International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

Volume: 03, Issue No: 05, May 2017

ISSN: 2455-3778
http://www.ijmtst.com

A New Transformerless Buck–Boost Converter

with Positive Output Voltage
C.Susiladevi1 | K.Venkatesan2

1PG Scholar, Department of EEE, Roever Engineering College, Perambalur, Tamilnadu, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Roever Engineering College, Perambalur, Tamilnadu, India.

To Cite this Article

C.Susiladevi and K.Venkatesan, “A New Transformerless Buck–Boost Converter with Positive Output Voltage”,
International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, Vol. 03, Issue 05, May 2017, pp. 44-50.

ABSTRACT
A new transformerless buck–boost converterwith simple structure is proposed in this study. Comparedwith
the traditional buck–boost converter, the proposedbuck–boost converter’s voltage gain is squared times of
theformer’s and its output voltage polarity is positive. Theseadvantages enable it to work in a wider range of
positiveoutput. The two power switches of the proposed buck–boost converter operate synchronously. In the
continuousconduction mode (CCM), two inductors are magnetized andtwo capacitors are discharged during
the switch-on period,while two inductors are demagnetized and two capacitorsare charged during the
switch-off period. The power electronicssimulator (PSIM) and the circuit experiments are providedto validate
the effectiveness of the proposed buck–boostconverter.

KEYWORDS: Continuous conduction mode (CCM), newtransformerless buck–boost converter, positive

outputvoltage.

Copyright © 2017 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
All rights reserved.

converters can achieve high step-up or

I. INTRODUCTION
AS is well known, switching-mode power supply
is thecore of modern power conversion technology,
which iswidely used in electric power,
communication system, householdappliance,
industrial device, railway, aviation, and manyother
fields [1], [2]. As the basis of switching-mode
powersupply, converter topologies attract a great
deal of attentionand many converter topologies
have been proposed. Buck converterand boost
converter have the simple structure and
highefficiency. However, due to the limited voltage
gain, their applicationsare restricted when the low
or high output voltage areneeded [3]. Luo
converters can obtain high voltage gain
byemploying the voltage lift technique, but the
topological complexity,cost, volume, and losses
increase at the same time[4]–[6]. Interleaved
stepdownconversion ratio with low-voltage stress,
while their operatingmode, converter structure,
and control strategy are complicated[7]–[10].
Quadratic converters can achieve the voltagegain
of cascade converters with fewer switches;
however, theefficiency of these converters are low
[11], [12]. Additionally,some switched networks are
added into the basic converters toobtain the
high-voltage step-up or step-down gain, at the
priceof complicating construction and increasing
cost [13]–[20].
Compared with the above-mentioned converter
topologieswhich can only step-up or step-down
voltage, the voltagebucking/boosting converters,
which can regulate output voltageunder wider
range of input voltage or load variations, are
popularwith the applications such as portable
electronic devices,car electronic devices, and so on.

44 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

 C.Susiladevi and K.Venkatesan : A New Transformerless Buck–Boost Converter with Positive Output Voltage

The traditional buck–boostconverter with In this study, by inserting an additional switched

simple structure and high efficiency, as we
allknown, has the drawbacks such as limited
voltage gain, negativeoutput voltage, and floating
power switch, meanwhilediscontinuous input and
output currents. The other three basicnonisolated
converters: 1) Cuk converter; 2) Sepic
converter;and 3) Zeta converter, which also have
the peculiarity of step-upand step-down voltage,
have been provided. However, the limitsof the
voltage gain along with other disadvantages in
Cuk,Sepic, and Zeta converters are also
nonignorable. The quadraticbuck–boost converter,
proposed by Maksimovic and Cuk in, has one
common-ground power switch; meanwhile, it
canachieve the voltage gain D2/(1 − D)2. However,
due to thediodes D1 and D2 clamp the output
voltage to the input voltagewhile the duty cycle is
bigger than 0.5, so that this convertercan only
work in step-down mode.
By combining KY converterand the
traditional synchronously rectified buck converter,
Hwuand Peng proposed a new buck–boost
converter whichcan realize the continuous output
current, positive output voltage,continuous
conduction mode (CCM) operation all the time,and
no right-half plane zero. Unfortunately, its voltage
gain oftwo multiplies the duty cycle (2D) is not
sufficiently high orlow in the situation where the
converter needs to operate in awide range of output
voltage. Moreover, based on the Cuk converter,a
new buck–boost converter, which has the low
networkinto the traditional buck–boost converter,
a new transformerlessbuck–boost converter is
proposed. The main merit of the
proposedbuck–boost converter is that its voltage
gain is quadraticof the traditional buck–boost
converter, so that it can operatein a wide range of
output voltage, i.e., the proposed buck–boost
converter can achieve high or low voltage gain
withoutextreme duty cycle. Moreover, the output
voltage of this newtransformerless buck–boost
converter is common-ground withthe input voltage,
and its polarity is positive.
This paper is organized as follows. In Section II,
Existing system.Proposed system is provided in
section III. Proposed converter structure is derived
in section IV. Basic operating principles and
analyses is derived in section V. Simulation
verifications are shown in section VI. System
descriptions are shown in section VII. Some
concluding remarksand comments are given in
Section VIII.
Fig. 1.Proposed transformerless buck–boost converter.

outputvoltage ripple, minimal radio frequency

interference, and onecommon-ground power II. EXISTING SYSTEM
switch. However, asa seventh-order circuit, the Normal Buck Boost converter operation. Buck
converter has complex construction,and both its converter and boost converter have the simple
input terminal and output terminal do not share structure and high efficiency. However, due the
thesame ground. limited voltage gain, their applications are
Besides, the voltage gain is still limited. In restricted when the low or high output voltage are
aboost–buck cascade converter, aggregating two needed.To obtain high voltage gain voltage lift
separated converterswith current source and technique is required. It is more complex, also
current sink, is applied for thethermoelectric losses increase at the same time.
generator. Nevertheless, the voltage gain of
thiscascade converter is also constrained.
Especially, in order to obtain high-voltage
step-up or stepdowngain, these converters must be
operating under extremelyhigh or low duty cycle,
and this point is too hard to realize dueto the
practical constraints. Hence, exploring new
topology ofbuck–boost converter to overcome the
drawbacks of the conventionalones for satisfying
the increasingly requirements inindustrial
applications is very important and valuable.
Fig. 2. Buck–boost converter

45 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

 C.Susiladevi and K.Venkatesan : A New Transformerless Buck–Boost Converter with Positive Output Voltage

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM diodes (D1 and D0), two inductors(L1 and L2), two
Buck –Boost converter operating without capacitors (C1 and C0), and one resistiveload R.
transformer and it supplies high voltage gain. So it Power switches S1 and S2 are controlled
is used for wide range of positive output. In this synchronously.
proposed system Buck Boost converter’s two According to the state of the power switches and
switches are operating synchronously. In diodes, sometypical time-domain waveforms for
continuous conduction mode switch turn-on & this new transformerlessbuck–boost converter
turn-off periods are available.
operating in CCM are displayed in Fig. 5,and the
A. Proposed block diagram possible operation states for the proposed
buck–boostconverter are shown in Fig. 6.
For Fig. 6(a), it denotes that thepower switches
S1 and S2 are turned on, whereas the diodesD1
and D0 do not conduct. Consequently, both the
inductor L1and the inductor L2 are magnetized,
and both the charge pumpcapacitor C1 and the
output capacitor C0 are discharged.
Fig. 3.Proposed Block Diagram For Fig. 6(b), it describes that the power switches
S1 and S2 areturned off while the diodes D1 and
B. Proposed circuit diagram D0 conductfor its Forwardbiased voltage. Hence,
In order to validate the effectiveness of the new both the inductor L1 and the inductor L2are
transformerless buck–boost converter, we
demagnetized, and both the charge pump capacitor
construct the prototype circuit as shown in Fig. 4.
C1 andthe output capacitor C0 are charged.

Fig. 6.Equivalent circuits of the proposed buck–boost

Fig. 4.Experimental circuit for the proposed buck–boost converter.
IV. PROPOSED CONVERTERSTRUCTURE
converter in two possible states. (a) State 1. (b) State 2
Here, in order to simplify the circuit analyses and
deduction,we assumed that the converter operates
in steady state, all componentsare ideal, and all
capacitors are large enough to keepthe voltage
across them constant.

V. BASIC OPERATING PRINCIPLES AND

ANALYSES

Fig. 5. Typical time-domain waveforms for the proposed
buck–boost converter operating in CCM
Fig. 1 shows the circuit configuration of the new
transformerlessbuck–boost converter, which
consists of two powerswitches (S1 and S2), two
A. Operating principles
As shown in Fig. 6, there are two states, i.e., state
1 andstate 2, in the new transformerless
buck–boost converter whenit operates in CCM
operation.
State 1:(NT < t <(N + D)T): During this time
interval,the switches S1 and S2 are turned on,
while D1 and D0 arereverse biased. From Fig. 3(a),
it is seen that L1 is magnetizedfrom the input
voltage Vin while L2 is magnetized from theinput
voltage Vin and the charge pump capacitor C1.
Moreover,the output energy is supplied from

46 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

 C.Susiladevi and K.Venkatesan : A New Transformerless Buck–Boost Converter with Positive Output Voltage
theoutput capacitor C0.Thus, the corresponding
equations can be established as
VL1= Vin (1)
VL2= Vin+ VC1. (2)
State 2:((N + D)T< t<(N + 1)T): During this time
interval, the switches S1 and S2 are turned off,
while D1 and D0 are forward biased. From Fig.
3.3(b), it is seen that the energy stored in the
inductor L1 is released to the charge pump
capacitor C1 via the diode D1. At the same time, the
energy stored in the inductor L2 is released to the
charge pump capacitor C1, the output capacitor C0,
and the resistive load R via the diodes D0 and D1.
The equations of the state 2 are described as
follows:
VL1= − VC1 (3)
VL2= − (VC1+ V0). (4)
If applying the voltage-second balance principle
on the inductor L1, then the voltage across the
charge pump capacitor C1 is readily obtained from
(1) and (3) as
VC1= (D /1 – D)Vin. (5)
Here, D is the duty cycle, which represents the
proportion of the power switches turn-on time to
the whole switching cycle. Similarly, by using the
voltage-second balance principle on the inductor
L2, the voltage gain of the proposed buck–boost
converter can be obtained from (2), (4), and (5) as
M = V0/Vin=(D/1 – D)2. (6)
From (6), it is apparent that the proposed
buck–boost converter can step-up the input
voltagewhen the duty cycle is bigger than 0.5, and
step- downthe input voltage when the duty cycle is
smaller than 0.5.
B. Voltage stress
The voltage across the charge pump capacitor C1
can be expressed as
VC1=(D/ 1 – D)Vin=(1 – D/D)V0. (7)
Obviously, VC1 is less than the input voltage in
step-down mode, and less than the output voltage
in step-up mode. Consequently, the voltage stress
on the charge pump capacitor C1 is small so that
we can choose the small-sized capacitor which
47 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
have small parasitic resistor to reduce the power
loss.
The voltage stress of the two power switches (S 1
and S2) and two diodes (D1 and D0) can also be
derived,
VS1=(1/1 – D)Vin= (1 – D/D2) V0 (8)
VS2=(D/(1 − D)2 )Vin=(1/D)V0 (9)
VD1=(1/1 – D)Vin=(1 – D/D )V0
2 (10)
VD0=(D/(1 − D)2 )Vin=(1/D)V0. (11)
From (8) and (10), it can be seen that the voltage
stress of the power switch S1 and the diode D1 are
both equal to the voltage stress on the power
switch in the traditional buck–boost converter with
the same input voltage. Similarly, under the same
output voltage condition, from (9) and (11),
It can be concluded that the voltage stress of the
power switch S2 and the diode D0 are the same as
the voltage stress on the diode in the traditional
buck–boost converter.
C. Current stress
If the circuit loss is ignored, the input power and
output power can be described as
Pin = P0, namely,
Vin I in= V0I0. (12)
Based on the voltage gain obtained in (6), the
relationship between the dc input current and the
dc output current is presented here,
I0/I in=(1 – D/D)2. (13)
The Ohm’s law for the resistive load R is
V0= RI0. (14)
By using the ampere-second balance principle on
the output capacitor C0, we can show that the dc
current ID0 through the diode D0, equals I0.
Accordingly, the relationship among the dc
currents IL1, IL2, Iin, and I0 can be depicted as
follows:
I in= D(IL1 + IL2) (15)
I0= (1 − D) IL2. (16)
From (6), (13)–(16), the following equations can be
yielded:
IL1=D2(2D − 1)Vin/(1 − D)4R (17)
IL2=D2 Vin/(1 − D)3R. (18)
 C.Susiladevi and K.Venkatesan : A New Transformerless Buck–Boost Converter with Positive Output Voltage
We can get the conclusion from (17) that the
negative inductor current of L1 will appear in
step-down mode, i.e., the duty cycle is smaller than
0.5.
The current stress of the two power switches (S1
and S2) and two diodes (D1 and D0) is
IS1= D(IL1+ IL2) =
D4 Vin/(1 −
D)4R (19)
IS2= DIL2=D3 Vin/(1 − D)3R (20)
ID1= (1 − D) (IL1+ IL2) = D3 Vin/(1 − D)3R (21)
ID0= (1 − D)IL2=D2Vin/(1 − D)2R. (22)
From (19) to (22), it is found that the current
stress of the power switch S2 and the diode D1 is
both equal to the current stress on the power
switch in the traditional buck–boost converterwith
the same output current, and the current stress of
the diode D0 equals to I0 is the same as the current
stress on the diode in the traditional buck–boost
converter, whereas the current stress on S1 in the
proposed buck–boost converter is high.
D. Current Ripples Of Inductors
The ripples of the inductor current iL1 and iL2 can
be given as
ΔiL1=(VL1 / L1) DTS=DVin/L1fs (23)
ΔiL2=(VL2/L2) DTS= DVin/ (1 − D)L2fs (24)
wherefs is the switching frequency. If the
inductor current ripple, the input voltage Vin, the
duty cycle D, and the switching frequency fsare
known, the inductance of L1 and L2 can be
calculated from (23) and (24), so that the
appropriate inductors can be selected in practical
engineering.
E. Voltage Ripples Of Capacitors:
The ripples of the voltage across the capacitors
C1 and C0,i.e., ΔvC1 and ΔvC0 are
ΔvC1 = (ΔQ/C) = DVo / (1 − D)RC1fs (25)
ΔvC0=(ΔQ/C)= DV0 / RC0fs. (26)
If the capacitor voltage ripples, the output
voltage V0, the duty cycle D, the resistive load R,
and the switching frequency fsare known,
thecapacitance of C1 and C0 can be calculated
based on (25) and (26).
F. Boundary Condition
For a converter operating in the boundary
condition mode (BCM), the current of inductor just
reduces to zero at the end of each switching cycle.
48 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Note that, here, we assume that the inductor
current iL1 is continuous and only take the inductor
L2 as an example. The dc current of the inductor L2
is,
IL2 =((Vin+ VC1)/2L2)DTS. (27)
In addition, defining the normalized inductor
time constant on the inductor L2 as,
τL2 =L2fs / R. (28)
From (5), (6), (14), (16), and (27), then, the
boundary condition about the inductor L2 can be
derived as,
τL2B = (1 − D)2 / 2D. (29)
It is clear from (28) and (29) that when τL2> τL2B,
the proposed buck–boost converter operates in
CCM. Otherwise, it operates in DCM.
G. Efficiency Analyses
To simplify calculating, the voltage and current
ripples across the inductors and the capacitors are
ignored. rDS1 and rDS2 are the MOSFET’s (S1 and S2)
ON-resistances.
VF1 and VF0 are the diodes’ (D1 and D0) threshold
voltage. rL1, rL2, rC1, and rC0 are the equivalent series
resistances of the inductors (L1 and L2) and the
capacitors (C1 and C0), respectively.
The switches conduction losses can be
calculated as follows:
PSW(cond) = IS1(rms) 2rDS1+ IS2(rms) 2rDS2
= (D3P0rDS1 / (1 − D)4R) + ( DP0rDS2 / (1− D)2R).
(30)
The switches commutation losses are
PSW(off) =(1/2)IS1VS1toff1fs+(1/2) IS2VS2toff2fs
=(1/2) (D2V0 / (1 − D)2R) ((1 − D)V0/D2) toff1fs +
(1/2)(DV0/(1 − D)R) (V0/D)toff2fs. (31)
The diodes conduction losses can be derived as
follows
PD= VF1ID1+ VF0ID0
= VF1(D/1 – D)I0+ VF0I0. (32)
The inductors losses are
PL= IL1(rms) 2rL1+ IL2(rms) 2rL2
= (2D − 1)2P0rL1/ (1 − D)4R + P0rL2 (1 − D)2R. (33)
The capacitors losses are
PC= IC1(rms) 2rC1+ IC0(rms) 2rC0
= DP0rC1 / (1 − D)3R + DP0rC0 / (1 − D)R. (34)
Thus, the efficiency can be calculated as
follows:
η = P0 / (P0+ PSW(cond) + PSW(off) + PD+ PL+ PC). (35)
 C.Susiladevi and K.Venkatesan : A New Transformerless Buck–Boost Converter with Positive Output Voltage

From (30) to (34), the losses of the proposed

buck–boost converter can be calculated. Based on
calculated losses, the efficiency can be derived
from (35).

VI. SIMULATION VERIFICATIONS

Fig 10.Transformerless buck boost converter

VIII. CONCLUSION
This paper has proposed a new transformerless
buck–boostconverter as a fourth-order circuit,
which realizes the optimizationbetween the
topology construction and the voltage gainto
overcome the drawbacks of the traditional
buck–boost converter.The operating principles,
steady-state analyses, smallsignal modeling, and
comparisons with other converters arepresented.
From the theoretical analyses, the PSIM
simulations,and the circuit experiments, it is
Fig. 7.Overall Circuit Model For transformer less Buck
proved that the newtransformerless buck–boost
Boost Converter With Positive Output Voltage
converter possesses the merits suchas high
step-up/step-down voltage gain, positive output
voltage,simple construction, and simple control
strategy. Hence,the proposed buck–boost converter
is suitable for the industrialapplications requiring
high step-up or step-down voltage gain.

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