International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 3, March-2018
ISSN 2229-5518
A CLOSED LOOP CONTROL OF BUCK-
BOOST AC-AC CONVERTER WITH
REDUCED THD
MD. ALTHAFHUSSAIN 1, G.SURESHKUMARREDDY 2
PG Student [PE]1 , Assistant professo𝑟 2
Dept. of EEE, TKR college of Engineering and technology, Meerpet, Telangana India
ABSTRACT:In this project we introduce a converter
with a voltage feedback closed loop control scheme
with control on output voltage amplitude. A high
frequency operation is carried for reduction of THD
in the output voltage waveform. In the previous work
the output voltage is varied by changing the duty
ratio manually here in the proposed method the duty
ratio is changed automatically by closed loop system
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with respect to v reference.
The proposed converter utilizes six unidirectional
current passing and bidirectional voltage blocking
switches, executed by six reverse blocking insulated-
gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) or series MOSFET–
diode sets, two input and output filters capacitors, and
one inductor. It has no over shoot issue of voltage
source not maintaining constant when all switches are
turned-on, and in this manner, pulse width
modulation dead-times are not required bringing
about high quality waveforms, and takes care of the
commutation issue without utilizing bulky and lossy
RC snubbers or devoted soft commutation
techniques. The design and analysis is carried out in
MATLAB software with complete results and
outputs with comparision of outputs with all possible
modes.
KEYWORDS: closed loop control, output voltage,
ac-ac converter, buck-boost, THD.
1. INTRODUCTION
Generally, in industry, the ac – ac power
conversions are performed by utilizing ac thyristor
power controllers, which utilize the phase angle or
basic cycle control on input ac voltage, to get the
desired output ac voltage. The drawbacks of ac
thyristor controllers are low power factor, large total
harmonic distortion in source current and lower
efficiency, have restricted their utilization in ac- ac
converters. For ac– ac power conversions with
variable frequency and voltage, the utilization of
indirect ac – ac converters with dc-link and matrix
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109
converters have been progressed on the grounds that
they can get better power factor and efficiency, and
littler filter requirements. In any case, for applications
in which just voltage control is required, the direct
pulse width modulation (PWM) ac– ac converters are
more favored on the grounds that they can decrease
the size and price of converter.
These direct PWM ac– ac converters in previous
papers are acquired from their dc– dc counterparts,
where all the unidirectional switches are supplanted
with bidirectional. But every topology has its own
particular constraints; the buck-type ac– ac converter
can just step down the input voltage while boost type
can just step up the input voltage. The buck– boost
and Cuk topology can both step up and step down the
input voltage; in any case, the phase angle is
reversed. In addition, the two topologies have
disadvantages of higher voltage stress across
switches, and there are discontinuous input and
output currents in the event of the buck– boost
converter. The Cuk topology can eliminates the
currents discontinuity at the price of extra passive
components, expanding the size and price of
converter and reducing the efficiency. The ac– ac
converters in view of the impedance source organize
likewise called (q)ZS ac– ac converters in previous
papers, it can both step up and step down the input
voltage. However the step-down operation always
brings about reversing of phase angle.
In addition, they utilize more passive
components and have higher current flowing through
active switches amid shoot-through, which make
their utilization less attractive. In buck-type
multilevel ac– ac converters in view of the idea of
flying capacitors are proposed, which can decrease
the voltage stress of switches and reduce the quality
of output voltage. In any case, they require RLC
booster to be associated in parallel to load, keeping in
mind the end goal to decrease the voltage imbalance
issue of lying capacitors.
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 3, March-2018 110
ISSN 2229-5518

The proposed converter is invulnerable from

shoot-through of potential difference source (or
capacitors) notwithstanding when all switches are
turned on at the same time, which upgrades its
dependability and it needn't bother with PWM dead-
time which brings about superb output voltage.
Despite the fact that it utilizes six unidirectional
current directing bidirectional voltage blocking
switches, just two of them are exchanged at high
frequency in each half-cycle amid any working
mode, bringing about littler switching losses. In the
proposed converter, no current flows through body
diodes of switches, and accordingly, it can utilize
power MOSFETs alongside quick recuperation
diodes in arrangement, which diminishes switching
losses and poor turn around recuperation issue of
MOSFETs body diodes is additionally dodged.
Figure 1. Basic PWM ac-ac converter.(a) Buck
The non-inverting buck–boost methods of type. (b) Boost -type. (c) Inverting buck–boost
proposed converter are appropriate for applications type
with both step-up and step-down request while the
inverting buck– boost mode can likewise be used in Because of these conspicuous

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DVR application to remunerate both potential
difference sags and swells.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Fig. 1(a), (b), and (c) demonstrate the traditional
non inverting buck and boost converters and
inverting buck– boost converter, individually. The
buck topology in Fig.1 (a) has a voltage gain of D
(where D is duty ratio, and D ≤ 1), and along these
lines, it has just step-down operation. The boost
topology in Fig. 1 (b )has a gain of1/(1 − D), with
just voltage step-up operation. The buck– boost
converter in Fig. 1 (c) has a voltage gain of D/(1 −
D), with both step-up and step-down operations, but
output voltage is inverted. Also, it has higher switch
voltage stresses, higher inductor current and current
ripple, and discontinuous input and output currents.
disadvantages, the dc–dc counterpart of this inverting
buck– boost ac–ac converter is frequently replaced
with non-inverting buck– boost converter (two switch
buck– boost converter) which is acquired by
cascading simple buck topology with boost topology.
The non-inverting buck– boost ac– ac converter in
Fig. 2 .(a) can be gotten by replacing all
unidirectional switches in its dc–dc counterparts in
with bidirectional switches. The gating signals design
for buck and boost modes are given in Fig. 2(b) and
2.2(c), individually. This converter has a voltage gain
of D in buck mode and 1/(1 − D)in boost mode. This
non-inverting buck– boost converter has benefits in
that it covers a wide range of input voltage, it has
non-inverting output voltage, lower voltage stress on
switches, and lower inductor current and current
ripple. In any case, it has following drawbacks; it
utilizes eight switches, needs PWM dead- - times and
devoted safe commutation methodology to take care
of commutation issue, and can't utilize MOSFETs as
the current flows through body diodes of switches. In
addition, it can get just non-inverting buck– boost
voltage and lacks inverting buck– boost operation,
which is additionally wanted in its application as
DVR, to compansate both voltage sags and swells.

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 3, March-2018 111
ISSN 2229-5518

Fig. 3 demonstrates the circuit configuration

of the ac– ac converter uses of six unidirectional
current flowing bidirectional potential difference
blocking switches S1 − S6, one inductor L, and two
input and output filter capacitors Cin and Co. The six
unidirectional current switches can be acknowledged
by series combination of power MOSFETs with
external quick recovery diodes, are in Fig. 3 In this
figure, body diodes of MOSFETs are not appeared as
they never conduct, and along these lines, their poor
reverse recovery issue is neglected.

For high power applications, it can either

utilize six reverse blocking IGBTs (RB-IGBTs) or six
IGBTs (without body diode) with outside quick
recovery diodes in arrangement. The proposed
converter can work as conventional non-inverting
buck and boost converters with voltage gain of D and
1/(1 − D), individually, and furthermore as inverting
buck– boost converter with voltage gain of D/(1 −
D). By utilizing just six switches, it can consolidate
the usefulness of eight switches non-inverting buck–

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boost converter appeared in Fig. 2(a), and four
switches inverting buck– boost converter appeared in
Fig. 1 (c). In this way, it can be utilized as non-
inverting buck– boost converter to replace the
traditional inverting buck– boost converter in
Figure 2. Non-inverting buck-boost ac-ac different ac– ac change applications. For its
converter (a) Circuit topology.(b) Gating signal application as DVR, the non-inverting buck– boost
for buck mode operation. (c) Gating signals for mode can be utilized to compensate voltage sags
boost mode operation. (which happens all the more regularly), and inverting
buck– boost mode for voltage swells (which happens
less frequently).
3. A BUCK-BOOST AC-AC CONVERTER

. The above figure can be operate in three

modes they are buck, boost and buck-boost mode.

Non-inverting Buck Mode Operation.

The PWM switching sequence of the AC-

AC converter during non-inverting buck mode
operation and key waveforms are appeared in
Fig.3.3.3.For positive half of input ac voltage (vin >
0), switches S1,S3,S6 are always turn on and S4,S5
are always turn off, while switch S2 is switched at
high frequency. Fig.4.demonstrates the comparable
circuits of the AC-AC converter for vin> 0. The
circuit appeared in Fig. 4(a) is throughout DT interval
in which switch S2 is turned on and the input energy
is stored in inductor L. Despite the fact that the
switch S1 is additionally turned on, in any case its
outside series diode becomes reverse biased due to
inverse input voltage vin across it. Along these lines,
Figure 3. Circuit topology of the buck-boost ac-ac no current flows through switchS1 througout this
converter. interval, as appeared in Fig. 4.

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 3, March-2018 112
ISSN 2229-5518

second adjust condition on inductor L from (1) and

(2), the pickup in this buck mode is given by

Figure 4. Non-inverting buck operation when

vin>0. Equivalent circuit (a) during DT and (b)
during (1−D)T .

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During (1 − D)T interval as in Fig. 3.3.2(b),
switch S2 is turned off while S1conducts in this
interval as its series diode become forward biased Figure 6. Key operational waveforms during non-
because of free-wheeling action of inductor L inverting buck mode operation.
current. Energy stored in inductor is discharged to
load in this interval. Non-inverting Boost Mode Operation.

The operation of boost mode is same as

buck mode but only the pulses for switch s5 and s1
are interchanged and s2 and s6 are interchanged.

Inverting Buck–Boost Mode Operation.

The operation of buk-boost mode is same as

boost mode but only the pulses for switch s6 and s4
are interchanged and s5 and s3 are interchanged.

Control strategy

The output voltage of the converter has to be

Figure 5. Non-inverting buck operation when maintained constantly as same as the desired value.
vin<0. Equivalent circuit (a) during DT and (b) The PI controller is employed to attain the buck-
during (1−D)T . boost ac output voltage which is achieved by varying
the duty ratio of the converter circuit. The feedback
For vin < 0, switches S2,S4,S5 are dependably turn loop of the converter is designed to control the duty
on while switches S3,S6 are dependably turn off, and ratio and control the output voltage.
S1becomeshigh frequency switch. The operation for
vin < 0 is same as clarified for vin > 0, with only
difference is that now the switchS1 performs same as
S2 (for vin > 0), and the other way around. The
comparable circuits amid this negative half-cycle are
appeared in Fig. 5(a) and 5(b). By applying volt–

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4 Simulation results Output results of a closed loop control of a buck

converter
Simulation of a closed loop control of buck
converter Switching waveforms

switch s2

In this system by applying the closed loop

Voltage(v)
2
1
0
-1

control scheme to previous converter for control on 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Time(sec)
switch s1
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

Voltage(v)
2

output voltage amplitude. In this system the high 1

0
-1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

frequency operation is carried out for reduction of Time(sec)

switch s5

Voltage(v)
2
1

THD in output voltage. 0

-1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Time(sec)
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

switch s6

Voltage(v)
2
1
0
-1
Goto6 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Discrete, <IGBT v oltage> From Time(sec)
[VDS5]
Ts = 1e-06 s.
[S5]
powergui
S5
D5 [S3]
m g
m
a E C Pulse Goto
k Generator
[S6]
k
m

Goto1 [S3]
D3 Switch s3
2
From5
a

NOT [S4] 1.5

[S4] 1
Logical Goto2

Voltage(v)
E

Operator
m

[S5] From6 0.5

S3 [S2] 0
Goto3 Scope1
C
g

-0.5
From7
[S3] -1
[S1] 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Time(sec)
From1
From8
k
m

Switch s4
D1
2

Pulse 1.5
a

Generator1
1
[S1] 2

Voltage(v)
Product 0.5
1 Add Goto4 Multimeter1 Vin Vo
E
m

0.5 0
z
S1 initial Duty -0.5
D Unit Delay
[S1] ratio 1
C
g

-1
+

[rms] 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
+

From2 Time(sec)
+ Cin Vin Co RL >= 0
d c Multimeter Vo
Goto8
Step
g

Switch PWM Generator Pulse

L RMS
[S2]
S2 Generator3
(discrete) 108.4
m

From3
E

[rms] PI
Discrete
Vo rms
RMS value
From12
Voltage Controller
Pulse
Generator4
Figure 8. Switching waveforms of a closed loop

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a

[S2]
D2 1.9 Gain Product1
Add1 Goto5 [VDS5]

control of a buck converter.

m

1
k

z From10

[S4] Unit Delay1

110 Vref rms [VDS6]
From4
g

From11 Vin Vo1

S4
m

Pulse
1
Generator6

Goto7
Multimeter2
The above fig shows the switching
a

[VDS6]
<IGBT v oltage> [S6] D4

operations of boost converter in inverting mode. In

m

From9
k

S6
D6
m g
m
k
a E C

this mode switch s3,s6 on for positive half cycle and

off for negative half cycle. switch s4,s5 off for
Figure 7. MATLAB simulation of a closed loop positive half cycle and on for negative half cycle for
control of buck converter. fundamental frequency.S2 is pulse rating for positive
half cycle with switching frequency off 25KHZ and
The above figure shows the MATLAB completely on for negative off cycle. The switch s1 is
design of a proposed buck module. In our previous completely on for positive half cycle and pulsating
module we can step down the input voltage by for negative half cycle with frequency of 25KHZ.
changing the duty ratio. In our previous module the
output voltage is not stable.But in our module by Input, output voltage
applying a closed loop PI controller to previous
module we can get the stable output voltage. 250
Vo
200 Vin

In this module the feedback loop control as the 150

RMS block it does not generate the finite value for 100

50

one cycle or two cycles and it generates at least one

voltage(v)

or two cycles. So we have to provide initial duty ratio -50

between 0 and 1. We have set a time of 0.05 sec at -100

which the system change from open loop to closed -150

-200
loop.In this module we have give a v reference -250
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
voltage and error detector in module generate error Time(sec)

between v output voltage and v reference and it gives

to PI controller then the PI controller reduced the Figure 9. Voltage comparisionof a closed loop
error and gives to PWM. Here the changes the duty control of a buck converter.
ratio. In the above module we can give v reference as
110𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 / 60 HZ and after simulation we can get
The above figure shows the voltage
109𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 / 60 HZ in ac converters the output is not
comparision of input and output. In module the
precies and it is instantaneously. In this module we
output is changed after 0.05 sec because we are
can step down the input voltage.

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 3, March-2018 114
ISSN 2229-5518

giving initial time of 0.05 sec. But in our module the Simulation of a closed loop control of
output voltage decreased. In this converter we can boost converter
perform step down operation.

Automatic changing of Duty ratio in buck mode

Goto6
Discrete, [VDS5] <IGBT v oltage> From
Ts = 1e-06 s.
[S5]
powergui
S5
D5 [S2]
m g
m
0.8 a E C Pulse Goto
k Generator
[S3]

k
m
D3 Goto1 [S3]

0.6 From5

a
NOT [S1]
[S4]
Logical Goto2

E
Operator

m
[S4] From6
S3
0.4 Goto3 [S2] Scope1

C
g
From7
[S3]
[S1]
duty ratio

From1
0.2 From8

k
m
D1
Pulse

a
Generator1
[S5] 2
0 1
Product
Add Goto4 Multimeter1 Vin Vo

E
m
0.5
z
S1 initial Duty D Unit Delay
[S1] ratio 1

C
g

+
+
[rms]

+
-0.2 From2
+ Cin Vin Co RL >= 0 d c Multimeter Vo
Goto8
Step
Duty ratio

C
Switch PWM Generator
L Pulse RMS
-0.4
[S2]
S2 Generator3
(discrete) 108.4

m
From3

E
[rms] PI
Discrete
Vo rms
From12 RMS value
Pulse
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 Voltage Controller
Generator4

a
Time(sec) [S6]
D2 1.9 Gain Product1
Add1 Goto5 [VDS5]

m
1

k
z From10

[S4] Unit Delay1

110 Vref rms [VDS6]
From4

C
From11 Vin Vo1
S4

m
Figure 10. Duty ratio changes of a closed loop

E
Pulse
1
Generator6

Multimeter2
Goto7

a
[S6]

control of a buck converter D4

<IGBT v oltage>
[VDS6]

m
From9

k
S6
D6
m g
m
a E C
k

The above figure shows the changing of

duty ratio in our module. In the previous module by Figure 12. MATLAB simulation of a closed loop
changing the duty ratio to get the desired output control of boost converter.

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voltage.But in this module by giving v reference we
get the output voltage. In this module the duty ratio is The above figure shows the MATLAB
automatically changed due to a closed loop control. design of a proposed boost module. In our previous
In the feedback loop control of a RMS block does not module we can step up the input voltage by changing
generate the finite value for 1 cycle it provides finite the duty ratio. In our previous module the output
value for 1 or 2 cycles. So we have to provide initial voltage is not stable. But in our module by applying a
duty ratio value of 0.5. Previously the duty ratio is closed loop PI controller to previous module we can
maintained at 0.73 by changing it manually where as get the stable output voltage.
here it is maintained constant i.e 0.73 by using a
closed loop circuit. . In the above module we can give v reference as
110𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 / 60 HZ and after simulation we can get
THD of a closed loop control of a buck converter 109𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 / 60 HZ in ac converters the output is not
precies and it is instantaneously. In this module we
can step up the input voltage.
Selected signal: 6 cycles. FFT window (in red): 5 cycles

100

0
Output results of a closed loop control of a buck
-100 converter
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
Time (s)

Fundamental (60Hz) = 131.1 , THD= 1.67%

The below fig shows the switching operations of
10
boost converter in inverting mode. In this mode
Mag (% of Fundamental)

8
switch s2,s3 on for positive half cycle and off for
6
negative half cycle. switch s1,s4 off for positive half
4
cycle and on for negative half cycle for fundamental
2
frequency.
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 11. THD of a closed loop control of a buck

converter.

In the previous we get the THD of 1.95%. But

in this module by applying high frequency to get
reduced the THD.Then after we get THD of 1.67%.

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Switching waveforms output voltage increased. In this converter we can

perform step up operation.
switch s2
Voltage(v)

2
1
0
-1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

Automatic changing of Duty ratio in boost mode

Time(sec)
switch s1
Voltage(v)

2
1
0
-1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Time(sec)
switch s3
Voltage(v)

2
1
0
-1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Time(sec)
switch s4
Voltage(v)

2
1 Duty ratio
0
-1 0.9
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Time(sec)
0.8

0.7

0.6

Duty ratio
Switch s5 0.5
2
0.4
1.5
0.3

1
0.2
Voltage(v)

0.5 0.1

0 0

-0.5 -0.1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Time(sec)
-1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Time(sec)

Switch s6
2

1.5 Figure 15. Duty ratio changes of a closed loop

1
control of a boost converter
Voltage(v)

0.5

-0.5

-1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
The above figure shows the changing of duty ratio in
Time(sec)
our module. In the previous module by changing the
duty ratio to get the desired output voltage.
Figure 13. Switching waveforms of a closed loop

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control of a boost converter. Previously the duty ratio is maintained at
0.37 by changing it manually where as here it is
The above fig shows the switching operations of maintained constant i.e 0.39 by using a closed loop
boost converter in inverting mode. In this mode circuit.
switch s2,s3 on for positive half cycle and off for
negative half cycle. switch s1,s4 off for positive half THD of a closed loop control of a boost converter
cycle and on for negative half cycle for fundamental
frequency. Selected signal: 6 cycles. FFT window (in red): 5 cycles
200

S5 is pulse rating for positive half cycle with -200

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

switching frequency off 25KHZ and completely on Time (s)

for negative off cycle. The switch s6 is completely on Fundamental (60Hz) = 176.1 , THD= 3.19%

for positive half cycle and pulsating for negative half

Mag (% of Fundamental)

cycle with frequency of 25KHZ. 3

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000

Input, output voltage Frequency (Hz)

200
Vo
Vin
Figure 16. THD of a closed loop control of a boost
150

100
converter.
50
Voltage(v)

-50
In this module by applying high frequency to get
-100 reduced the THD.Then after we get THD of 3.19%.
-150

-200
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Time(sec)
Simulation of a closed loop control of buck-boost
ac-ac converter
Figure 14. voltage comparision of a closed loop
control of a boost converter. In this system by applying the closed loop control
scheme to previous converter for control on output
The above figure shows the voltage voltage amplitude. In this system the high frequency
comparision of input and output. In module the operation is carried out for reduction of THD in
output is changed after 0.05 sec because we are output voltage.
giving initial time of 0.05 sec. But in our module the

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 3, March-2018 116
ISSN 2229-5518

Goto6

The above figure shows the voltage

Discre te , <IGBT v oltage> From
[VDS5]
Ts = 1e -06 s.
[S5]
powe rgui S5
D5 [S2]
m g
m
a E C Pulse Goto
k Generator
[S5]

k
m
D3 Goto1 [S3]

From5
comparision of input and output. In the above figure

a
NOT [S1]

Goto2 [S4]
Logical

E
Operator

m
[S6] From6
S3
Goto3 [S2] Scope1

the output voltage is phase shifted to 180 degrees. In

C
g
From7
[S3]
[S1]
From1
From8

k
m
D1
Pulse

module the output is changed after 0.05 sec because

a
Generator1
[S3] 2
Product
1 Add Goto4 Multimeter1 Vin Vo

E
m
0.5
z
S1 initial Duty D

we are giving initial time of 0.05 sec. In our previous

Unit Delay
[S1] ratio 1

C
g

+
+
[rms]

+
From2
+ C in Vin Co RL >= 0
d c Multimeter Vo
Goto8
Step
g

C
Switch PWM Generator Pulse
L [S2] RMS 158.5
S2 Generator3
(discrete)

module the output voltage is 180 degrees phase

m

From3 Vo rms
E

[rms] PI
Discrete
From12 RMS value
Pulse
Voltage Controller
Generator4
a

[S4]
D2 -K-
Gain
Product1
[VDS5]

shifted. But in our module the output voltage is

Add1 Goto5
m

1
k

z From10

[S4] Unit Delay1

130 Vref rms [VDS6]
From4
g

From11
Vin Vo1
S4

increased and decreased with 180 degrees phase shift.

m

Pulse
1
Generator6

Multimeter2
Goto7
a

[VDS6] <IGBT v oltage> [S6] D4

In this converter we can perform both step up and

m

From9
k

S6
D6
m g
m
a E C V Ma g_V_I
k
2
I P _Q 249.7
Multimeter3

step down.
-1.115e-12
Discrete Po
Active & Reactive
Power

Figure 17. MATLAB simulation of a closed loop

control of buck-boost ac-ac converter. Input, output voltage and inductor current

The above figure shows the MATLAB design of a 600

400
Output voltage
Input voltage

proposed module. In our previous module we can

voltage(v)
200

step up and step down the input voltage by changing 0

the duty ratio. But in our previous module the output -200
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
Time(sec)

voltage is not stable.In our module by applying a 30

iL

closed loop PI controller to previous module we can 20

Inductor current

get the stable output voltage.

Current
10

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-10
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
Output results of a closed loop control of a Time(sec)

buck-boost converter figure 20. Input voltage, output voltage and

inductor current waveforms of a closed loop
Switching waveforms control of a buck-boost converter.

The above figure shows the input and output

switch s2
Voltage(v)

2
1
0
-1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Time(sec)
switch s1
voltage and inductor current of our module. In after
Voltage(v)

2
1
0
-1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Time(sec)
switch s5
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
0.05 sec the inductor current will be increased
Voltage(v)

2
1

because we can give initial time of 0.05sec.

0
-1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Time(sec)
switch s6
Voltage(v)

2
1
0
-1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Time(sec)

Switch s3

1.5
2

1
Automatic changing of duty ratio
Voltage(v)

0.5

-0.5

-1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Time(sec)

2
Switch s4 0.9
1.5

1
0.8
Voltage(v)

0.5

-0.5 0.7
-1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Time(sec)

0.6
Voltage(v)

0.5

Figure 18. Switching waveforms of a closed loop 0.4

control of a buck-boost converter. 0.3

0.2

0.1

Input, output voltage 0

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
Time(sec)

300
Output voltage

200
Input voltage
Figure 21. Duty ratio changes of a closed loop
100
control of a buck-boost converter in boost mode
0
Voltage(v)

-100

-200

-300

-400

-500
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
Time(sec)

Figure 19. Voltage comparision of a closed loop

control of a buck-boost converter.

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 3, March-2018 117
ISSN 2229-5518

THD of a closed loop control of a buck-boost 1173–1181, May 2009.

converter [3] L. Chen, and F. Z.Peng , “Simple topologies of
PWM ac-ac converters,” IEEE Power Electron.
Lett., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 10–13, Mar. 2003.
Selected signal: 12 cycles. FFT window (in red): 1 cycles [4] S.-C. Won, B.-H. Kwon, B.-D. Min , and J.-H.
200
Kim, “A PWM buck-boost ac chopper solving
0
the commutation problem,” IEEE Ind.Electron.
-200

-400
Lett., vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 832–835, Oct. 1998.
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
Time (s)
0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 [5] F. Z. Peng, Z. M. Qian, and X. P. Fang, “Single-
phase Z-source PWM ac-ac converters,” IEEE
Fundamental (60Hz) = 148.6 , THD= 2.87% Power Electron. Lett., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 121–124,
Dec. 2005.
0.4
[6] X. RUAN and Y. Zhang, “AC-AC converter
Mag (% of Fundamental)

0.3
with controllable phase and amplitude,” IEEE
0.2 Trans. Power Electron., vol. 29, no. 11, pp.
0.1
6235–6244, Nov. 2014.
0
0 100 200 300 400 500
Frequency (Hz)
600 700 800 900 1000
[7] C. A. PETRY, T. B. SOEIRO, I. BARBI, and
J.C.D.S. FAGUNDES, “Direct ac-ac converters
using commercial power modules applied to
voltage restorers,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,
vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 278–288, Jan. 2011.

IJSER
figure 22. THD of a closed loop control of a buck- [8] T. B. LAZZARIN, I. BARBI, and R. L.
boost converter. Andersen, “A switched-capacitor three-phase ac-
ac converter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol.
62, no. 2, 735–745, Feb. 2015.
In the previous we get the THD of 3.87%. But
[9] M. K. Nguyen, Y. C. LIM, and Y. G. JUNG,
in this module by applying high frequency to get
“Single-phase ac–ac converter based on quasi-Z-
reduced the THD.Then after we get THD of 2.87%.
source topology,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,
vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 2200–2210, Aug. 2010.
5 CONCLUSION [10] D.TANG AND L.LI, “Cascaded three-level
ac/ac direct converter,” IEEETrans. Ind.
Earlier projects or works have done with open loop Electron., vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 27–34, Jan. 2012.
control system, so there is no feedback from the
output side and hence there is no control of output
voltage. So here have to control the output voltage
has to maintain high gain which depends upon the
duty ratio. In our project the duty ratio varied by
manually. So that extension introducing a PI
controller as a feedback loop system, the duty ratio of
MOSFET is controlled dynamically, this controls the
output voltage of the circuit topology with any
change in input or load. In the previous project the
THD will be high but in our project by applying high
frequency to get reduced the THD.

REFERENCES

[1] Hafiz furqanahmed, honnyong cha,ashrafalikhan

“a novel buck-boost ac-ac converter with both
inverting and noninverting operations and
without commutation problem,” IEEE Trans.
Power Electron., vol. 31, no. 6, jun. 2016.
[2] S. Schulz, A. Lindemann, and C. Eckleble,
“Bidirectional switch com-mutation for a matrix
converter supplying a series resonant load,”
IEEETrans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 5, pp.

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