WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Math 10, Quarter 2, Week 4

Theorems on Arcs, Chords, Central Angles, and Inscribed Angles

Name: ___________________________________________ Section: ____________________

Most Essential Learning Competency:

- proves theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles.
(M10GE-IIc-d-1)

Learning Objectives:

A. Knowledge: state the theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles, and
inscribed angles.

B. Skills: prove theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed
angles of a circle using two-column proof

C. Attitude: appreciate the use of the theorems related to chords, arcs, and
central angles of a circle in finding solutions to real-life problems.

Time Allotment: 3 hours

Key Concepts

• Theorems on Central Angles, Arcs, and Chords

1. In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their
corresponding central angles are congruent.

In L below, RLE ≅ OLV. Since the two central angles are congruent, the minor arcs
they intercept are also congruent. Hence RE ≅ OV.

If L≅ Y, and RLE ≅ OLV ≅ BYE, then RE ≅ OV ≅ BE.

2. In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their
corresponding chords are congruent.

In Q below, AT ≅ MH. Since the two chords are congruent, then AT ≅ MH.

If Q≅ Z and AT ≅ MH ≅ GU, then AT ≅ MH ≅ GU.

Author: ADONIS C. ABULOC Division: Surigao del Sur

School: Tagbina National High School Email Address: adonis.abuloc@deped.gov.ph
 3. In a circle, a diameter bisects a chord and an arc with the same endpoints if and only if it
is perpendicular to the chord.

In V on the right, ED is a diameter and AN is a chord.

If ED AN, then AL ≅ NL and AD ≅ DN.

• Theorems on Inscribed Angles

1. If an angle is inscribed in a circle, then the measure of the angle equals one-half the
measure of its intercepted arc (or the measure of the intercepted arc is twice the measure
of the inscribed angle).

In K on the right, MAY is an inscribed angle and MY

is its intercepted arc. If mMY = 1200, then m MAY = 600.

2. If two inscribed angles of a circle (or congruent circles) intercept congruent arcs or the
same arc, then the angles are congruent.

Example 1:
In B on the right, DTP and DRP intercept PD.
Since DTP and DRP intercept the same arc,
the two angles then are congruent.

Example 2:
In O on the right, ECQ and TUW intercept EQ and TW,
respectively. If EQ ≅ TW, then ECQ ≅ TUW.

3. If an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts a semicircle, then the angle is a right angle.

In F on the right, NJR intercepts NPR.

If NPR is a semicircle, NJR is a right angle.

4. If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles are supplementary.

Quadrilateral MZHL is inscribed in G.

m HLM + m HZM= 1800.
m ZML + m ZHL = 1800.

Author: ADONIS C. ABULOC Division: Surigao del Sur

School: Tagbina National High School Email Address: adonis.abuloc@deped.gov.ph
 • Proving

Example 1
Given: T ≅ P
UTD ≅ OPM

Prove: UD ≅ OM

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. T≅ P 1. Given
UTD ≅ OPM

2. In T, m UTD = mUD. 2. The degree measure of a minor arc is the

measure of the central angle which
In P, m OPM = mOM.
intercepts the arc.
3. m UTD = m OPM 3. From 1, definition of congruent angles

4. mUD = mOM 4. From 2 & 3, substitution

5. UD ≅ OM 5. From 4, definition of congruent arcs

Example 2
Given: PQR inscribed in S and
PQ is a diameter.

1
Prove: m PQR = mPR
2
Draw RS and let m PQR = x.

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. PQR is inscribed in S and 1. Given
PQ is a diameter.

2. QS ≅ RS 2. All radii of the same circle are congruent.

3. ∆QRS is an isosceles triangle. 3. From 2, definition of isosceles triangle
4. PQR ≅ QRS 4. Base angles of an isosceles triangle are
congruent.
5. m PQR = m QRS 5. From 4, substitution
6. m QRS = x 6. From 5, substitution
7. The sum of the measures of the two
7. m PSR = 2x remote interior angles in a triangle is equal
to the measure of the exterior angle of the
third angle.
8. The measure of the central angle is equal
8. m PSR = mPR to the measure of its intercepted arc.

9. mPR = 2x 9. From 8, substitution

10. mPR = 2(m QRS ) 10. From 6, substitution

1
11. m QRS = mPR 11. From 10, divide both sides by 2
2

1
12. m PQR = mPR 12. From 5, substitution
2

Author: ADONIS C. ABULOC Division: Surigao del Sur

School: Tagbina National High School Email Address: adonis.abuloc@deped.gov.ph
Activities

Activity 1 (Complete Me!)

What you need: pen, paper
What to do: Complete the proof of the following theorems.

1. If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles are supplementary.

Given: Quadrilateral ZHLM is inscribed in G.

Prove: m MZH + m HLM = 1800.

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Quadrilateral MZHL is inscribed in G. 1. Given

2. m MZH = mMLH 2.
2

m HLM = mHZM
2
3. Arc Addition Postulate
3. mMLH + mHZM = 3600 The measure of the arc formed by two
adjacent arcs is the sum of the
measures of the two arcs.

4. m MZH + m HLM = mMLH + mHZM 4.

2 2

5. m MZH + m HLM = mMLH + mHZM 5.

2

6. m MZH + m HLM = 3600 = 1800

2 6.

2. In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their
corresponding chords are congruent.

Given: O≅ Z
AB ≅ GU

Prove: AB ≅ GU
Draw OA, OB, ZU, and ZG.

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. O≅ Z 1. Given
AB ≅ GU

2. OB ≅ OA ≅ ZU ≅ ZG 2.
3. ∆AOB ≅ ∆UZG 3. Side-Side-Side (SSS) Triangle
Congruence Postulate

4. AOB ≅ UZG 4. Corresponding Parts of Congruent

Triangles are Congruent (CPCTC)

5. AB ≅ GU 5.

Author: ADONIS C. ABULOC Division: Surigao del Sur

School: Tagbina National High School Email Address: adonis.abuloc@deped.gov.ph
Activity 2 (Prove It!)
What you need: pen, paper
What to do: Write a two-column proof for statement below.

Given: MT and ZC are chords of D and MC ≅ ZT

Prove: ∆CHM ≅ ∆THZ

Proof:
Statements Reasons

Guide Questions:

1. Were you able to use the theorems on inscribed angles to prove congruence of triangles?

2. Which part of the proof you find the most difficult?

Activity 3 (Take Me To The Real World!)

What you need: pen, paper
What to do: Read the situation below and answer the question that follows.

The chairs of a movie house are arranged consecutively like an arc of a circle. Joanna,
Clarissa, and Juliana entered the movie house but seated away from each other as shown
below.

Let E and G be the ends of the screen and F be one of the seats. The angle formed by
E, F, and G or EFG is called the viewing angle of the person seated at F. Suppose the
viewing angle of Clarissa in the above figure measures 38 0. What are the measures of the
viewing angles of Joanna and Juliana. Explain your answer.

Author: ADONIS C. ABULOC Division: Surigao del Sur

School: Tagbina National High School Email Address: adonis.abuloc@deped.gov.ph
Reflection

Why do we need to prove the theorems on arcs, chords, central angles, and inscribed angles?

Is proving using the two-column proof difficult or easy?

Are those theorems on arcs, chords, central angles, and inscribed angles important in real-life
setting?

Can you cite a situation where you can apply those theorems on arcs, chords, central angles,
and inscribed angles?

References

Callanta, Melvin M., Canonigo, Allan M., Chua, Arnaldo I., Cruz, Jerry D., Esparrago, Mirla S.,
Garcia, Elino S., Magnaye, Aries N., Orines, Fernando B., Perez, Rowena S., and Ternida,
Concepcion S. “Mathematics 10 Learner’s Module”, First Edition 2015, pp. 135-176

Answer Key

Activity 1

No. 1
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Quadrilateral MZHL is inscribed in G. 1. Given

2. m MZH = mMLH 2. The measure of the inscribed

2 angle is equal to one-half of the
measure of its intercepted arc.
m HLM = mHZM
2

3. mMLH + mHZM = 3600 3. Arc Addition Postulate

The measure of the arc formed by
two adjacent arcs is the sum of
the measures of the two arcs.

4. m MZH + m HLM = mMLH + mHZM 4. Addition of Angle measures;

2 2 From 2, substitution

5. m MZH + m HLM = mMLH + mHZM 5. Addition of Similar Fractions

2

6. m MZH + m HLM = 3600 = 1800

2 6. From 3, substitution
Simplification

No. 2
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. O≅ Z 1. Given
AB ≅ GU

2. OB ≅ OA ≅ ZU ≅ ZG 2. All radii of the same circle are congruent.

3. ∆AOB ≅ ∆UZG 3. Side-Side-Side (SSS) Triangle Congruence
Postulate

4. AOB ≅ UZG 4. Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles

are Congruent (CPCTC)
5. In congruent circles, intercepted arcs with
5. AB ≅GU congruent central angles are congruent.

Author: ADONIS C. ABULOC Division: Surigao del Sur

School: Tagbina National High School Email Address: adonis.abuloc@deped.gov.ph
 Activity 2

Possible Answer

Proof:
Statements Reasons

1. MC ≅ ZT Given

2. CMT ≅ TZC Inscribed angles which intercept the same

arc are congruent.

3. MCZ ≅ ZTM Inscribed angles which intercept the same

arc are congruent.

4. ∆CHM ≅ ∆THZ Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Triangle

Congruence Postulate

Author: ADONIS C. ABULOC Division: Surigao del Sur

School: Tagbina National High School Email Address: adonis.abuloc@deped.gov.ph