPm-sh-So, FÃmw \n\¡v hgnsb Xncn-bpw.'' F¶p

]dªv Zpjy´³ FÃmw k½-Xn¨v I­n-S-s¯ms¡ H¸n-«p-sIm-Sp-¯p. ]n¶oSv

ssI sa¿v Iq«n-]n-Sn¨v Ccp IcÄ Hcp t¹än enhÀ ss{^ B¡n AhÀ ZÀ`-

hn-cn-bn Nmªp. Ahn-sS-\n¶v Fgp-t¶ä Zpjy-´³ bm{X ]dªv t]mbn.

AXn\p ]n¶mse F¯nb AÑsâ Im Igp-Inb shÅw At±-l-¯nsâ

Xe-bn-sem-gn¨v iIp-´f XmWp hW-§n. At±-l-¯nsâ ]n¶nÂ\n¶pw ]d-

ªp. ""XmXm, Zpjy-´s\ Rm³ hcn-¨Xv icn Xs¶. AXn-¨n«v At±-ls¯

i]n-¡p-Itbm I­m Nndn-¡n«v c­v ]qip-Itbm sN¿-cp-Xv. ]qi-I-s\-I­

Fensbt¸mse BIp-a-h³. CXp-tI« XmX³ ]d-ªp.

""tamtf Zpjy-´s\ F\n-¡n-jvS-am-bn. B¦p«ym Hm³. \n\-¡n-jvS-ap-Å-

hcw hmcw hmcw GsX-¦nepw ]{X-¯nsâ hmcm-´-¸-Xn-¸n-eqsS Ft¶mSv

tNmZn-¡v, Xcp¶p­v Rm³'', F¶p ]d-ªp. ]p{X-t\m-sSm¸w cmP-k-¶n-[n-bn-

se-¯nb iIp-´f: ""tl, alm-cm-Pv, CXm Rm\pw A§-bpsS ]p{X\pw F¯n-

bn-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v ]d-ªp. B{i-a-¯n Fs¶ I¼w ]nSn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\p

ap³]v F\n¡p X¶ hm¡v Xm¦Ä HmÀ¡p-¶p-­m-hp-a-tÃm''.

""amUw, \o hmÀ¯ krjvSn-¡-bm-tWm, GXv ]{X-¯nse Ìm^-dmWv

\o? F\n¡v \ns¶ ]nSn hÅn In«p-¶n-Ã''.

CXp tI«v iIp-´f ]dªp: ""HmÀ½-bn-tà]ns¶ X\n¡v Ft´m-¶p-

­v.'' C§s\ hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-§Â¡n-S-bn Zpjy-´³ ""ImÄtK-fmb iIp-´sf

22
Rm³ \n¶n bmsXm-cp-hn[w sN¡-t\bpw Dev]m-Zn-¸n-¨n-«n-Ã'' F¶p-]-d-bp-¶p.

C¯-c-¯n-epÅ \o­-hm-Z-{]-Xn-hm-Z-§Ä tI«v Zpjy-´sâ sN¡³ kÀÆ-Z-a-

\³ ]d-ªp. ""Rm³ Im¯p-\n¡p-hm-cp-¶p. C\nbpw Xm³ thjw-sI«v

XpSÀ¶n-cp-s¶-¦n Xs¶ Rm\n-Sn¨v ioe-s¸m-Sn-bm-¡n-tbs\'' Zpjy-´³

AXnsâ Bh-iy-an-söpw k³s]³kpw A`n-\-bhpw Xsâ coXn-bm-sW¶pw

AXp-sIm-­mWv Xm³ C{X-t\cw Dcp­v Ifn-¨-sX¶pw ]dªp. \o Fs¶

hnfn¨ ao\-`-c-Wn-bvs¡Ãmw Rm³ \n\¡v am¸p-X-cp-¶p. \o Fsâ dmWo

e£vao-`mbv Xs¶ sN¡³ bph-cm-Pm-hpw.

sN¡\v Rm³ `c-X³ F¶p t]cnSp¶p. Hcp ]cn-¸p-hS sImSp-¡p-¶p.

Ch\nÂ\n-¶mWv C´ybv¡v `mcXw F¶ t]À In«p-I. ""C´ysb I­p-]n-

Sn¨ Rm³'' F¶ {KÙ-¯n PhÀem s\lvdp CsXÃmw hnkvX-cn-¡pw.

F¶p ]dªv IY Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶p.

tNmZy-§Ä

1. hn.-sI.-F³ IY-I-fpsS s]mXp-kz-`mhw Zpjy-´³amjv F¶ IYsb

ap³\nÀ¯n hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-I.

2. ""^pÄssSw cmPm-sh-So, FÃmw \n\¡p hgnsb Xncnbpw''. kµÀ`w

hni-Z-am-¡p-I.

3. ]pcmW IYm-]m-{X-§-tfbpw kµÀ`-§-tfbpw km[m-cW Pohn-X-§-fp-

ambn hn.-sI.-F³. F§ns\ hnf-¡n-tNÀ¡p-¶p. Zpjy-´³amjv F¶

IYsb ap³\nÀ¯n hni-Z-am-¡p-I.

23
 XmbvIpew

kmdm-tPm-k^v

tIc-f-¯nse s^an-\nÌv {]Øm-\-¯nsâ {][m\ kwLm-S-Ibpw

{]hÀ¯-I-bp-amWv kmdm-tPm-k-^v. tImtfPv A[ym-]n-I-bm-bn-cp¶ AhÀ

tIc-f-km-lnXy A¡m-Zan AwK-am-bn-cp-¶p. Bem-l-bpsS s]¬a-¡Ä F¶

t\mh-en\v tI{µ, tIc-f-km-lnXy A¡m-Zan AhmÀUp-Ifpw sNdp-ImSv

AhmÀUpw hb-emÀ AhmÀUpw e`n-¨p. {][m\ IrXn-IÄ : ImSnsâ kwKo-

Xw, a\-Ênse Xo am{Xw, ]m]-¯-d, \nemhv Adn-bp-¶p, HSp-hn-es¯ kqcy-Im-

´n, ImSnXp I­mtbm Im´m (I-Y-IÄ) Bem-l-bpsS s]¬a-¡Ä, amäm-

¯n, HX¸v, DucvIm-h (t\m-h-ep-IÄ) ]m]-¯d F¶ IrXn-bpsS Bap-J-

¯nemWv k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ "s]s®-gp¯v' F¶ kwÚ BZy-ambn {]tbm-Kn-¨Xv.

]n-¶oSv CXv kv{Xo]£ cN-\-Isf s]mXp-hmbn A`n-kw-t_m-[-\-sN-¿p¶

{]tbm-K-ambn amdn.

"XmbvIpew' F¶ IY-bn cmam-b-W-IY ]p\-c-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-I-bmWv

kmdm-tPm-k-^v. {]W-bm-`yÀ°\ \S-¯n-b-Xn\v e£va-W³ amdnSw tOZn-¨p-I-

fª iqÀ¸-W-J-bpsS hnem-]-amWv IY-bn Bhn-jv¡-cn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. ]©-hSn

h\-¯nsâ iànbpw kuµ-cyhpw kz´w a\-Ên-te¡pw ico-c-¯n-te¡pw

Bhm-ln-¨mWv iqÀ¸-WJ \ne-sIm-Åp-¶-Xv. Idp-¸nsâ kuµ-cyhpw iànbpw

B IYm-]m-{X-¯n kmdm-tPm-k^v hnf-¡n-t¨À¯n-cn-¡p-¶p. amdnSw tOZn-¡-

s¸-«-Xn-eqsS Xsâ Ipe-¯nsâ Poh-[-a-\n-I-fmWv \jvS-am-b-sX¶v iqÀ¸-WJ

hne-]n-¡p-¶p. thZ-\-bn ]nS-bp-t¼mgpw Xsâ Ipe-s¯bpw Ipe-cm-Pm-hmb

cmh-W-s\bpw Ah-cpsS hocy-s¯bpw kwkv¡m-c-s¯bpw iqÀ¸-WJ HmÀ¡p-

¶p. kv{XoI-tfmSv Xsâ Ipe-¯nse cmPm-h-S-¡-ap-Å-hÀ C¯-c-¯n-epÅ A]-

24
cm[w {]hÀ¯n-¨n-«n-söv AhÀ Nn´n-¡p-¶p. D{K-{]-Xm-]n-bmb cmh-W³

F¶pw kv{XoI-tfmSv _lp-am-\-]qÀÆta s]cp-am-dn-bn-«p-Åq. AXn\v DZm-l-c-W-

amWv koX. kv{XoXz-¯nt\ä A]-am-\-ambn iqÀ¸-WJ Xsâ Zpc-´s¯

ImWp-¶p. Hcp Zpc´ ]p{Xn-bpsS thZ-\bpw am\-kn-I-{]-iv\-§fpw {]Xn-Im-c-

Zm-lhpw h\y-Xbpw iqÀ¸-W-J-bn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m³ kmdm-tPm-k-^n\v

"XmbvIpe'¯n Ign-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p.

]pcm-X-\-amb tKm{X-`mj kwkm-cn-¡p¶ iqÀ¸-W-Jsb Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨-

Xn-eqsS h\y-amb IYm-]m-{Xm-hn-jv¡mcw \S-¯m\pw iàn-kz-cq-]n-Wnbmb

\mbn-Im-I-Ym-]m-{Xs¯ bmYmÀ°y-am-¡m\pw kmdm-tPm-k-^n\v km[n-¨p.

B{I-an-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw A]-am-\n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX iqÀ¸-WJ apdw-

t]mse hncnª \J-§Ä IqÀ¸n-¨v, I®p-I-fn CSn-hmÄ an¶n¨v Hcp-]mSv

kv{XoI-sfbpw Ip«n-I-sfbpw IqsS-¡q«n {]Xym-{I-a-W-¯n\v ]pd-s¸-Sm-s\m-cp-

§p-¶-tXmsS "XmbvIpew' Bcw-`n-¡p-¶p. I¡-¯n-bpsS h¡p-IÄt]mse

IqÀ¸n¨ \J-§-fpsS hmbv¯e Xnf§n AXnÂ\n¶v an¶epw Xobpw ]mdn,

\J-§-fpsS Nmcw Imän ]d¶v Npg-en-bm-bn.

e¦-bpsS tk\sb \bn-¡p¶ cmh-W\v bp²-¯n tXmÂhn-bn-Ã. N{µ-

lmkw BÀ¡pw XSp-¡m-\m-hnÃ. cmh-W³ Ae-dp-¶Xv IS-en-s\-t¸m-se-bmWv.

AXp-tI«p hfÀ¶ iqÀ¸-W-Jbv¡v `b-anÃ. Ah-fpsS ]I-bm-sW-¦n Ccp-

«n ]¯n-hn-SÀ¯n Noän-\n¡p-I-bm-Wv. AS-§m¯ ]I-tbmsS AhÄ ]Ãv

sRcn¨p \J-§Ä ]md-s¡-«n-ep-c¨p InX-¨p-\n-¶p. At¸m-sgm-s¡bpw tOZn-¡-

s¸« amdn-Shpw ico-c-am-sIbpw AhÄ¡p thZ-\n-¨p. Xsâ Ipe-¯n-sâbpw

\nW-¯n-sâbpw ]mc-¼-cy-¯n-tâbpw thcp-I-fmWv AhÀ Adp-¯n-«sX¶

bmYmÀ°y-¯n AhÄ \Sp-§n-t¸m-bn. ab³ sIm¯nb Icn-¦m-fn-bpsS cq]-

`w-Kn-bp-­m-bn-cp¶ Xsâ ico-c-s¯-tbmÀ¯v AhÄ \ne-hn-fn-¨p. B cq]-`w-Kn-

25
bn C¶v ]¨-a-cp¶pw XpWn-¨n-äp-Ifpw am{X-ta-bp-Åq. \mep-X-e-ap-dsb ]meq-

«n-h-fÀ¯m³ sIev]p-­m-bn-cp¶ Xsâ AwK-`w-K-¯n iqÀ¸-WJ XIÀ¶p-

t]m-bn. Xsâ hwi-¯n HcmWpw Hcp s]®n-t\mSpw Cu {IqcX sNbvXn-«n-

söpw s]®nsâ hSnhpw tImemw sISp¯n hoc-\m-bn-«n-söpw AhÄ

HmÀ¯p. I®oÀ XpS¨v Xe ]n¶m¡w sh«n¨v s\©p-hn-cn¨v Ac-a-Wnbpw

Im¯-fbpw Inep¡n Bbp-[-¸p-c-bn-te¡v Cf-In-\-S-¶p.

Bbp-[-¸p-c-bn ]¯m-bncw s]®p-§Ä¡v IÂt¡m-Sm-enbpw

GÀ¡pt´mw D­v Ahsc DuÀÖ-kz-e-cm-¡m³ Atbm-ap-Jn-bp-­v. B

Atbm-ap-Jnsb As¼-¿p-I-tbm, sh«p-I-tbm, I®p-Nq-gvs¶-Sp¯v ssIImÂ

HSn-¡p-Itbm H¶p-aà sNbvXXv ape-¸m-ensâ thcp-IÄ Adp-s¯-Sp-¡p-I-bmWv

sNbvXXv. a®nÂhoWv thZ-\-sIm­v ]pfª AhÄ iqÀ¸-W-J-bpsS

Im¡ h¶p hoWp. apJ-t¯m-Sp-apJw t\m¡n AhÀ \n¶-t¸mÄ Ipe-

¯nsâ A`n-am\w cà-ambv NnX-dn-ho-Wp.

AtXmsS A½-am-cpsS tIm]w Xnf-¨vs]m§n tNmZy-§fpw At\z-j-

Whpw \S-¶p. "Bcm­m sX­I h\-¯nev Bbp[w sIm­v \S-t¸mcv?'

F¶v AhÄ Bt{Im-in-¨p. B A½amÀ sIm«nb s]cp-¼-dbv¡v Ien-bn-fIn

sIm¼p-Ip-g-ep-IÄ¡v {`m´p-]n-Sn-¨p. ac-\ocv tam´n DÅw Ie-§nb Ipe-a-¡Ä

A½-amÀs¡m¸w Ad-ªm-Sn.

iqÀ¸-WJ ]©-h-Sn-¡m-«n-te¡v Xncn-¨p-h-¶p. ]ÀW-ime A\m-Y-am-bn-

cp¶p ]ÀW-im-e-bn-te¡v I¿n-ep-­m-bn-cp¶ Ip´w hen-s¨-dnªp AXv

kzkvXnImNnÓ-¯n Ip¯n-\n¶v hnd-¨p.

Ah³ Fsâ Ipe-¯nsâ thc-dp-¯p. Fsâ \nd-t¯bpw C\-t¯bpw

A]-am-\n-¨p. Ah-s\-t¯-Sn-s¨¶ hmensb acw-a-d-ªp-\n¶v As¼bvXp

sIme-s¸-Sp-¯n. cmh-W-s¸-cp-amÄ¡pw Ahsâ I¿mse tXmÂhn kw`-hn-

26
s¨¶v tIÄ¡p-¶p. IqS-¸n-d-¸mb hn`o-j-W³ cmh-W-s¸-cp-amÄ¡v Ime-¸ng

hcp-¯p-¶p. F\n¡v A½-Øm-\-¯pÅ atÞm-Z-cn-bpsS I®ocpw {]mÀ°-

\bpw am{X-am-bn-cp¶p bp²-¡-f-¯n s]cp-amÄ¡v XpW.

apfw IpS-¯nÂ\n¶v tX\pw ac-\ocpw Cuän-¡p-Sn¨v iqÀ¸-WJ tKmZm-

h-cn-bpsS Xoc-¯n-eqsS BSn-bm-Sn-\-S-¶p. \Zn-bpsS Xmcm-«n\v ImtXmÀ¯-

t¸mÄ B henb I®p-IÄ \nd-ªp-h-¶p.

`b-¦-c-amb B cm{Xn-bn Bbp-[-¸p-c-bpsS apä¯v Atbm-apJn iqÀ¸-

W-Jsb sXc-ªp. cm{Xn Hcp-]mSv Ignªp iqÀ¸-WJ BSn-bmSn hcp-¶Xv

Atbm-apJn I­p. AhÄ ]md-¡q-«-§Ä¡Sn-bn-te¡v HmSn-s¨-¶p. Xt¶m-

sSm¶pw ]d-tb-s­¶v iqÀ¸-WJ ssI DbÀ¯n hne-¡n. Xsâ _en-jvT-amb

tXmfp-I-fn Atbm-apJn Ahsf Xm§n. iqÀ¸-W-J-bpsS apJ¯v \nemhv

Xnf-§n-b-t¸mÄ Ah-fpsS I®p-IÄ Fcn-sªm-gp-Ip-¶Xv Atbm-apJn I­p.

AhÄ ]d-bm³ XpS-§n.

Ce¦ apSnªp! Nqcn-b³ sI«p

NaÀ¡-f-¯nev amä-ecvsS aosX

tImS-enSn t]mse sh«nb cmh-W-s¸-cvamfpw

Ahsâ N´n-c-h-«-¡ptSw

sXdn¨v t]mbn......

hn`o-j-Ws\ t]Sn-¨n«v Hcp-¯nbpw h¶n-Ã. s]cp-am-fpsS tNmc-bnÂ

Nhn-«n-\n-¶n«v Ah³ N´n-c-h-«-¡pS NqSn. Gsd t\cw Ignªv ZpxJ-¯n-em-­p-

t]mb iqÀ¸-WJ tNmZn-¨p.

""NoX''

27
 cl-kyw-t]mse ]Xnª H¨-bn Atbm-apJn ]d-ªp. Ah-chfvsS

aq¡pw samtew Acn-ªnÃ.

cmh-W-s¸-cp-am-fpsS ]q¦m-h-\-¯n `£Ww Ign-¡m-sXbpw `b¶pw

\mfp-IÄ Ign-¨-Xn\v

"I\-em-gn-¡q«n AXn NmSm³ ]dªp'

s]s«¶v iqÀ¸-WJ s]m«n-¨n-cn-¨p. ImSp-WÀ¶p ]£n-Ifpw arK-§fpw

Ic-bm³ XpS§n ssIIÄ ]n¶m¡w Ip¯n, Xe ]pd-In-te-s¡-dn-ªv, tXmfp-

IÄ Ipep¡n iqÀ¸-WJ D¨-¯n-ep-¨-¯n Nncn-¡m³ XpS-§n.

iqÀ¸-WJ cmam-bW IYm-]m-{X-am-sW-¦nepw IY-bn A½-am-scbpw

Ip«n-I-sfbpw i{Xp-]-£-¯pÅ koXsbt¸mepw DÄs¡m-Åp¶ ià-amb

IYm-]m-{X-am-Wv. iànbpw kuµ-cyhpw kzmX-{´y-Zm-lhpw iqÀ¸-W-Jsb

XmbvIp-e-¯n thdn-s«mcp IYm-]m-{X-am-¡p-¶p. Xsâ cmPm-hn-t\-bpw, Ipe-

t¯bpw hyàn-]-c-amb thZ-\-bnepw XIÀ¨-bnepw AhÄ HmÀ¡p-¶p. bp²-

¯n\p Imc-W-¡m-cn-bmb koXsbt¸mepw Xsâ kv{Xo]-£¯p \nÀ¯m³

iqÀ¸-W-Jbv¡p Ign-bp-¶p. Xsâ k´Xkl-Nm-cn-bmb Atbm-ap-Jn-tbmSv

koX-sb-¡p-dn¨v At\z-jn-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS AXv hyà-am-¡p-¶p. GXv kaq-l-

¯nepw FÃm \nba kwln-X-Ifpw kv{XoIÄ¡v FXn-cm-sW¶ bmYmÀ°yw

kmdm-tPm-k^v XmbvIp-e-¯n Fgp-Xn-tNÀ¡p-¶p.

tNmZy-§Ä

1. XmbvIp-e-¯nse iqÀ¸-WJ A]m-c-amb iànbpw kuµ-cyhpw Bhm-

ln-¡p¶ IYm-]m-{X-amWv hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-I.

2. koX-sb-t¸mepw kv{Xo]£¯v \nÀ¯m³ iqÀ¸-W-Jbv¡v Ign-bp¶p?

]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I.

28
3. "Ah³ Fsâ Ipe-¯nsâ thc-dp¯p Fsâ \nd-t¯bpw C\-t¯bpw

A]-am-\n¨p'? Bcv? F´p-sIm­v

29
 tamZ-Øn-X-\mb§v hkn-¸q-a-e-t]mse

Fkv.- lcojv

Fgp-¯p-sIm­v Xsâ ka-Im-en-I-tc-¡mÄ Gsd ap¶n \S¶ IYm-Ir-

¯mWv Fkv.-l-cojv. Xo{h-amb a\p-jy-Zpx-J-¯n-sâbpw Iep-jn-X-amb Ime-

¯n-tâbpw Bßm-wi-§-f-t\z-jn-¡p-¶-hsc A¼-c-¸n-¡p¶ IY-I-fmWv At±-

l-¯n-tâ-sX-¶mWv \ncq-]-Im-`n-{]m-bw. "BZw' F¶ IYm-k-am-lmcw 2016-þÂ

tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Zan AhmÀUpw, hn.-]n.-in-h-Ip-amÀ kvamc-I-tIfn

AhmÀUpw tXmakv ap­-tÈcn IYm-]p-c-kvIm-chpw t\Sn. "aoi' F¶ t\mhÂ

henb hnhm-Zs¯ XpSÀ¶v JÞi {]kn-²o-I-cWw \nÀ¯n-h-bvt¡-­n-h-¶p.

1975-þ tIm«bw PnÃ-bn P\n¨ IYm-Im-c³ dh\yq Un¸mÀsaânse Poh-\-

¡m-c-\m-Wv. tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Z-an-bpsS KoXm-ln-c-Wy³ F³tUm-hvsaâv

e`n¨ "cb-hn-Zy-bpsS Ncn{X' amWv BZy-Im-Ym-k-am-lm-cw.

Fkv lco-jnsâ ap³Im-e-I-Y-I-fpsS t]cp-IÄ XnI¨pw km[m-c-W-am-

bn-cp-¶p. Akm-[m-c-W-amb CS-§-fn-te¡pw kµÀ`-§-fn-te¡pw B IY-IÄ

hfÀ¶p hnI-kn-¡p-sa-¦nepw Xe-s¡-«p-IÄ kÀÆ-km-[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-¶p.

F¶m "tamZ-Øn-X-\m-b§v hkn-¸q-a-e-t]mse' F¶ Xe-s¡-«p-Xs¶ ]pXp-a-

bp-Å-Xm-Wv. IY-bm-cw-`n-¡p-¶Xv ]hn-{X-bp-sSbpw A\q]ntâbpw IÃym-W-\n-

Ýb NS-t§m-sS-bm-Wv. {]W-b-¯n-s\m-Sp-hn hyXykvX PmXn¡m-cmb AhÀ

ho«p-Im-cpsS BioÀhm-Z-t¯msS hnhm-ln-X-cm-hm³ X¿m-dm-hp-¶p. ]hn-{X-

bpsS Aѳ N{µ-tam-l³ kz´w ho«nÂh¨v IÃym-W-\n-Ý-bhpw IÃym-Whpw

\S-¯-W-sa¶v IW-¡p-Iq-«p-¶p. Xsâ AÑ-\mb Icp-Wm-I-c\v B hnhmlw

ImWm³ AXm-bn-cn¡pw \Ã-sX¶v AbmÄ Icp-Xp-¶p. hnhm-l-\n-Ý-b-¯n-s\-

¯nb A\q-]nsâ A½m-h³ D®n-am-a³ N{µ-tam-lsâ A\p-P-\mb ]hn-{X-\p-

30
ambn hf-scs¸s«¶v ASp¸w Øm]n-¡p-¶p. ]hn-{X³ lukvt_m-«p-I-fpsS DS-

a-bm-Wv. AhÀ hoSn\p ]n¶n-te¡v t]mbn kzIm-cy-kw-`m-j-W-¯n GÀs¸-Sp-

Ibpw aZy-]n-¡p-Ibpw ]pI-h-en-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbv¡v

PmXnw atXmw Csöpw AhÀ A`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. Imcy-§-sfms¡ ap³Iq«n

Xocp-am-\n-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW¶pw \½Ä AXn-t\mSv hntbm-Pn-¨n«v Imcy-an-söpw

AhcpsS kw`m-jWw \o­p-t]m-Ip-¶p. ]hn-{X-bpsS ho«nse {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-

cp-hnsâ Nn{Xw hc-\mb A\q-]nsâ A½m-h-\mb D-®n-am-a\v A{X ]nSn-¨n-Ã.

B Nn{Xw AhnsS Bh-iy-ap-t­m-sb¶v ]hn-{X-t\mSv D®n-am-a³ kwibw

{]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p. D®n-am-a³ AXn\p ]d-bp¶ ImcWw R§-fpsS ho«p-Im-sc-

Ãm-hcpw hnhm-l-¯n\v hcp-t¼mÄ AX-hnsS ImWp-¶Xv Hcp HuNn-Xy-aÃ

F¶m-Wv. ChnsS IYm-Ir¯v {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hmWv Nn{X-¯n-se¶v t\cn«p

]d-bp-¶n-Ã. ]Icw Icp-Wm-I-c³ {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns\ ImWm³ t]mb IY

Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. A¶v Kpcp-hn-t\mSv tXm¶nb BZcw sIm­v Xsâ ho«nepw

Xm³ \S-¯n-bn-cp¶ IÅp-jm-¸nepwhsc Icp-Wm-I-c³ Kpcp-hnsâ t^mt«m

sh¨n-cp-¶p. IpSn-b-\mb Hcp Ihn _lfw h¨-Xn-s\-¯p-SÀ¶v 40-þmw \¼À

jm¸nse Kpcp-hnsâ Nn{Xw Icp-Wm-I-c³ Xs¶ amän-bn-cp-¶p. B Nn{Xw Ahn-

sS-\n¶v amä-Wsa¶v D®n-am-a³ ]d-bm³ CS-h-¶Xv hÀ¯-am-\-Ime tIc-f-

¯n F{X kPo-h-ambn PmXn-{]iv\w \ne-\n¡p¶p F¶v hyà-am-¡p-¶p-

­v. Kpcp-hnsâ Nn{Xw ]qap-J-¯p-\n¶v amäp-¶-Xn-eqsS {]Xy-£-amb PmXn Hgn-

hm-¡m-sa-¶mWv D®nama³ IW¡p Iq«p-¶-Xv. tIc-f-¯nse PmXnbpw aXhpw

hÀ¯-am-\-Im-e¯v ià-ambn \ne-\n¡p-¶p-s­¶pw Hmtcm PmXn-¡m-c\pw

X\n¡p apI-fn-epÅ PmXn-¡m-c-\mbn Xocm³ kaq-l-Po-hn-X-¯n {ian-¡p-¶p-

s­¶pw IYm-Ir¯v IY-bn-eqsS ]d-ªp-h-bv¡p-¶p. "B\sb' F¶p ]d-bp-

¶Xv tIahpw "Bt\s\' F¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv t¾¨-hp-ambn Bfp-IÄ Icp-Xn-t¸m-

cp-¶Xv `mj-bn F§s\ PmXn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶p F¶p-Å-Xnsâ sXfn-hmbn

31
IYm-Im-c³ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. hyXykvX PmXn-bnÂs¸« c­p-t]À hnhm-ln-X-

cm-Ip-t¼mÄ AXn DbÀ¶ PmXn-¡m-cpsS `mjbpw BNm-c-§fpw hnizm-k-

§-fpsaÃmw IogvPm-Xn-¡mÀ A\p-I-cn-¡m³ {ian-¡p-¶Xv kaq-l-¯n \ne-

\n¡p¶ PmXn-taÂt¡m-bvasb Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m-\mbn IYm-Ir¯v D]-tbm-Kn-

¡p-¶p.

hnhm-l-tijw ]hn-{X-bp-sSbpw A\q-]n-tâbpw IpSpw-_-§Ä Kpcp-hm-bq-

cn-te¡v bm{X-t]m-bn. B\-]-´nbpw aäpw I­p-h¶ AhÀ tlm«Âap-dn-bnÂ

Xma-k-am¡n ]ntä-¶p-WÀ¶v A\q-]nsâ AÑ\pw ]hn-{X-bpsS AÑ-\mb N{µ-

tam-l\pw {]`m-X-Ir-Xy-§Ä \S-¯n. N{µ-tam-l³ ]Ãp-tX¨p Ignªv {_jv

Ac-bn apt­m-Sp-tNÀ¯v I¯n-t]mse Ip¯n-\nÀ¯n-bXv A\q-]nsâ Aѳ

IuXp-I-t¯msS t\m¡n. sNdp-¸-¯n I­ ]\-I-b-ä-¡m-c³ Ipª-¸s\

HmÀ½-h-s¶-¦nepw Abm-fXv a\-Ên Xncp-¯n F¶ IYm-Ir-¯nsâ BJym-\-

¯n-eqsS F{X-sbms¡ H¶m-hm³ {ian-¡p-t¼mgpw a¡Ä `mcym-`À¯m-¡-·m-

cm-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mgpw PmXn-t_m[w F§s\ {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶p F¶p ImWn-¡p-

¶p-­v. AXp-sIm-­mWv kzm`m-hn-I-ambn Ac-bn Xncp-Inb {_jv ]\-I-b-ä-

¡m-csâ I¯n-btà F¶ kwibw a\-Ên tXm¶n-b-Xv. I¯n A{]-Imcw

h¨v tPmen-sb-Sp¯ HmÀ½-bn-emWv {_jv hbv¡p-¶-sX¶ Nn´-X-s¶-bmWv

PmXn-t_m-[-ambn AhnsS {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xv. Xsâ ]g-b-ho-«nse Kpcp-hnsâ

Nn{Xw N{µ-tam-l\v FSp-¯p-I-f-tb-­n-h-cp-¶p. NnX-ep-]n-Sn¨ B Nn{Xw Kpcp

]dª Hcp PmXn Hcp aXw Hcp ssZhw a\p-jy\v F¶ B]vX-hm-Iyhpw NnX-

e-cn-¡p¶ Ime-am-WtÃm CXv F¶v HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.

tNmZy-§Ä

32
1. Fkv.-l-cojv IY-bn {]Xy-£-¯n ]d-bmsX ]tcm-£-ambn kaql

bmYmÀ°y-§sf Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. DZm-l-c-W-k-lnXw hyà-am-¡pI

2. Fgp-¯p-Im-csâ kzmX{´yw tNmZyw sN¿-s¸-Sp¶ hÀ¯-am-\-Im-e-

¯mWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶Xv Fkv. lco-jnsâ cN-\-Isf Bkv]-Z-am¡n

hni-Z-am-¡p-I.

3. D®n-am-a³ F´p-sIm-­mWv Npa-cnse Nn{Xw FSp-¯p-am-äm³ A`n-{]m-

b-s¸-«-Xv. "tamZn-Øn-X-\m-b-§p-h-kn-¸q-ae t]mse' F¶ IYm-k-µÀ`w

ap³\nÀ¯n hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-I.

33
 samUyqÄ 3

kmtIXw

kn. F³. {ioI-WvT³ \mbÀ

1928 amÀ¨v 31\v Xncp-h-\-´-]p-c¯v P\n-¨p. ]T-\-Im-e¯v kzmX{´y

ka-c-{]-hÀ¯-\-§-fn-teÀs¸-«p. 1948  AJn-te´y hnZymÀ°n tIm¬{K-

Ênsâ {]kn-Uâm-bn. tZi-_Ôphmcn-I-bp-tSbpw tIcf`qj-W-¯n-tâbpw

]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp-¶p. 1950 Ifn At±lw \mS-I-c-N\ Bcw-`n-¨p. X\Xp \mS-

Iw, {]l-k-\-kz-`m-h-ap-ff \mS-I-§Ä, kmaq-lnI \mS-I-§Ä, cmam-bW

IYsb Bkv]-Z-am-¡n-bp-ff \mS-I-§Ä F¶n-§s\ At±-l-¯nsâ \mS-I-

§sf XcwXncn-¡mw. Im©-\-ko-X, kmtI-Xw, e¦m-e£van F¶n-h-bmWv

At±-l-¯nsâ cmam-b-W-\m-S-I-{X-bw. \mS³Iem]mc-¼cyw Xsâ \mS-I-

§fn k¶n-th-in-¸n-¡m³ {ioI-WvT³\mbÀ¡v Ign-ªp. CXn-lmk IYm-]m-

{X-§sf AXp-ey-]-cm-{I-an-I-fmbn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw Ah-cnse am\p-jnI

ZuÀ_-ey-§Ä FSp-¯p-Im-Wn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶Xv kn. F¶nsâ {]tXy-I-X-

bm-bn-cp-¶p. cma-t\bpw cmh-W-t\bpw koX-tbbpw I­p ]cn-Nbn¨ cq]-§-

fn \n¶pw hyXy-kvX-am-b ]m{X-§-fm-¡m³ kn. F¶n\v Ign-ªp.

\mS-I-kw-{Klw

IYm-]m-{X-§Ä

Zi-c-Y³ þ alm-cm-Pmhv

hkn-jvT³ þ Ipe-Kpcp

kpa-{´À þ a{´n

34
 Kpl³ þ kma-´-cm-Pmhv

{iocm-a³ þ bph-cm-Pmhv

e£va-W³ þ cmasâ ktlm-Z-c³

Iukey þ cmP-am-Xm-hv, cmasâ A½

ssItIbn þ `c-Xsâ A½

koX þ cmasâ ]Xv\n

aÙc þ hr²-Zmkn

A¦w 1

H¶mw A¦¯n kq{X-[m-c³ kZ-Êns\ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sN¿p-¶p.

kq{X-[m-c-\m-bm am{Xw t]mc \mS-I-¯n thjhpw sI«-W-sa-¶mWv Cu

\mS-I-Ir-¯n\v \nÀ_Ôw F¶v kq{X-[m-c³ kZ-Ên-t\mSv ]d-bp-¶p. kc-

bqhnsâ Xoc-¯p-ff km{am-Py-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw AhnsS DbÀ¶p \n¡p¶ aWn-

ku-[-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw Nn{X-hn-am-\-Kr-l-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw NXz-c-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw

sIm«m-c-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw shffw Xqhn ]qhn-cn¨ cmP-ho-Yn-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw

kwKoX kZ-Êp-Isf¡p-dn¨pw At±lw ]d-bp-¶p. AXmWv Atbm²y!

C£zmIp-hnsâ hwi-¯n ]nd¶ Zi-c-Y³ ChnsS cmPm-hm-Wv. hoc\pw hniz-

\m-Y-\p-am-sW-¦nepw Zp:Jw Zi-c-Y\pw D­m-bn. Zi-c-Ysâ ]«-a-lnjn Iuk-

eybvt¡m CjvS-]Xv\n ssItI-bnbvt¡m aq¶m-as¯ ]Xv\n kpan-{Xbvt¡m

350 Hmfw hcp¶ aäp Zbn-X-amÀt¡m Ip«n-I-fp-­m-bn-Ã. ""]p{X-tim-I-¯mÂ

\obpw acn¡pw'' Fs¶mcp im]w Zi-c-Y\v Gän-«p-­v. Cu hnjm-Z-¯nÂ

\n¶pw c£-t\-Sm³ hkn-jvT-a-lÀjn-bpsS D]-tZ-i-{]-Imcw ]p{X-Im-ay-bv¡v

bmKw \S-¯n. A§s\ Iuk-eybv¡v cma\pw ssItI-bnbv¡v `c-X\pw kpan-

{Xbv¡v e£va-W i{Xp-Lv\-·mcpw P\n-¨p. AtXmsS Hma-Â-]p-{X³ Hfnb-t¼äv

35
]nS-bp-t¼mÄ Zp:Jw Xm§m-\m-hmsX i]n¨ hr²-Xm-]-ksâ s]m«nb

I®pIÄ Zi-c-Y³ ad-¶p.

a{´n-bmb kpa-{´À {]th-in¨v cmas\ bph-cm-Pm-hmbn A`n-tjIw

sN¿m-\p-ff Hcp-¡-§Ä \S-¯m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. ZqX-·mÀ Cu hmÀ¯

Adn-bn-¡m³ hnhn[ Zn¡p-I-fn-te¡v ]pd-s¸-Sp-¶p. Ipe-Kpcp hkn-jvT-a-lÀjn-

bpsS imk\w cmP-[m-\n-bn ap-g-§p-¶p. cmPm-`n-tj-I-¯n-\p-ff hkvXp-¡Ä

At±lw sIm­p-h-cm³ ]d-bp-¶p. cmP-[m-\n-bn BtLm-j-§Ä¡p-ff X¿m-

sd-Sp-¸p-IÄ \S-¡p-¶p. hkn-jvT-tâbpw kpa-{´-cp-tSbpw Acn-In-te¡v cmasâ

amXmhv Iuk-ey- F-¯n-t¨-cp-¶p. cma³ cmPm-hm-Ip-¶-Xnse Af-hä

kt´mjw Iukey Adn-bn-¡p-¶p. `c-Xs\ cmPm-hm-t¡­n hcptam, ssItI-

bn¡v Zi-cY³ sImSp¯ hcw ]men-t¡­n hcptam F¶n-§-s\-bp-ff i¦-

IÄ Iukey hkn-jvTs\ Adn-bn-¡p-¶p. cmas\ adn-I-S¶v cmPm-hm-Im³ `c-

X³ CjvS-s¸-Sn-söv hkn-jvT³ Iuk-ey-tbmSv ]d-bp-¶p.-am-Xp-esâ cmP-[m-

\n-bn ]mÀ¡p-¶ -`-c-X-t\-bpw i{Xp-Lv\-t\bpw Cu \nÝbw Adn-bn-

t¡­Xmbn-cp-¶ntà F¶v Iukey tNmZn-¡p-¶p. Kpcp-hns\ `àn-]qÀÆw \a-

kv¡-cn-¨p-sIm­v cma³ {]th-in-¡p-¶p. kt´m-jm-[n-Iy-¯m Iukey "Cu

A½bv¡v Ct¸mÄ FÃm ku`m-Ky-§fpw XnIªp' F¶v IWvT-an-Sdn ]d-bp-

¶p.

bph-cm-Pm-hmbn A`n-tj-Iw sN¿-s¸-Sp¶Xn\p ap¼v AÑ-\mb Zi-c-

Ys\ kµÀin¨v cma³ A\p-{Klw hm§p-¶p. Zi-c-Y³ Aip-`-§fpw tLmc-

§fpw \mw kz]v\-¯n ZÀ-in-¡p-¶p-sh¶pw \nan-¯-§Ä ip`-aà F¶pw ]d-

bp-¶p. alm-hn-jvWp-hns\ {]mÀ°n¨v Hcp ]m]hpw Rm³ sNbvXn-«n-söpw

Aev]-\mÄ IqSn X\n¡v Bß-iàn \ÂI-W-sa¶pw ]d-bp-¶p. cma³

knwlm-k\w Ae-¦-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Xm³ hm\-{]Øtam ac-Wtam hcn¨p

36
sImffmw F¶pw Zi-c-Y-³ ssIIq-¸p-¶p. cma-t\mSv koXsb Cu hntijw

Adn-bn-¨ntà F¶v Zi-c-Y³ tNmZn-¡p-¶p. FÃmw A½sb [ym\n-¨p-sIm­v

\nÀÆ-ln-¨p-sIm-f-fm³ D]-tZ-in-¨p-sIm­v Zi-c-Y³ e£va-Ws\ hnfn¨v

tPyjvT\v `{Z-ambn Imh \n¡m³ ]d-bp-¶p. Zi-c-Ys\ hW§n cma\pw

e£va-W\pw t]mIp-¶-tXmsS H¶mw A¦w Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶p.

A¦w 2

kÀÆm-e-¦mc hn`q-jn-Xbpw kpµ-cn-bp-amb ssItIbn a©-¯n-Â InS-

¡p-¶p. buÆ\w a§n-bn-«n-Ã. Iq\p-sIm­v hncq-]-bmb hr² aÙc {]th-in-

¡p-¶p. ""`mKyw sI« tII-b-¯nsâ ]p{Xn \o Cs¶mcp ]gw-I-Y-bm-Wv. \nsâ

kuµcyw GtXm aqVsâ kz]v\-am-bn-cn-¡pw. hnizw Pbn-¨p-sh¶v \o Al-¦-

cn¨p. kÀÆ-cmepw i]n¡-s¸«v Ct¶m \msftbm s]mf-fp¶ hnP-\-`q-anbnÂ

A\m-Y-bmbv \o Aeªv Xncn-bpw.'' aÙ-c-bpsS Cu hm¡p-IÄ tI«v

ssItIbn tIm]-t¯msS "aÙtc' ! F¶p hnfn-¨p. aÙc XpSÀ¶p. ""\nsâ

Ian-Xm-hp-­tÃm? \nsâ Ifn-¡n-Smhv B hr²³ \nt¶bpw \nsâ ]nXm-hn-

t\bpw \nsâ ]p{X-t\bpw h©n-¨p.'' ""]nimtN \nÀ¯q. Cu \in¨ Iq\nÂ

C{Xbpw ZpjvS-Xtbm cma³ Fsâ-bpw aI-\mWv. Fsâ ape-¸m Ah\pw

\pIÀ¶n-«p-­v. F\n¡pw Bcy-]p-{X\pw Atbm-²ybv¡pw Ah³ {]nb-¦-c³.''

C{Xbpw ]d-ªn«pw a\-Êp-am-dm¯ ssItI-bnsb Icw {Kln-¨p-sIm­v

aÙc A\p-\-bn-¸n-¨p-sIm­v kwkm-cn-¡p-¶p. ""A½-sb-t¸mepw a¡Ä ad-¡p-

¶p. ]ns¶-bmtWm Hcp A\y kv{Xosb HmÀ½n¡pI. N]e hnIm-c-§-fnÂ

\nsâ hnthIw DSªv NnX-dn-t¸m-bn. \o temssII kpµ-cn. km{am-Py-§Ä

Cu Ime-Sn-I-fn {]W-an-¡pw. F¶n«pw \nsâ GI ]p{X\v IncoSw \ÂIm³

cmP-am-Xm-hnsâ Øm\w Ae-¦-cn-¡m³ Cu kuµcyw \n\¡v D]-I-cn-¨n-Ã-tÃm.

\nsâ aI\v cmPyw `cn-¡m³ anSp-¡n-söv \o Icp-Xp-¶pt­m? Zi-c-Y³

37
\n\¡v cmPipev¡w \ÂIn-bXv \o adt¶m? FhnsS cmPyw? \nsâ ]p{X\v

cmPyw In«ntbm? Aiz-]Xn C¶n-Ã. F¦nepw \nsâ tPyjvT³ bp[m-Pn¯v

tNmZn-¨m \o F´p kam-[m\w ]d-bpw.'' C§s\ \nc-h[n tNmZy-§Ä

tNmZn¨v aÙc ssItI-bn-bpsS a\-Ên k½À±hpw i{Xp-Xbpw cmPy-tam-

lhpw DuXn-hoÀ¸n-¡p-¶p. Iuk-Ãybpw aäpw ssItI-bnsb kÀÆmwKw Np«p-

s]m-f-fn¡pw F¶ -a-Ù-c-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯n\v cmasâ [À½-\njvT F\n¡v

Ih-N-am-bn-cn¡pw F¶v ssItIbn adp-]Sn ]d-bp-¶p.

aÙ-c, cmP-am-Xm-hmbn BÚm-]n-t¡­ ssItIbn F´n-\mWv

[À½w bmNn-¡p-¶Xv F¶p tNmZn-¡p-¶p. `c-X\p ]c-tZ-it¯m ]c-tem-

It¯m A`bw tXtS­n hcpw F¶pw `b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. Ah-km\w aÙ-c-

tbmSv ssItIbn C\n-sbmcp c£m-amÀ¤hp-antà F¶v Bcm-bp-¶p. \nsâ

aIs\ c£n-¡m³ \nsâ kuµ-cy-¯n\v C\nbpw Ignbpw F¶v aÙc ]d-bp-

¶p. \obm-Ip¶ hiy-h-k-´-¯nsâ el-cn-bn tImkew Ipcp§n hog-W-

sa¶v B Zmkn D]-tZ-in-¡p-¶p. AsÃ-¦n \o P·w sImSp-¯-h³ \o aqew

sImÃ-s¸-Sp-sa¶pw Nmc-·m-cm NXn-bm HmSn-tbmSn XfÀ¶v `oI-c-amb

sImSpw Xa-Ênsâ \nÈ_vZ bma-¯nsâ Hcp ZpjvS aplqÀ¯-¯n \nsâ

{]nb-s¸« ]p{X³.. CXp tI« ssItIbn s]m«n-¡-c-ªp-sIm­v aÙ-csb

i]n-¡p-¶p. tII-b-¯n Ipcp¯ Cu \©p-acw CSn-hm-fm NnX-dn-s¯-dn-¡-

s«. C{]-Imcw tIm]n-jvT-bmb ssItIbn ka-\ne hos­-Sp-¯p. sshIn-t¸m-

sb¶pw cma\v A`ntjIw \nÝ-bn¨p Ign-ªp-sh¶pw C\n ipev¡w tNmZn-

¨m Atbm-²ybv¡v Akz-Ø-am-bn-cn¡pw ^e-sa¶pw AhÀ ]d-ªp. `c-X³

\mSp-hm-gp-t¼mÄ Ie-l-an-Ãm-Xn-cn-¡m³ cmas\ ImSp-hm-gm³ hnS-W-sa¶v aÙc

]d-ªp. \o Iev]n-¨m cmPmhv Poh³ hsc shSn-bp-sa¶v ss[cyhpw sImSp-

¯p. cma³ Zi-c-Ysâ Poh-\m-sW¶pw ]d-ªp. ""F¶m DWcq \obmWv

amb, \obmWv iàn De-I-§Ä Cu Ime-Sn-I-fn NX-ª-c-bs«''sb¶v

38
aÙc hocyw ]I-cp-t¼mÄ ssItIbn tIm]w sIm­v Nph¶v B`-c-W-§Ä

hen¨p ]dns¨-dn-bp-¶p. apSn-s¡«v NnXdn¨v apJw cm£-ko-b-am-Ip-¶p. aÙc

A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-Ibpw Zi-c-Y³ {]th-in-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. ssItI-bnbpsS

`mh-hy-Xymkw Zi-c-Y³ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶p. AbmÄ t{]a-]-c-h-i-\mbn ssItI-bn-

tbmSv kwkm-cn-¡p-¶p. B kabw ssItIbn cmas\ Im«n-te¡v Ab-¡-W-

sa¶pw `c-Xs\ cmPm-hm-¡-W-sa¶pw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. X\n¡v \ÂIm-sa-t¶-

ä -cm-P-ipev¡s¯ HmÀ½n-¸n-¡p-¶p. CXn-\p-ap¼v Hcp hchpw Xsâ \mY-\nÂ

\n¶v Bh-iy-s¸-«n-«n-söpw ssItIbn HmÀ½n-¸n-¡p-¶p. Zi-c-Y³ \Sp-¡-

t¯msS cm£ko! F¶p Ae-dp-¶p. cmas\ cmPm-hm-¡m-sa¶v Xm³ hm¡p

]d-ª-Xm-sW¶pw AXn \n¶v ]n³am-dm³ km[n-¡n-söpw Zi-c-Y³ ]d-

sª-¦nepw Bßm-lqXn {]Jym-]n¨v ssItIbn Bhiyw t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶p.

cmas\ Im«n-te¡v Ab-¡p-¶Xv XS-bm³ Zi-c-Y³ ]cn-{i-an-s¨-¦nepw \ncp-]m-

[nIw ]cm-P-b-s¸-«p. B cm{Xn ]pe-cm-Xn-cp-s¶-¦n-se¶v Zi-c-Y³ B{K-ln-¨p-

t]m-bn. DZ-b-¯n cma\pw kpa-{´cpw Zi-c-Ysâ ]f-fn-b-d-bn-se-¯n. cma-

t\mSv Xsâ cmP-ip-ev¡-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]d-bmt\m cma³ Im«n-te¡v t]mI-W-

sa¶v ]d-bmt\m Zi-c-Y\v iànbp­m-bn-Ã. CXp a\-Ên-em-¡nb ssItIbn

cma-t\mSv Xm³ Xs¶ ]d-btWm F¶p tNmZn-¨p. Xm³ cmPm-hm-bn-cn-¡p-

t¼mÄ C¯-c-¯n-semcp kmlkw Bh-iy-an-söv AbmÄ ssItI-bnsb

hne-¡n. Zi-c-Y³ cma-t\mSv Imcy-§Ä hnh-cn-¨p. kpa-{´À KZvK-Z- I-WvT-\mbn,

Zi-c-Y³ Zp:Jw AS-¡n-¸nSn-¨p. Hcp \nan-js¯ \ni-_vZ-X-bv¡p-tijw cma³

X\n¡v C{X henb in£ hn[n-¡m³ A½-bmb ssItI-bn-tbmSv F´p

sXämWv sNbvX-sX¶v, tNmZn-¨p. sXsäm¶pw sNbvXn-söpw Im«n-em-sW-

¦nepw Xsâ {]mÀ°\ IqsS-bp-­m-Ip-sa¶pw ssItIbn Adn-bn-¨p. Zi-c-Y³

t]mbn Ign-ª-t¸mÄ kpa-{´À ssItI-bn-tbmSv Cu A]-cm[w Hcn-¡epw

s]mdp-¡m³ Ign-bm-¯-Xm-sW¶v Bt{Im-in-¨p. cmP-tk-h-I³ Xsâ \ne¡v

39
\n¡-W-sa¶v ssItIbn BÚm-]n-¨p. Zic-Y³ hr²-\m-sW-¦nepw iàn-

lo-\-s\-söv kpa-{´sd HmÀ½n-¸n-¨n«v ssItIbn Ip]n-X-bmbn t]mIp-¶p.

Cu kabw e£va-W³ {Ip²-\mbn {]th-in-¡p-¶p. A\p-P\v \mSpw tPyjvT\v

ImSpw GXv bmRvP-hÂIy³ hn[n-¨p F¶v tNmZn-¡p-¶p. A§-bpsS ]nXmhv

Xs¶-sb¶v kpa-{´À adp-]Sn ]d-bp-¶p. "A[n-Imaw sIm­v AÔ-\mb

kv{XoNn-Xsâ hr²-¸n-¨p-IÄ Rm³ am\n-¡p-¶n-Ã.'

FÃmw ssZh-\n-Ý-b-am-sW¶pw C¶-sehsc Hma ]p{X-\m-bn-cp¶

cma³ C¶v A\y-\m-sb¶pw ssZhw ssItI-bn-bpsS \mhn DZn¨v A`n-

tjIw apS-¡n-sb¶pw kpa-{´À e£va-W-t\mSv ]d-bp-¶p. GXv Cuizc-\m-

bmepw C¶v Xt¶mSv tXm¡p-sa¶pw ssZhhpw hn[nbpw AÀ°-iq-\y-amb

kzm´z-\-§Ä am{X-am-sW¶pw A`n-tjIw apS-¡n-b-hÀ Btcm AhÀ I¯p-

dt¦m ImtSm ac-Wtam hcn-¡-s«. cma\v buh-cmPyw am{X-aà cmPyw Xs¶

\ÂIpw FhnsS tII-b-¯nsâ Ifn-¸mh F¶v Zi-c-Ys\ Dt±-in¨v e£va-

W³ tNmZn-¨p. hmfqcn apt¶m«v \S¶ e£va-Ws\ XSªv kpa-{´À ""A§-

bpsS [À½-tcmjw £{Xnb hoc-·mÀ¡v DNnXw Xs¶ ASn-b-\m-bn-cp-¶mepw

CXp-Xs¶ sN¿p-I-sbm-Åq. Atbm-²y-bnse cmPmhv Ac-£n-X-\Ã

Ft¶mÀ¯v sImÅpI Ftâ-X-S¡w Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\v Xe-IÄ Acn-ªp-ho-

gv¯ntb Ipam-c\v A´x-]p-c-¯n-te¡v F¯m³ km[n¡q F¶v kpa-{´À ]d-

ªp. A§v A{K-P\pw F\n¡v _lp-am-\y-\p-am-Wv. kmlkw AcpXv F¶v

e£va-W³ {]Xn-h-Nn-s¨-¦nepw Zi-c-Y³ {]Xy-£-s¸«v Ipam-csâ Ic-hmÄ

Bß-_-Ô-§Ä¡v Imh-em-Is« F¶p ]d-ª-t¸mÄ e£va-Wsâ ssIIÄ

XfÀ¶v JUvKw Xmgp-¶p. ]p{Xsâ `oI-c-amb apJw GXp ]nXm-hn\v

Bizmkw \ÂIpw F¶v ]dªv Zi-c-Y³ kmh-[m\w \S-¶p-a-d-bp-¶p. cma³

Im«n-te-¡mWv t]mIp-¶-sX-¦n Ducnb Cu hmÄ cmhpw ]Iepw cmas\

40
c£n¨p \n¡pw F¶v e£va-W³ {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶-tXmsS c­mw A¦w Ah-

km-\n-¡p-¶p.

A¦w 3

kq{X-[m-c³ {]th-in-¡p-¶p. Atbm-²y-bnse s]cp-¼-d-IÄ \ni-_vZ-am-

bn. P\w sXcp-hn \ng-ep-t]mse ]Xn-¨p. cmPyw \ntj-[n-¡-s¸« cmasâ

[À½ ]Xv\n A´x-]p-c-¯nsâ ]pdt¯ Xf-¯n A£-a-tbmsS Im¯p-

\n¡p-¶p. ""Cuiz-c³ F´n\v Cu sNdp-{]m-b-¯n B Ip«nsb C§s\

]co-£n-¡p-¶Xv'' C§s\ tNmZn-¡p-¶p. B ka-b¯v cma³ AhnsS F¯n-

t¨À¶p. koXsb I­-t¸mÄ "Rm³ Atbm-²y-¡p-th­n am¸n-c-¡p-¶p'-sh¶v

cma³ ]d-ªp. "GXp km{am-Py-t¯-¡mfpw A§mWv F\n¡v hep-sX'¶v

koX cma-t\mSv ]d-ªp. "IpSbpw tXcp-an-sÃ-¦n Bcy-]p-{Xs\ F\n¡v am{X-

ambn In«p-sa¶v BËm-Zn¨v A´-]p-c-hm-Xn-ev¡Â Xs¶ Rm³ Im¯p-\n¡p-

I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.' ""]Ån-t¯-cn AI¼-Sn-tbmsS hs¶-¦n tZhn BËm-Zn-¡p-am-

bn-cp-¶ntÃ'' F¶ tNmZy-¯n\v ""At¸mgpw Rm³ BËm-Zn¡pw Fsâ

BËmZw A§m-Wv. ]c-ip-cm-as\ tXm¸n¨ hoc-Ip-am-c³ Inco-S-§Ä¡v Ae-

¦m-c-am-Wv. Atbm-²ybv¡v B `mKy-an-sÃ-¦nÂ'' F¶v koX ]d-ªp-\nÀ¯n.

Hcp ]mTw ]Tn-s¨¶pw Imaw Xs¶-bmWv [À½mÀ°-§sf¡mÄ iàw

Atbm-²y-bnse cmPm-¡-·mÀ kv{Xobv¡v th­n cmPyw tlman-¡m-Xn-cn-¡s«

F¶v cma³ {]Xn-h-Nn-¨p. `c-X-s\-¡p-dn¨v tNmZn¨ koXtbmSv A{K-P³

Im«nepw Aѳ hmÀ²-Iy-¯nepw HSp-§n-bm Ah\v Hä IpS-]n-Sn¨v hmgm-

sa¶pw kar-²-amb tImkew Ahsâ BÚm-ko-a-bn AaÀ¶p-sIm-Åp-

sa¶pw cma³ ]d-bp-¶p. X\n-¡-Xn hnjm-Z-an-söpw ImSn-\p-Ånse ]Ån-b-d-

bn Xm³ GI-\m-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶ hnjmZw am{X-ta-bp-Åq-sh¶pw cma³ Iq«n-

t¨À¯p. cma-\p-s­-¦n koXbv¡v ImSpw kzÀ¤-am-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶pw Xm³

41
XoÀ¨-bmbpw F{X Imehpw Im«n cma\v Iq«m-bn-cn-¡m-sa¶pw koX ]d-bp-

¶p. Xs¶ hne-¡-cp-sX¶pw A§n-Ãm¯ \mSmWv ChÄ¡v ImsS¶pw A§-

tbmsSm¯pÅ AS-hn-hmkw Atbm-²y-bn Xma-kn-¡p-¶-Xn\p XpÃy-am-bn-cn-

¡p-sa¶pw koX ]d-bp-¶p. B ka-b¯v Ahn-tSbv¡v e£va-W³ {]th-in-¡p-

¶p. Xm\n-hnsS \n¡p-¶Xv Atbm-²ybv¡v B]-¯m-sW¶pw [À½-¯nsâ

`ocpXzw Ft¸mgpw c£-bm-In-söpw cma-t\mSv ]d-bp-¶p. AXn-\m Im«n-

te¡v Rm\pw hcp¶p F¶v e£va-W³ {]XnÚ sN¿p-¶p. Zm\-[À½-

§Ä¡p-th­n e£va-W³ t]mIm³ Xncn-bp-t¼mÄ IukÃy {]th-in-¡p¶p.

Iuk-Ãysb I­v e£va-W³ ]c-h-i-\m-Ip-¶p. CXv Atbm-²y-bpsS I®o-cm-

sW¶v A{K-P³ (cm-a³) Adn-b-W-sa¶pw Cu I®oÀ XpS-bv¡msX GXv

Im«n Hfn-¨n«pw ]pWy-an-söpw e£va-W³ ]d-bp-¶p. AXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn

cma³, ""tNcm¯ Inco-S-a-Wn-bm³ Fsâ A½ Bin-¡p-I-bnÃ'' F¶p ]d-bp-

¶p. AXp-tI« IukÃy Xm³ A\p-`-hn-¡m-hp¶ ZpxJ-¯nsâ Aebpw

Npgnbpw IS-¶p-h-¶-h-fm-sW¶pw C\n-sbm-gp-¡m³ Cu I®n A{ip-¡Ä

tijn-¨n-«n-Ãm-sb¶pw ]d-bp-¶p. koX-tbmSv ""`mKyw-sI« s]¬Ip«n Cu ZpxJ-

I-S-ensâ \Sp-hn \obpw F´n\p Xpg-sª¯n F¶pw F\n¡v ]«-a-lnjn

]«w F¦nepw D­m-bn-cp-¶p. \o Fs¶-¡mfpw ]m]ntbm? aIsf ZpxJn-X-bmb

asäm-cp-hÄ Atbm-²y-bv¡p-th­n \nt¶mSv am¸n-c-¡p-¶p.'' CXp-tI« cma³

""B kv{Xosb Biz-kn-¸n-¡m³ BÀ¡pw Ign-bp-I-bnà Imew Xs¶ B ]co-

£Ww \S-¯-s«.'' F¶v Iuk-Ãy-sb-¡p-dn¨v ]d-bp-¶p. cwK-thZn Ccp-fp-Ibpw

cma\pw koXbpw ad-bp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

cma\pw koXbpw Im«n-te¡v t]mIp¶Xn\p ap³]mbn AhnsS

ssItIbn {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp-¶p. Im«n aq¶p-t]À¡pw [cn-¡m-\pÅ ac-hpcn

ssItIbn AhÀ¡p \ÂIp-¶p. Cu temIw Cu A½sb Ipä-s¸-Sp-¯p-

sa¶pw \nc-`-b-amb temIm-]-hm-Zhpw ZpjvIoÀ¯nbpw ssItI-bn¡v Ccp-«d

42
]Wn-bp-sa¶pw F¦nepw D®n-IÄ¡v Cu A½ awKfw t\cp-¶p-sh¶pw

ssItIbn ]d-bp-¶p. aK-[-]p{Xnbv¡v anSp-¡p-­m-bn-cp-s¶-¦n Rm\pw cmPm-

hm-Ip-am-bn-cp¶psh¶v e£va-W³ {Ip²-\m-hp-¶p. cma³ e£vaWs\ XS-bp-

¶p. Ahn-tSbv¡v hkn-jvT³ {]th-in-¡p-¶p. cmasâ ]nXr-kvt\lw Atbm-

²ysb B]-¯nÂ\n¶pw c£n-¨p-sh¶pw Atbm-²y-sb-¡mfpw cma³ DbÀ¶n-

cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶pw al-XvIÀ½-§fpw alm-kn-²n-Ifpw \n\-¡p-th­n Im¯n-cn-

¡p-¶p-sh¶pw awKfw `hn-¡s« F¶pw hkn-jvT³ ]d-bp-¶p. Ah-cpsS

ssI¿n ac-hpcn I­-t¸mÄ AXv F´n-s\¶v hkn-jvT³ tNmZn-¡p-¶p.

Im«n AXm-Wp-Nn-X-sa¶v cma³ ]d-bp-¶p. cmPm-¡-·mÀ A§s\ sN¿m-dn-

söv hkn-jvT³ HmÀ½n-¸n-¨p. ImSp-hm-gp¶ cma\v ac-hp-cn-bmWv DNn-X-sa¶pw

ac-hpcn Xm³ k½m-\n-¨-Xm-sW¶pw ssItIbn ]d-bp-¶p. hXv¡ew Nptä­

\nÀ`mKyw koXbv¡v h¶n-«n-söpw AhÄ A\m-Y-b-söpw `À¯m-hns\

]n³Xp-S-cp¶ kzm[n-bmWv koX-sb¶pw kÀÆm-`-c-W-§fpw [cn¨v k´p-jvS-

bmbn k©-cn-¡m³ AhÄ¡v Ah-Im-i-ap-s­¶pw hkn-jvT³ ssItI-bn-

tbmSv ]d-ªp. bm{X ]pd-s¸-Sm³ ka-b-am-b-Xp-sIm­v cmakoXm e£va-

W³amÀ t]mIp-¶p.

ssItIbn hkn-jvT-t\mSv h¡ew [cn¨ cma\v h¡ew [cn¨

koX \¶m-bn-W-§p-sa¶v ]cn-lm-k-t¯msS ]d-ªp. koX ac-t¯mepw Npän

Cu \K-c-ho-Yn-bn-eqsS \S-¶m Atbm-²y-bnse P\-§Ä [À½w £bn-¨-h-c-

Ãm-¯-Xp-sIm­v `h-Xnbpw `À¯mhpw Bß-c-£bv¡v Ah-sc-¯s¶ A`bw

{]m]n-t¡-­n-hcpw F¶v hkn-jvT³ HmÀ½n-¸n-¨p. ssItIbn At¸mÄ

alÀjn Fs¶ i]n-¡p-¶p­m-hp-sa¶p ]d-ªp. hkn-jvT³ XpSÀ¶p. Zi-c-

Ysâ Xma-k-`m-h-am-Wp-\o. kz´w kXz-c-P-kvXtam KpW-§sf¯s¶ Zi-c-

Y³ ]cn-W-bn-¨p. kXyw Iuk-ey-bnepw hocyw kpan-{X-bnepw IuSneyw

\n¶nepw IpSn-sIm-Åp-¶p. F¶m ssItIbn ]p{X-h-Õ-e-bmb amXm-hnsâ

43
kmlkw A§p s]mdp-¡-W-sa¶v At]-£n-¨p. s]mdp-t¡-­Xv `À¯mhpw

ssItI-bn-bpsS Bßm-hp-am-sW¶v hkn-jvT³ {]Xn-h-Nn-¨p. B ka-b¯v

£oWn-X-\mbn Zi-c-Y³ {]th-in-¡p-¶p.

ssItI-bn-tbmSv Zi-c-Y³ cmas\ Im«nÂhn-Sm-\pÅ I¸-\-bnÂ\n¶v

]n³am-dm³ Bk¶ ac-W-amb ico-c-¯nsâ A´ym-t]-£-t]mse Ah-km-\-

ambn At]-£n-¡p-¶p. CÃ! F¶p ]dª ssItI-bn-tbmSv cmas\ Ggp-\mÄ

IqSn Atbm-[y-bn ]mÀ¡m³ A\p-h-Zn-¡-W-sa¶v Zi-c-Y³ A`yÀ°n-¡p-¶p.

CsXm¶pw Ip«n¡fn-b-söp ]dªv Zi-c-Ysâ A`yÀ°-\-Isf AhÀ XÅn-

¡-f-bp-¶p.

bm{Xm-ap-lqÀ¯w hs¶¯n tXcv sXfn-¡m³ kpa-{´À X¿m-dm-bn-h-¶p.

Xsâ ssIIÄ Cu aplqÀ¯-¯n XfÀ¶p-t]m-Ip-s¶¶v kpa-{´À Zi-c-Y-

t\mSv ]d-ªp. kqX\pw Aam-Xy\pw cmPmhpw Xf-cm³ ]mSn-söpw Atbm-

[y-bpsS {]nb ]p{X³ kÀÆm-Uw-_-c-§-tfmSpw IqSn Im«n-te¡p ]pd-s¸-S-s«.

\mew-K-¸-Sbpw \nc-h[n ]cn-P-\-§fpw [\n-I-fmb hWn-¡p-Ifpw ImSp-Np-äp¶

thS-·mcpw AkwJyw ]uc-P-\-§fpw D®nsb AI-¼Sn tkhn-¡-s«. [\-

[m\y `Þm-c-§fpw Nc-¡p-Ifpw bm{Xm-kwLw kw`-cn-¨p-sIm-Ås« F¶v Zi-

c-Y³ kpa-{´-tcmSv ]d-ªp.

ssItIbn cmasâ bm{Xbv¡v X¿m-sd-Sp-¸p-IÄ \S-¯p-¶Xv I­v

Akw-Xr]vXn Adn-bn-¡p-¶p. AXp-tI«v Zi-c-Y³ IqSp-XÂ \ncm-i-\m-Ip-¶p.

hkn-jvT³ CS-s]«v kwkm-cn-¡p-¶-tXmsS Zi-c-Y³ im´-\m-Ip-¶p. bm{Xbv¡v

X¿m-dmbn cma\pw kwLhpw ac-hpcn [cn-s¨-¯p-¶p. Zi-c-Y³ ITm-c-h-en-¨qcn

AXv sN¿n¨ ssItI-bnsb t\cn-Sm³ Nn´n-¡p-¶p. Ai-à-\mbn ITm-c-Xn-cn-

sI-h¨v cma-t\mSv ]t­ acn¨ Xs¶ sImÃm³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. AXv ]nXr-l-

Xy-bm-hn-söv Iq«n-t¨À¡p-¶p. AXp-tI« ssItIbn kXyw ewLn-¡m³

44
Xsâ Igp-s¯-Sp-¡p¶XmWv ip`-sa¶v hmZn-¡p-¶p. cma³ CsXÃmw tI«v

C£zm-Ip-hnsâ hwi-¯n ]nd¶h\v tNmc-bn ap§nb Cu IncoSw tNcp-I-

bn-söpw `c-X³ Atbm[y `cn-¡-s«-sb¶pw ImSnsâ `wKn cma³ Bkz-Zn-¨p-

sIm-Åm-sa¶pw ]Xn-\mep kwh-Õ-c-§Ä¡ptijw aS-§n-sb-¯m-sa¶pw

]dªv cma³ bm{X-bm-Im³ XpS-§p-¶p. hkn-jvT³ cmas\ A\p-{K-ln¨v \o

hnizw Pbn-¡m³ ]nd-¶-h-\m-sW¶pw kma-´-\mb Kpl³ \ns¶ KwK-bpsS

adp-I-c-bn-se-¯n-¡p-sa¶pw KwKbpw bap-\bpw kwK-an-¡p¶ {]bm-K-bn `c-

Zzm-P-ap-\nsb I­p-h-µn-¡-W-sa¶pw At±lw XpSÀamÀ¤w \nÀt±-in-¡p-Ibpw

sN¿p-sa¶pw ]d-bp-¶p.

Iukey Ahn-sS-sb¯n aq¶p-t]scbpw A\p-{K-ln-¡p-¶p. AÑsâ

kXyw ]men-¨n«p hc-W-sa¶pw cma³ Atbm-[y-bnÂh¶v cmPm-hm-Ip-¶Xv

ImWm³ A½ Im¯n-cn-¡p-sa¶pw Iukey ]d-bp-¶p. FÃm-h-scbpw hµn¨v

koXm-cm-a-e-£va-W-·mÀ t]mIp-¶p. Zi-c-Y\pw Iuk-eybpw am{Xw AhnsS

Ah-ti-jn-¡p-¶p. AtXmsS cwK-thZn Ccp-fp-¶p.

cmas\ bm{Xm-bm-¡m³ t]mb kpa-{´À aS-§n-sb¯n Zi-c-Y³ AXoh

Xmev]cyt¯msS Imcy-§Ä At\zjn¨-dn-bp-¶p. ChnsS h¶v cmasâ bm{Xm-

hn-ti-j-§Ä Adn-bn-t¡­ _m[yX CÃm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n KwK-bn Xm³

Bßm-lpXn sNbvtX-s\-sb¶v kpa-{´À Zi-c-Y-t\mSv ]d-ªp. Zi-c-Y\pw

Iuk-Ãybpw ZpxJ-t¯msS H¯p-t¨-cp-¶p. IukÃy sIm«m-c-ap-ä¯p ZpxJ-

t¯msS \n¡p¶ P\-§sf Biz-kn-¸n-¡m³ kpa-{´-tcmSv Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p.

Zi-c-Ysâ Icw {Kln¨ IukÃy ]p{X-Zpx-J-¯m Ic-bp-¶p.

kma´ cmPm-hmb Kpl³ {]th-in-¡p-¶p. ZpxJw Xm§m-\m-hmsX Zi-c-

Y³ B kplr-¯n-t\mSv hne-]n-¡p-¶p. H¶pw an­m-\m-hmsX Kpl³ Xcn-¨n-cp-

¶p-t]m-Ip-¶p. Kpl³ t]mb-tijw Iuk-Ãy-bpsS ssI]n-Sn¨v Xsâ a\-ÊnÂ

45
sXfnªp h¶ ]gb im]-IY HmÀs¯-Sp-¡p-¶p. B\- Xp¼n¡¿n shÅ-

sa-Sp-¡p-I-bm-sW¶p IcpXn i_vZw tI« Zn¡n-te¡v As¼-bvXp. AXv sN¶p

Xd-¨Xv Hcp ap\nIpam-csâ ico-c-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p. ImgvN-bn-Ãm¯ AÑ-\-½-

amÀ¡v shÅ-sa-Sp-¡m³ h¶ km[p. ap\n-Ip-am-c³ ]d-ª-X-\p-k-cn¨v B AÑ-

\-½-amsc Rm\-hn-sS-sb-¯n¨p. Rm³ am¸n-c¶p F¶mepw \obpw ]p{X-tim-I-

¯m acn-¡p-sa¶v AhÀ i]n-¨p. AhÀ B Ipam-csâ NnX-bn NmSn acn-

¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C\n c£m-amÀ¤-anà im]-^ew Rm\-\p-`-hn-¡p-I-bm-bn.

kvt\l-[\-cmb {]P-Isf ImWm-s\-gp-t¶ä Zi-c-Y\v Xsâ ImgvN

\jvS-am-bXv a\-Ên-em-hp-¶p. IukeytbmSv Zi-c-Y³ A¡mcyw ]d-bp-¶p. `c-

X-s\bpw i{Xp-Lv\s\bpw At\z-jn¨ Zi-c-Y³ Iuk-Ãy-bpsS ssI]n-Sn¨v

sIm«m-c-¯nsâ apI-fn \S-¡p-¶p. Iuk-ey-tbmSv Xsâ IqsShc-cp-sX¶v

BÚm-]n-¡p-¶p. Iukey Ic-ªp-sIm­v \n¡p¶p A´-amb Ime-{]-hm-

l-¯n-te¡v hÀ®n-¡m-\m-hm¯ thZ-\-I-tfmsS Zi-c-Y³ \S¶p ad-bp-¶p.

kq{X-[m-c³ {]Xy-£-s¸«v C£zm-Iphpw Znen-]\pw Ah-km\w \S¶

hgn¡v B kqcy-hwi cmPmhpw \S-¶p-sh¶pw arXyp-hn-te-¡pÅ hgn-bnÂ

]m]w Cd-¡n-h-bv¡m³ Xmhfw tXSn Zi-c-Y³ \S-¶psh¶pw ]d-bp-¶p. Ccp-

fn ssIIÄ Bªm-ªp-g-dn, HSp-hn GtXm shfn¨w Is­-¶-t]mse

tamln-¨p-X-fÀ¶p hoWp-a-cn-¨p. acWw B Xmhfw Bbn-cn-¡mw. ]m]w

AhnsS Cd-¡n-shbv¡pw. ]t£ a\p-jy³ F´n\v Cu ]m]-`mcw t]dp-¶p.

F¶p ]d-ªp-sIm­v \mSIw Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶p.

46
tNmZy-§Ä

1. kn.-F³.-{io-I-WvT³ \mb-cpsS cmam-b-W-{X-b-¯n kmtIXw \mS-Io-

b-X-sIm­pw NSp-e-amb kw`m-j-W-§ÄsIm­pw F§s\ anI-¨p-

\n¡p-¶p.

2. Zi-c-Y³ kmtI-X-¯n-se-¯p-t¼mÄ cmPm-hp-am-{X-aà ]m]-t_m-[w-

sIm­v s]mdp-Xn-ap-«p¶ a\p-jy³Iq-Sn-bmWv hne-bn-cp-¯p-I.

3. ssItIbn kml-N-cy-§-fpsS Cc-bmWv þ hyà-am-¡p-I.

4. Atbm-²y-bnse s]cp-¼-d-IÄ \nÈ-_vZ-ambn P\w sXcp-ho-Yn-bnÂ

\ngÂt]mse ]Xn¨p kµÀ`w Fgp-Xp-I.

47
 samUyqÄ 4

Hcp knµq-c-s¸m-«nsâ HmÀ½

H.-hn.-hn-P-b³

t\mh-enÌv, sNdp-I-Ym-Ir-¯v, cmjv{Sob Nn´-I³, ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I³

F¶o \ne-I-fn {]i-kvX³. sNss¶ {]kn-U³kn tImtf-PnÂ\n¶v

Cw¥ojv Fw.-F.-_n-cpZw t\Sn-b-tijw Ipd-¨p-Imew tImtfPv A[ym-]-I-\m-bn.

it¦gvkv ho¡n-en-bnepw t]{Sn-b-änepw ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I-\mbncp¶p. t\mhÂ,

IY, teJ-\w, ImÀ«q¬ hn`m-K-§-fn-embn 28 IrXn-IÄ. tIc-f-km-lnXy A¡m-

Zan AhmÀUv, hb-emÀ AhmÀUv, Fgp-¯-ѳ ]pc-kv¡m-cw, ]ß-`q-j¬

(2003) F¶nh e`n¨p 2005 amÀ¨v 30-þ\v A´-cn-¨p.

amÀIvknÌp ]mÀ«n-¡-I¯v \S-¯p¶ ip²o-I-cW {]{Inb AÔm-fn-

t¸m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Xm³ t\m¡n-¡m-Wp-¶-sX¶v H.-hn.-hn-P-b³ "Hcp knµq-c-s¸m-

«nsâ HmÀ½' F¶ Ipdn-¸n ]d-bp-¶-Xv. tIc-f-¯nse CS-Xp-]£ {]Øm-\-

¯nsâ auenI ka-kysb Cu ip²o-I-cW {]{In-b¡v kv]Àin-¡m³ Ign-

ªn-«nà F¶v hnP-b³ hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. 1957þ X©m-hq-cnse tImtf-PnÂ

]Tn-¸n-¨p-sIm-­n-cp¶ hnP-b³ G{]n 5þmw Xn¿Xn {]n³kn-¸Â A\p-h-Zn-¡m-

Xn-cp-¶n«pw Ahn-sS-\n¶v eosh-Sp¯v ]me-¡mSv F¯p-¶p. tIc-f-¯nse

BZys¯ a{´n-k` C.-Fw.-F-knsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n A[n-Im-c-ta¡p-¶-Xnsâ

A`n-am-\hpw kt´m-j-hp-am-bn-cp¶p hnP-bs\ Chn-sS-sb-¯m³ t{]cn-¸n-¨-Xv.

"R§-fpsS IpSpw_w A[n-Imcw ]nSn-¨p-]-än-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.' "Fsâbpw

i¦-c³ \¼q-Xncn¸mSnsâbpw G.-sI.-tKm-]m-e-tâbpw Ipªn-cm-a³ amÌ-dp-

sSbpw ]me-¡ms« AkwJyw IÀj-I-s¯m-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sSbpw Iq«p-Ip-Spw_w

48
F¶v {]n³kn-¸-en-t\mSv ]d-bm³ tXm¶nb hmN-I-§-fnÂ\n¶v hnP-b³ F{X-

am{Xw ]pXnb Hcp I½yq-WnÌv hyh-ØnXn kz]v\w I­p F¶p sXfn-ªp-h-

cp-¶p. s{Sbn-\n ]cn-N-b-s¸« F³.-kn.-kn. DtZym-K-Ø-\mb kn¡p-Im-c-t\mSv

"R§Ä¡v Hcp ]pXnb a{´n-k-`-bp-­m-¡m³ t]mIp-I-bmWv' F¶v hnP-b³

]d-ª-Xn-eqsS F{X-am{Xw {]Xo-£m-\nÀ`-c-am-bmWv At±lw \m«n-te¡p aS-

§p-¶-sX¶v hyà-am-Ip-¶p.

tdUn-tbm-bn B Znhkw C.-Fw.-F-kv.-\-S-¯nb {]kw-K-¯nsâ ImX-

emb `mKw hnP-b³ HmÀs¯-Sp-¡p-¶p. "R§Ä CjvS-s¸-Sm¯ Hcp `c-W-L-S-

\-bpsS Iogn-emWv R§Ä¡v {]hÀ¯n-t¡-­n-h-cp-¶Xv' F´mWv B A\n-

jvS-sat¶m A[n-Imcw CjvS-am-bn-sÃ-¶mtWm A[n-Im-cs¯ {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-

¯p-¶Xv A\n-jvS-am-sWt¶m F´m-sW¶v AXv tI«p-sIm-­p-\n¶ BÀ¡pw

sXfn-ªp-In-«n-bn-Ã. Ccp-«n-Xp-S-§nb sXcp-hn-eqsS {]I-S\w tIm«-ssa-Xm-\n-bn-

te¡p \o§n.

\njn-²-amb Adn-hp-IÄ

a{´n-k` A[n-Im-c-taäv aq¶p ]Xn-äm-­p-IÄ¡p-tijw I½yq-WnÌv

{]Øm-\-¯nsâ t\«-§fpw hyY-Ifpw ip²o-I-c-W-§fpw Hs¡bpw apXnÀ¶

t\Xm-¡-·m-cpsS kzImcy hyh-lm-c-§-fmWv. A\-´-c-h-·mÀ¡p-t]mepw B

Adn-hp-IÄ \njn-²-am-Wv. C§s\ \ntj-[n-¡-s¸« Adn-hp-IÄ F§s\ {Kma-

¯n\pw tZi-¯n\pw \m«n³]pd-¯n\pw {]m]y-am-Ip-sa¶v hnP-b³ kwibw

{]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p.

asämcp cmPy-¯n-sâbpw asämcp P\-X-bp-sSbpw A\p-`-h-¯nsâ `mcw

Chn-sS-bp-Å, hnZq-c-amb tIc-f-¯nse I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀ«n Npa-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-

¶p. bp²-ta-Je-bn-eqsS AS-¨n« Xoh-­n-bn k©-cn¨v djy-bn-te-¡p-h¶

se\nsâ cl-ky-X, Ahn-izm-kw, ]«m-f-¨n« Ch-sbÃmw kzÑ-ambn efn-X-ambn

49
Pohn¨ Hcp P\-X-bpsS ta ASn-t¨Â¸n-¡-s¸«p F¶Xv Hcp bmYmÀ°y-

amWv. AXn\v Bscbpw Ipä-s¸-Sp-¯m³ h¿. ]t£ sXäns\ Icp-¸n-Sn-¸n¨

a\-Êns\ \ymbo-I-cn-¡p¶XneqsS AXym-ln-X-§Ä¡v hgn-sbm-cp-¡-ep-IÄ

kw`-hn-¡p-¶p.

amÀIvkpw se\n\pw I­n-«n-Ãm¯Xpw Adn-ªn-«n-Ãm-¯-Xp-amb \nc-

h[n kml-N-cy-§-fmWv C´y³ I½yq-Wnkw t\cn-«-Xv. tIc-f-¯n\v In«nb

A[n-Im-c-t¯mSv {Inbm-ß-I-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-¡m³ AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ Cu

{]Øm-\-¯n\p Ign-ªn-Ã. AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ {]Øm-\-¯n\v aµ-K-Xnbpw

XfÀ¨bpw XpS-§p-¶p. se\n³ Fdn-ªp-X¶ Xo¸-´s¯ Gäp-hm-§m³ `mc-

X-¯nsâ kzmXzn-I-Xbpw [mÀ½n-I-Xbpw ]cym-]vX-am-bn-cp-¶nà F¶pw

ImWmw.

C.-Fw.-F-kv.

\ap¡v Hcp {Kmwjntbm, tXmen-bm-¯n-tbm, s_Àenw-K-tdm, Imcn-

temthm CÃmsX t]mbn. \½psS t\Xm-hmb C.-Fw.-F-kn\v {]Xn-_-²-Xbpw

bph-Xz-apÅ a\Êpw D­mbn-cp-s¶-¦nepw ktµ-l-§Ä¡¸p-d-t¯¡p t\m¡m-

\pÅ, AXn Bthiw sImÅm-\p-apÅ X¿m-sd-Sp¸v At±-l-¯nsâ hyàn-

L-S-\-bn-ep-­m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. B \ne-bn-te¡v Db-cm-hp¶ Bsc-¦nepw C´y³

I½yq-WnÌv {]Øm-\-¯n D­m-bn-cp-¶-Xmbn X\n¡v Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-¶n-

söv hnP-b³ HmÀ¡p-¶p.

Ph-lÀem s\lvdp kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-bn sI.-Zm-tam-Z-c-t\m-sSm¸w

kwkm-cn-¨n-cp¶ Imew hnP-b³ HmÀs¯-Sp-¡p-¶p. ASn-b-´n-cm-hØm

Ime¯v tPmen \jvSs¸«v I½yq-WnÌv {]Øm-\-s¯-Xs¶ shdp¯ Ime-

¯nÂ\n¶v sI.-Zm-tam-Z-c³ F¶ hn¹-h-Im-cn-bpsS kmXzn-I-k-tµ-l-§Ä Xs¶

I½yq-Wn-k-¯n-te¡v Xncn-¨p-h-cm³ t{]cn-¸n-¨p F¶v hnP-b³ HmÀ¡p-¶p.

50
]qÀ®-N-{µ-tPm-jn-sb¶ kJm-hn\v akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb tcmKw _m[n¨v

XfÀ¨ t\cn-«-tXmsS At±-l-¯n\v A[n-I-Imew Pohn-¡m³ Ign-bn-söv Dd-

¸m-bn. At±lw hnP-b-t\mSv ]Sw hcbv¡pI-bm-sW-¦n ]mÀ«n sse\n\v

AI¯p am{Xta \ns¶ hc-bv¡m³ k½-Xn¡q F¶p ]d-ªp. taml³Ipam-

c-aw-K-es¯¡pdn¨v Øe-Ime \nÝ-b-an-ÃmsX tPmjn kwkm-cn-¨p-sIm-­n-cp-

¶p. AXnÂ\n¶v F\n¡v a\-Ên-em-bXv hn¹-h-¯n\pw hn¹-h-Im-cn¡pw hb-Êm-

Ip¶p. A\p-I-¼bv¡pw kvt\l-¯n\pw th­n \ne-hn-fn-¡p¶p F¶p-Å-Xm-

Wv.

Ncn-{X-¯n-te¡v Xncn-ªp-t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ amÀIvkn-b³ hn[n-¡-\p-k-cn¨v

Hcp hn¹hw Fhn-sS-sb-¦nepw \S-¶n-«pt­m F¶p tNmZn-t¡-­n-h-cp-¶p.

HIvtSm-_À hn¹hw amÀIvkv hn`m-h\w sNbvX amÀ¤-¯n-eq-sS-bà AhnsS `c-

W-amäw kw`-hn-¨-Xv. bp²w aSp¯ ]«m-f-¡mcptSbpw X§-fpsS Irjn-\n-e-§-

fpsS kzImcy DS-a-Øm-h-Imiw B{K-ln¨ `qc-lnX IÀj-I-cp-sSbpw

ss\kÀ¤n-I-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-¯n-eq-sS-bmWv `c-W-amäw kw`-hn-¨-Xv. {_n«ojv

apX-em-fn¯w tkmjy-en-k-¯n\p hgn-am-dp-sa¶ amÀIvknsâ {]h-N\w ^en-

¨n-Ã. AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ {_n«-\n hn¹hw \S-¶nà F¶v hnP-b³ Nq­n-¡m-

«p-¶p.

{]Xo-I-h-XvIr-X-am-Ip¶ hn¹hw

djy-bnse ØnXn-K-Xn-IÄ hne-bn-cp-¯p-t¼mÄ AhnsS Hcp ¢mÊn-¡Â

hn¹hw \S-¶n-Ã. hnaX [zwk-\-¯n-eqsS Ìmen³ ssN\-bn Hcp ¢mÊn-¡Â

hn¹-h-am-bn-cp¶p \S-¶Xv F¶v hcp-¯n-XoÀ¡pI am{X-amWv sNbvX-Xv. hym]-

I-amb Pm¸phntcm-[w, km{am-PyXzhn-tcm[w, {]`p-¡-fpsS Imep-amäw, tKm{X-

hÀ¤-§-fpsS Imep-amäw C§s\ GsX-Ãmtam iàn-I-fpsS BsI-¯p-I-bm-bn-

cp¶p ssN\okv hn¹-hw. hnbäv\mw hn¹-h-IY bYmÀ°-¯n aª a\p-

51
jy\pw shfp¯ a\p-jy\pw X½n-epÅ Gäp-ap-«-em-bn-cp-¶p. hnP-b-¯n-\p-

tijw I½yq-Wn-Ìp-ImÀ t\XrXzw sImSp¯v Ncn-{X-I-Y-\-¯nsâ kaqÀ¯

knw_-ep-Isf {]Xn-jvTn-¨p. Iyq_-bnepw GXm­v CXp-X-s¶-bmWv \S-¶-Xv.

Ing-¡³ bqtdm-¸n-s\-bm-Is« tkmhn-bäv ssk\yw hntam-Nn-¸n-¨p.

Fhn-sS-bmWv hn¹hw \S-¶-Xv? knw_-ep-I-fpsS _mly-X-e-¯nÂ,

amÀIvkn-k-¯nsâ _mly-X-e-¯nÂ, Fhn-sSbpw hn¹hw \S-¶n-Ã. F¶mÂ

a\p-jy-hn-Im-c-§-fpsS AaqÀ¯-X-bn [mÀ½n-I-X-bn amÀIvkn-k-¯nsâ

Dį-e-§-fn hn¹hw kZm sImSp-¼n-cn-s¡m-Åp-¶p.

`mc-X-¯nsâ {]mNo-\-X-bnÂ, kzX-{´-X-bpsS Xpd-Ên amÀIvkn-k-

¯nsâ AaqÀ¯-amb DuÀÖs¯ {]th-in-¸n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p 1957-þsâ Ncn-

{X-]-c-amb IS-a. B IS-a-bn-te-¡-h-X-cn-¨p-t]m-Im³ Ign-bm-¯n-S-t¯mfw Imew

A¨-S-¡hpw ip²o-I-c-Whpw ta¸-dª Xm{´n-I-kwXr]vXn-bn am{Xw

Iem-in-¡pw.

tNmZy-§Ä

1. ""R§Ä CjvS-s¸-Sm¯ Hcp `c-W-L-S-\bv¡p Iogn-emWv R§Ä¡p

{]hÀ¯n-t¡-­n-h-cp-¶-Xv''. kµÀ`hpw Bi-bhpw hyà-am-¡p-I.

2. H.-hn.-hn-P-b³ hn¹-h-]-cm-P-b-§sf hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-sX-§s\?

3. I½yq-Wnkw C´y³ kml-N-cy-§-fn-te¡v ]dn-¨p-\-Sp-t¼mÄ D­m-

¡p¶ {]iv\-§sf hnP-b³ hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-sX-§s\?

52
 jmtcm-Wnse tdmkm-¸q-¡Ä

ssh¡w N{µ-ti-J-c³\m-bÀ

1928-þÂ P\n¨ ssh¡w N{µ-ti-J-c³\m-bÀ t\mh-en-Ìv, \mS-I-Ir-¯v,

]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I³, {]mkw-K-I³ F¶o \ne-I-fn {]i-kvX-\m-bn-cp-¶p. tIc-f-

`q-j-Ww, ae-bmf at\m-c-a, ]uc-{]-`, tIc-fw, P\-bpKw F¶n-h-bn {]hÀ¯n-

¨p. I½yq-WnÌv {]Øm-\-¯nepw AXnsâ kmln-Xy-þ-kmw-kvIm-cn-I-hn-`m-K-

¯nepw kPoh {]hÀ¯-I-\m-bn-cp-¶p. kwKo-X-\m-SI A¡m-Zan sNbÀam³

F¶ \ne-bn {]hÀ¯n-¨n-cp-¶p. thtZ-Xn-lm-k-§-fpÄs¸sS `mc-Xo-b-ZÀi-\-

§-fnepw ]mÝm-Xy-ZÀi-\-¯nepw \nc-´-c-]-T\w \S-¯n-bn-cp¶ ssh¡w N{µ-

ti-J-c³\m-bÀ kwKoXw, Nn{X-I-e, A`n-\bw F¶n-h-bn-seÃmw XXv]-c-\m-bn-

cp-¶p. "Pmcq-Krlw' F¶ \mS-I-¯n\v kmlnXy A¡m-Zan AhmÀUv e`n-¨p.

A£-c-§Ä F¶ kvac-Wm-k-am-lm-c-¯nse `mK-amWv "jmtcm-Wnse tdmkm-

]q-¡Ä'.

ASp-¯-Sp¯ tlm«Âap-dn-bn Xma-kn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶ ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I-

\mb ssh¡w N{µ-ti-J-c³ \mbcpw {InkvXn³ Alvtdm³ F¶ bcp-itew

Imcnbpw I­p-ap-«n-b-t¸m-gp-­mb HmÀ½-I-fmWv Cu kvac-W-bn ssh¡w ]d-

bp-¶-Xv.

{InkvXn³ Alvtdm³ ]p©n-cn¨t¸mÄ bcp-i-te-anse ]pjv]-h-\-§-sf-

¡p-dn¨v teJ-I\v HmÀ½-h-¶p. AhnsS bpK-§Ä¡pap³]v hncnª tdmkm-¸q-

¡-fpsS hnImcw At±-l-¯nsâ a\-Ên-te¡p IS-¶p-h-¶p.

"Rm³ km[m-c-W-cnÂ\n¶p hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp Sqdn-ÌmWv' F¶v

{InkvXn³ ]d-ªp. ASp¯ apdn-bn Hcp ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I³ Xma-kn-¡p¶p

53
F¶dnªn-«mWv B bphXn ssh¡s¯ At§m«v £Wn-¨-Xv. Ah-cpsS

ap³]n Ccp-¶-t¸mÄXs¶ Ah-cpsS t]cp-t]mse Fs´m-s¡tbm {]tXy-I-

X-I-fpÅ Hcm-fmWv Ah-sc¶p tXm¶n. Ah-cpsS \mSv bcp-itew BsW¶v

AhÀ ]d-ªp.

"Fsâ Aѳ ]«m-f-¯nse Hcp F©n-\o-b-dm-bn-cp-¶p. At±lw 1958-þÂ

Hcp A]-I-S-¯nÂs¸«p acn-¨p. A½ Fsâ GI-k-tlm-Z-c-\mb tamtjm

Alvtdm-\p-sam¯v sS Aho-hn ]mÀ¡p-¶p. Fsâ ktlm-Z-c³ Hcp

tImtfPv A[ym-]-I-\m-Wv. A½ {InkvXy\pw Aѳ blq-Z-\p-ambncp¶p. CXp-

aqew R§Ä Iptd IjvS-X-IÄ A\p-`-hn-¨n-«p-­v. Fsâ Cu ]cy-S\w

A½bv¡pw ktlm-Z-c\pw CjvS-s¸-«n-«n-Ã. Fsâ bm{X-bpsS clkyw AhÀ¡-

dnbmw. AXmWv AhÀ¡v FXnÀ¸v'. C{Xbpw ]dªv AhÄ Xqhm-e-sIm­v

apJw H¶p-IqSn XpS-¨p.

\n§-fpsS kµÀi-t\m-t±iyw F´m-sW¶p ]d-bmtam F¶p tNmZn-¨-

t¸mÄ Rm³ "IhnX ]d-bp-I-bÃ' F¶ apJ-hp-c-tbmsS "Rm³ kvt\ln¨

a\p-jys\ tXSn Cd-§n-b-Xm-sW¶pw At±-ls¯ Is­-¯n-bn-söpw C\n

Is­-¯m³ Ign-bp-sa¶v hnizm-k-an-söpw Rm³ aS-¡-bm-{Xbv¡v Xocp-am-\n-

¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW¶pw AXv bcp-i-te-an-te-¡-söpw bdp-i-te-ansâ \mb-I-

\mb ]nXm-hnsâ \m«n-te-¡m-sW¶pw AhÄ teJ-I-t\mSv ]d-ªp. Xm³ ]d-

ªXv a\-Ên-emtbm F¶-hÄ tNmZn-¨p.

a\-Ên-em-bnà ankv Alvtdm³ F¶p ]dª teJ-I-t\mSv Cu `qan-

bnÂ\n¶v asämcp `qan-bn-te¡v Xm³ bm{Xbmhp-I-bm-sW¶pw Rm³ Fsâ

PohnXw Dt]-£n-¡m³ t]mhp-I-bm-sW¶pw Rm\-Xns\ Bß-l-Xy-sb¶v

hnfn-¡n-söpw Fs¶ kw_-Ôn¨v AÀ°w \jvS-s¸« Hcp `mcw Npa-¶p-

54
sIm­v \S-¡m³ X¿m-d-söpw C¶se cm{Xn A½-tbmSpw ktlm-Z-c-t\mSpw

AXp ]d-ªp-d-¸n-s¨¶pw Ah-tcmSv am¸-t]-£n-s¨¶pw AhÄ ]d-ªp.

\n§Ä ]d-bp-¶Xv kXy-amtWm F¶v Ft¶mSv Fsâ a\Êv tNmZn-

¡p¶p F¶v teJ-I³ ]d-ªp. Xm³ ]d-bp-¶Xv kXy-am-sW¶pw amÀ¨v amk-

¯n F\n¡v Fsâ bqWn-th-gvknän ]n.-F-¨v.Un _ncpZw \ÂIp-sa¶pw

"tkm{I-«okv XpS§n alm-ßm-Km-Ôn-h-sc-bpÅ alm-a-\-Êp-I-fn IqSn A\p-

kr-X-am-Ip¶ hniz-a-\x-km£n' BWv Fsâ ]n.-F-¨v.Un hnj-b-sa¶pw

{InkvXn³ ]d-ªp. IrXy-ambpw `{Z-ambpw Nn´n-¡m-\n-jvS-s¸-Sp¶ a\-ÊmWv

FtâXv. ]t£ AhnsS kq£n¨ Gähpw hne-s¸« hkvXp \jvS-s¸-«p-sh-¶-

dnªv Rm³ aS-§n-t¸m-hp-I-bm-Wv.

ac-W-¯n-te¡v hgp-Xn-ho-gm³ \n¡p¶ B bph-Xnsb F§s\ c£n-

¡-W-sa-¶-dn-bmsX teJ-I³ Ipg-§n. \n§sf hn«p-]n-cnª B a\p-jysâ

t]sc-´mWv F¶ tNmZy-¯n\v

"ken ap¡ÀPn'

F¶-hÄ adp-]Sn ]d-ªp. 1961-þ ken ap¡ÀPnbpw Rm\p-ambn ]cn-

N-b-s¸«p tbmÀ±m³\Zn-bpsS Xoc¯v h¨v kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-bn \n¶v Hcp Sow

]pcm-hkvXphIp-¸p-ambn tNÀ¶v {]hÀ¯n-¡m³ t]mb-Xm-Wv. Nn{X-Im-c-\mb

kenÂap¡ÀPn Ahn-sS-sb-¯n-t¨À¶p c­m-gvN-sIm­v ]ncn-bm-\m-hm¯hn[w

R§Ä ASp¯p. bdp-i-te-an-te¡p aS-§p¶ Rm\pw, C´y-bn-te¡p Xncn-¨p-

t]m-Ip¶ ken ap¡ÀPnbpw Pohn-X-¯n Hcn-¡epw ]ncn-bp-I-bn-söpw

F´p t¢ihpw ka-chpw kln¨p R§Ä Hcp-an¨p Pohn-¡p-sa¶pw ASp¯

th\¡m-e¯v Im_q-fn h¨v ImWm-sa¶pw R§Ä Bkq-{XWw sNbvXp

AXv km[n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ho­pw R§Ä ]ncn-ªp. UÂln-bnse

^vfmän-en-cp¶v XmPval-ensâ at\m-hn-Imcw t]dp¶ Hcp-]mSv I¯p-IÄ

55
At±lw F\n-s¡-gp-Xn. 1961 apX 65 hsc \mep-hÀj¡mew R§Ä `qan-

bpsS c­-ä-¯p-\n¶v ]c-kv]cw kvt\ln-¨p. ken-en\v Hcp aq¯ ktlm-Zcn

am{Xta DÅp-sh¶v At±lw Fs¶ Adn-bn-¨p. Rm³ A½-tbmSv ap³t]

R§-fpsS _Ôw Xpd¶p ]d-ªn-cp-¶p. GtXm temI-¯pÅ Hcp a\p-

jys\¸än Xsâ aIÄ Ft´m ]d-bp-¶p-sh¶v B A½ [cn¨p If-ªp. 1965-

þ\v tijw ken s]mSp-¶s\ \ni-_vZ-\mbn I¯p-IÄ¡v adp-]Sn h¶n-Ã. 66

Unkw-_-dn A{]-Xo-£n-X-ambn Hcp I¯p-h-¶p. Fs¶ HmÀ¡p-¶p-s­¶pw

ad-¶n-«n-söpw \mKmÀÖp-\-sKm-­-bn-te¡v t]mIp-I-bm-sW¶pw t_mws_-

bnse Cu Øe¯p Ønc-Xm-a-k-am-¡p-sa-¶p-amWv I¯n-ep-­m-bn-cp-¶-Xv.

AXp-sIm-­mWv Hcp amk-¯n-\p-ap³]v Rm\n-hnsS h¶p-tNÀ¶-Xv. CXp ]d-

ªp-\nÀ¯nb {InkvXnsâ I®p-IÄ \\-sªm-gp-In.

anÌÀ ken ap¡ÀPn¡v F´p kw`-hn-¨p-sh-¶mWv \n§Ä Adn-

ªXv F¶ tNmZy-¯n\v At±-l-¯n\v H¶pw kw`-hn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡s« F¶pw

\mKmÀPp-\-sKm­bn sN¶-t¸mÄ ken Ahn-sS-\n¶pw t]msb¶pw Adn-

ªp. t_mws_-bn-se-¯nb Rm³ c­m-gvN-¡mew At±-ls¯ At\z-jn-¨-e-

ªp. Ct¸mÄ Cu tlm«-en-se¯n CXnsâ 15-þmw \¼À apdn-bn At±lw

Xma-kn-¨n-cp-¶p. \mep-amkw ap¼v At±lw Chn-sS-\n-¶p-t]m-bn.

Ft§m«v

Adn-bnà \mep-amkw ap³]v sP sP kv¡qÄ Hm^v BÀSvknsâ sXm«-

Sp-¯pÅ Hcp `h-\-¯nÂh-¨mWv ken-ensâ hnhmlw \S-¶-Xv. B

s]¬Ip«n Hcp Nn{X-Im-cn-bm-Wv. AsXÃmw kv¡qÄ Hm^v BÀSvknse

hnZymÀ°n-IÄ Ft¶mSp ]d-ªp. keo Ct¸mÄ ]gb ^vfmän-em-bn-cn-¡mw,

XmPva-l-ensâ kao-]s¯ at\m-l-c-amb DZym-\-¯n-em-bn-cn¡mw, kn\n-am-im-e-

bn-em-bn-cn¡mw. ]pjv]-§Ä \ndª Xmgvhmc-§-fn Fhn-sS-sb-¦n-epw......

56
AtÃ, kplrt¯? bdp-i-te-anse Cu s]®v Im¯n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v HmÀ½n-¡p-

hm³ C¶v ken-en\v kabw ImWn-Ã...-C-{Xbpw ]d-ª-t¸mÄ ankv

{InkvXnsâ i_vZw H¶n-Sdn AhÀ AXv kzbw \nb-{´n-¨p.

Rm³ Ca-bn-f-b-¡msXbncp¶p kvt\ln¨ Hcm-ßm-hnsâ Zmlhpw

£oWhpw apgp-h\pw ankv Alvtdmsâ i_vZ-[m-c-bv¡p-Ån F\n-¡\p`-h-s¸-

«p. Rms\´p sN¿m-\mWv `qan-tbmSv bm{X-]-d-bm³ X¿m-dmb Hcp bph-Xn-

bmWv Xsâ ap¶n-en-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. {InkvXn³ Fsâ apJ-¯p-X-d-¸n¨p t\m¡n-

s¡m­p ]d-ªp. kplrt¯ Rm³ C{Xbpw t\cw _p²n-ap-«n-¨-Xn £an-¡-

Ww. \n§Ä Hcp \à a\p-jy-\mWv Fsâ ZpxJw Rm³ ]d-ªp. \ap¡v

]ncnbmw F\n-¡ev]w hn{i-an-¡-Ww.

Fsâ ]n¶n hmXn-e-S-bp-¶Xv tI«v Rm³ ]n³hm-§n. B cm{Xn

Rm\p-d-§n-bnà sXm«-Sp¯ apdn-bn ankv Alvtdm³ InS-¸p-­v. AhnsS Hcp

i_vZtam A\-¡tam CÃ. AhnsS F´p kw`-hn-¨n-cn-¡pw. XWp¯ {]`m-X-

¯n kq«vtI-kp-sa-Sp¯v teJ-I³ Xoh-­n-bm-¸o-kn-te¡v \S-¶p. ac-W-

¯nsâ KÔw Bßm-hn CS-bv¡nsS DbÀ¶p s]m§p-¶-Xmbn tXm¶n.

c­p-Zn-hkw apgp-h³ Rm³ Akz-Ø-\m-bn-cp-¶p. aZn-cm-in-bn Atim-

Im-tlm-«-en-en-cp¶v cmhnse Rm³ C´y³ FIvkv{]kv ]{X¯n B

hmÀ¯ hmbn-¨p.

"Pqlp-hnse IS¸p-ds¯ ap¡p-hÀ tNÀ¶p IS-en NmSnb Hcp bph-

Xnsb hen-¨p-I-bän. AhÀ acn¨p Ignªncp-¶p. Ah-cpsS t]cv {InkvXn³

Alvtdm³ F¶m-bn-cp¶psh¶p t]meokv shfn-s¸-Sp-¯n.'

57
 ankv Alvtdms\ c£-s¸-Sp-¯m³ F\n¡p Ign-bp-am-bn-cpt¶m F¶

tNmZyw C¶pw Fsâ a\-Ên-ep-b-cm-dp-­v. AXn\p adp-]Sn ]d-bm³ C¶pw

km[n-¨n-«n-Ã.

tNmZy-§Ä

1. {InkvXn³ Alvtdmsâ bYmÀ° hyànXzw F´m-bn-cp¶p?

2. {InkvXn³ ]e cmPy-§Ä Npän k©-cn-¨Xv F´n-\p-th-­n-bm-bn-cp¶p?

3. Xsâ Kth-j-W-hn-j-b-¯n Xs¶ {InkvXn³ Alvtdmsâ khn-ti-j-

X-IÄ sXfn-ªp-Im-Wp-¶p­v. hnh-cn-¡p-I.

4. teJ-Isâ DÅn F¶pw DbÀ¶p-h¶ {InkvXn³ Alvtdm-s\-¡p-dn-

¨pÅ tNmZy-sa-´m-bn-cp-¶p.

58
 ]mh-¡p«n

am[-hn-¡p«n

temI-{]-ikvX Ih-bn-{Xnbpw ae-bm-f-¯nse {]apJ IYm-Im-cn-bp-amb

am[-hn-¡p«n 1932-þ ]p¶-bqÀ¡p-f¯v P\n-¨p. Ia-em-Zmkv F¶ t]cn-emWv

Cw¥o-jn Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶-Xv. If-IväUv t]mbw-knsâ H¶mw hmeyw 1985-þÂ

Bim³ thÄUv ss{]kv t\Sn. PÀ½³, kzoUn-jv, {^©v `mj-I-fn-te¡v ]e

IrXn-Ifpw hnhÀ¯\w sN¿-s¸-«p. "Fsâ IY' ]Xn-\t©mfw hntZ-i-`m-j-I-

fn-te¡v hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXp. 1964-þ Gjy³ t]mb{Sn ss{]kpw, "k½À

C³ I¡¯bv¡v 1965-þse Gjy³ cmPy-§-fnse Cw¥ojv IrXn-IÄ¡pÅ

"sIâv' k½m-\hpw e`n-¨n-«p-­v. \nc-h[n bqWn-th-gvkn-än-I-fn Ia-e-Zm-knsâ

Ihn-X-IÄ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-§-fm-Wv. tI{µ-þ-tI-cf kmln-Xy-A-¡m-Zan ]pc-kv¡m-

c-§Ä, hb-emÀ AhmÀUv, Fgp-¯-ѳ ]pc-kvImcw XpS§n Ht«sd ]pc-kvIm-

c-§Ä t\Sn. \oÀam-Xfw ]q¯ Imew, aXn-ep-IÄ, _mey-Im-e-kva-c-W-IÄ,

ISÂa-bq-cw, Nµ-\-a-c-§Ä XpS-§n-b-h-bmWv IrXn-IÄ. "hÀj-§Ä¡v ap³]v'

F¶ HmÀ½-¡p-dn-¸p-I-fnÂ\n-¶mWv ]mh-¡p«n F¶ A[ymbw kne-_-knÂ

tNÀ¯n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

hÀj-§Ä¡p-ap¼v F¶ kvac-Wm-k-am-lm-c-¯n am[-hn-¡p-«n-bpsS

_mey-Im-es¯ Pohn-X-amWv ]d-bp-¶-Xv. \me-¸ms« ho«n-epÅ Xma-k-¡m-

ehpw Ahn-sS-bp-ff A½-½bpw tPmen-¡mcpw _Ôp-P-\-§fpw Ab¡mcpw

DÕ-h-§fpw Imhpw hncp-¶p-Im-cp-saÃmw Cu ]pkvX-I-¯nse A[ym-b-§-fnÂ

hmb-\-¡m-sc ckn-¸n¨pw Nn´n-¸n¨pw apt¶-dp-¶p.

59
 ]mh-¡p«n F¶ HmÀ½-¡p-dn-¸n Hcp kÔybv¡v Nne kv{XoIÄ \me-

¸m«v kµÀin-¨-XmWv am[-hn-¡p«n Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. kv{XoI-tfm-sSm¸w

h¶ t{]a F¶ A©p-h-b-Êp-Imcn am[-hn-¡p-«n-bpsS "a½m' F¶ ]mhsb

FSp-¯p-I-fn-¡m³ XpS-§n. ap³]-cn-N-b-an-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ Ah-cn-cp-hcpw Ifn-¡m³

XpS-§n-b-Xp-X-s¶ A½-½-bpsS \nÀ_-Ô-¯m-em-Wv. Iae F¶v A½½ hnfn-

¡p¶ am[-hn-¡p«n¡v ]pgp-¡p-¯pÅ ]Ãp-I-fpÅ t{]asb CjvS-am-bn-Ã.

IaebpsS ]mh-bmb a½sb t{]a Xsâ aSn-bn shbv¡p-Ibpw AXn\v ape

sImSp-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse A`n-\-bn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXXv Ia-ebv¡v CjvS-s¸-«n-Ã.

"C\n AXns\ _p²n-ap-«n-t¡­ AXv InS-¶p-d-§s«' F¶ Ia-e-bpsS

BÚsb t{]a apJ-hn-e-s¡-Sp-¯nà F¶p am{X-aà AXns\ FhnsSbpw

h¨n-Ã. t]mIm³ ka-b-am-bn«pw t{]a ]mh-¡p-«nsb sImSp-¯n-Ã. Iea

AXns\ tNmZn-¨-t¸m-sgms¡ t{]a Icªp i_vZ-ap-­m-¡n. A½½ Ia-e-

tbmSv "a½'sb t{]abv¡v sImSp-¡m³ Bh-iy-s¸-«p.

tZhIn Ia-ebv¡v Ifn-¡m³ thsd ]mh-bn-söpw Ifn-¡m³th­n

Aѳ I¡-¯-bnÂ\n¶v sImSp-¯-b¨ ]mh-bm-sW¶pw t{]a-tbmSv ]d-

ªp. t{]a Ic-bp-I-b-ÃmsX amäsam¶p-ap-­m-bn-Ã. Ia-e-bpsS I®p-IÄ \nd-

ªp. a½ F¶ ]mhsb A{Xbv¡v Hma-\n-¨mWv Iae sIm­p-\-S-¶n-cp-¶-Xv.

{]iv\w Kpcp-X-c-am-b-t¸mÄ ASp-¡ftPmen¡mc-\mb i¦-c³ CS-s]«v Ia-e-

bpsS ]mhsb sIm­p-t]m-I-cp-sX¶v ]d-ªp. tZh-Inbpw ]e Imcy-§Ä

]dªv hncp-¶p-Im-tcmSv XÀ¡n-¨p-sIm-­n-cp-¶p. A½½ c­p-t]-scbpw hg¡v

]dªp. Iae \à Ip«n-bmWv Rm³ ]d-ªm AhÄ ]mhsb sImSp¡pw

F¶v A½½ ]d-ªp. a\-Ên-ÃmsXbmbn-cn¡pw a½sb sImSp-¡p-I-sb¶v

tZh-Inbpw i¦-c\pw A½-½-tbmSv ]dªp XÀ¡n-¨p. hnUvVn¯w ]d-b-­-

sb¶v i¦-c-t\mSv A½½ ]dªp. tZhIn t{]a-bnÂ\n¶v X{´-]qÀÆw

]mhsb ssI¡-em¡n F¶m t{]a-bpsS \ne-hnfn kln-¡m-Xm-b-t¸mÄ

60
Iae Xs¶ ]mhsb tZh-In-bpsS I¿nÂ\n¶v FSp¯v t{]abv¡v \ÂIn.

t]mIp-t¼mÄ t{]a Ia-e-tbmSv Nncn-¨p. Iae Nncn-¨nà i¦-c\pw tZh-Inbpw

kmaÀ°y-¡mcv FÃmw t\Sp-sa¶p ]cn-X-]n-¨p.

""]mh-bn-sÃ-¦nepw Ia-ebv¡v Hcp \jvtSmw hcm³ t]mWn-ey.

kzmÀ°w ]Tn¨p h¨m-]ns¶ Ip«n-Ifv \in¡pw'' A½½ ]dªp. \½psS

Ip«n hey-½-sb-t]mse I¿nev Hcp inÃn-¡m-in-Ãm-¯-bm-fmhpw F¶v i¦-c³

]dªp. AXvtI«v hey½ Bscbpw NXn-¨n-«n-sÃ-¶pÅ kam-[m\w Ds­¶v

]d-ªp-Nn-cn-¨p.

"a½' Fs¶ HmÀ¯v Ic-bp-¶p-­mhpw F¶v Iae ]d-ªp. A½½

AXn\v Poh-\n-söpw AXv ]mh-btà F¶pw ]d-ªp. Rm³ a\p-jy-¡p-«n-

btà F\n¡v Poh-\p­v a½sb ImWm-t¯m­v F\n¡v k¦Sw hcp-¶p­v

F¶v ]dª Ia-e-tbmSv H¶nepw Bkàn ]mSn-söpw AXv ZpxJ-¯n\p

Imc-W-am-hp-sa¶pw A½½ ]d-ªp.

""A½-½bv¡v Ft¶mSv kvt\lw tXm¶p-¶pt­m? Fs¶ thsd-sbmcp

ho«n-te¡v sImSp-¯m A½½ hyk-\n-¡ntÃ?''

A½½ Iptd-t\cw Fsâ I®n-te¡v t\m¡n InS¶p F¶n«v ]d-ªp.

""DÆv Iate, Rm³ hyk-\n-¡pw. Ia-esb ImWm³ Ign-bm-ªm Rm³

hyk-\n-¡pw.

61
tNmZy-§Ä

1. Iae \Ã-Ip-«n-btÃ? \Ã-Ip-«n-Ifv C§s\ kzmÀ°w ImWnt¡zm?

kµÀ`w hyà-am-¡p-I.

2. ""i¦-c³ hnUvVn¯w ]d-b­'' A½½ C§s\ ]d-bm³ Imc-W-sa-

´v.

3. ""A½-½bv¡v Ft¶mSv kvt\lw tXm¶p-¶pt­m Fs¶ thsd-sbmcp

ho«n-te¡v sImSp-¯m A½½ hyk-\n-¡ntÃ''? Iae C{]-Imcw ]d-

bm-\p-­mb Imc-W-sa´v?

62
klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä

kmln-Xy-a-RvPcn þ hÅ-t¯mÄ

agp-hnsâ IY þ _mem-a-Wn-b½

k^-e-ao-bm{X þ F³.-F³.-I-¡mSv

ae-bm-fkm-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw Ime-L-«-§-fn-eqsS þ Fcp-taen

k¼qÀ® ae-bmf kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw þ FUn.-s{]m-^.-]-·\ cma-N-{µ³ \mbÀ

ae-bmf Ihn-Xm-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw þ tUm.-Fw.-eo-em-h-Xn.

hn.-sI.-F³.-sX-c-sª-Sp¯ IY-IÄ þ hn.-sI.-F³.

k¼qÀ® IrXn-IÄ þ kmdm-tPm-k^v

ae-bmf sNdp-IYm kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw þ tUm.-Fw.-Fw.-_-joÀ

sNdp-IY C¶se C¶v þ Fw.-A-Nyp-X³.

\mS-I-{Xbw þ kn.-F³.-{io-I-WvT³ \mbÀ

ae-bmf \mS-I-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw þ Pn.-i-¦-c-¸nÅ

kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw {]Øm-\-§-fn-eqsS þ FUn.-tUm.-sI.-Fw.-tPmÀPv

A£-c-§Ä þ ssh¡w N{µ-ti-J-c³\m-bÀ

k¼qÀ®-Ir-Xn-IÄ þ H.-hn.-hn-P-b³

hÀj-§Ä¡p-ap¼v þ am[-hn-¡p«n

\oÀam-Xfw ]q¯-Imew þ am[-hn-¡p«n

_mey-Im-e-kva-c-W-IÄ þ am[-hn-¡p«n

Pohn-X-¸mX þ sNdp-ImSv

63