FUNDAMENTAL OF RESEARCH

STA220

TITLE PROJECT:

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON MENTAL HEALTH AND

EMOTIONAL AMONG IPTA STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA

PROGRAM : FACULTY COMPUTER AND

MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

PROGRAM CODE : CS1435G

SELF DECLARATION

1. I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own.

2. This assignment/project/test/quiz/final assessment is my own work.

3. I have not involved, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off
as their own work.

4. I acknowledge that copying someone else’s work (or part of it) is wrong and declare that my
assignment/project/test/quiz/final assessment is my own work.

kali enter) (jara

NO. GROUP MEMBERS STUDENT ID
1. Alya Aqilah bt Fauzi 2018422552
2. Aina Zulaika binti Md Ramli 2018284748
3. Nur Errieanna Balqish binti Basri 2018637594
4. Muhammad Danial Haziq bin Zairel 2018445026
5. Mohamad Hasief bin Mohamad Yusof 2018800796

(
PREPARED FOR: DR NORHASNIZA IDHAM ABU HASAN
R

GROUP PHOTO

Alya Aqilah Aina Zulaika Nur Errieanna Balqish

Mohammad Hasief Muhammad Danial Haziq

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WRITTEN REPORT EVALUATION FORM

PROJECT EVALUATION RUBRIC (WRITTEN REPORT)

Item Beginner Approaching Intermediate
1 2 3
Title Title was inappropriate Title lack relevance Title is relevant T
4 given the problem, given the problem, offering details
question and method question and method about the proposed su
research study d
pr

CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION
Problem Statement The gap has been not The gap has been not The gap has been T
been identified. identified. identified.
2
The focus are unclear The focus are clear The focus are clear Th
and inconsistent and consistent and consistent
Research Objectives and Questions Absent grounded in Poorly grounded in Lightly stated
literature and/poor literature and/poor objectives and
theory theory questions and qu
3 somewhat connects
to theory and/or
literature
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Research Hypothesis Hypothesis stated was Hypothesis stated was Hypothesis stated H
irrelevant and not irrelevant and related was relevant and not wa
2 related to the Research to the Research related to the
Objective Objective Research Objective Re
Contribution of the Study Unable to defined the A
4 significance of the s
study
Limitation of the Study The limitation of the The limitation of the The limitation of the Th
4 study is unclear study is clear but not study is clear but stu
well explained and less explained

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE
REVIEW
Relevant sources No new information and Gives some new Somewhat Ve
4 very poorly organized information and very informative and
poorly organized organized
Sufficient number of reference 0-5 5-10 10-1
The reference are not The reference are The reference are T
related with the study related but most of the related but the
All The referred articles referred articles were referred articles ref
4 were from Google from unrecognized were from
website website unrecognized
website
Literature Review Organization The structure of the The structure of the A workable structure Str
literature review is literature review is has been presenting
incomprehensible, weak. It does not relevant literature inc
4 irrelevant and confusing identify important related to the c
ideas constructs of the p
proposed study

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
Research Design The research design is The research design is The research design
inappropriate or has not confusing or is identified and
been identified or incomplete. described in de
3 described using sufficiently detailed
standard terminology. terms.
Sampling Design The sampling strategy The sampling strategy The sampling
3 was inappropriate for was confusing, lack strategy was
the research questions relevance to the adequately identified rea
purpose ,was and described a
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incomplete or failed to
identify specific p
quantitative or
qualitative details

a
Data Collection Method Procedure for gathering Procedure for Procedure for
the data was not gathering the data was gathering the data
explained confusing was identified and
described in a
3 chronological
fashion
g

Design of Analysis Proposed analytical Proposed descriptive Both proposed A

method (descriptive, and inferential descriptive and
inferential) were methods were inferential method
2 missing and confusing, incomplete were identified. a
inappropriately aligned or lacked relevance to re
with research questions the research questions r
or research objectives. or research objective

Explanation Explanation to the Explanation to the Explanation to the D

problem is confusing problem is unclear or problem is basic and
and non-existent incomplete lacks elaboration
3

Quality of writing The report was written The report was written The report was
with no style of writing, a little style of writing, written in an
very poorly organized, very poorly organized, interesting style and
so many spelling, has number of voice. Few spelling a
3 punctuation and spelling, punctuation and punctuations
grammatical errors that and grammatical erors,minor
is interferes with the errors that is interferes grammatical errors g
meaning with the meaning
TOTAL (/60) 48
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, praise and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for His showers of
blessings throughout our project work to complete this group project for STA220 successfully.

We would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my lecturer DR. Norhasniza
Idham Abu Hasan for giving us the opportunity to do research and providing invaluable guidance
throughout this project. Her dynamism, vision, sincerity and motivation have deeply inspired us.
She has taught us the methodology to carry out the research and to present the research works
as clearly as possible. It was a great privilege and honor to work and study under her guidance.
We are extremely grateful for what she has offered us. We would also like to thank her for her
empathy and great sense of humor.
On top of that, we want to thank University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) for giving us this
opportunity to use the facilities that they have provided in completing this assignment.

We are extremely grateful to our parents for their love, prayers, caring and sacrifices for
educating and preparing us for our future. Special thanks go to our group members, Alya Aqilah,
Nur Errieanna Balqish, Aina Zulaika, Muhammad Danial Haziq and Mohamad Hasief for the keen
interest shown to complete this project successfully.

Finally, thanks go to all the people who have supported and participated in our online
survey in order to complete the project work directly or indirectly.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Page
Acknowledgement
Table of Content
Chapter 1: Introduction
1-5
1.1 Background of Study

1.2 Problem Statement

1.3 Research Objective

1.4 Research Questions

1.5 Hypothesis Statement

1.6 Significance of the Study

1.7 Limitation of the Study

Chapter 2: Literature Review 6-9

Chapter 3: Research Methodology 10-12

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Population/sample/sample size

3.3 Sampling Design

3.4 Data collection method

3.5 Data preparation

3.6 Description of variable

3.7 Data analysis

Chapter 4: Results & Findings 13-25

Chapter 5: Discussions, Conclusions & Recommendations 26

References 27-28

Appendix 29-33

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of study

Before the convenience and the accessibility of electronic devices, students had to
seek creative ways to spend their free time. Communication was a simple phone call, a note
pass during class, a conversation at university, or a scheduled event. Generation Y otherwise
known as Millennials, born between 1980-1994 and Generation Z otherwise known as Gen
Next, born between 1995-2016 have been raised and are currently being raised in a digital era
(Fry, 2016).
IPTA students are students of public institutes of higher learning that have a wide range
of student categories ranging from diplomas, degrees, phds, and masters. Social media refers
to the means of interactions among people within which they create, share, and/or exchange
information and ideas in virtual communities and networks (“Social Media”, 2004, para. 1). The
Office of Communications and Marketing manages the foremost Facebook, Twitter,
Instagram, Snapchat, YouTube and Vimeo accounts. However, it’s important to remember
that social media can never be a replacement for real-world human connection, but social
media use could even be problematic if it causes you to neglect face-to-face relationships,
distracts you from work or school, or leaves you feeling envious, angry, or
depressed.(Lawrence Robinson and Melinda Smith, M.A. (2020).
Similarly, if you are motivated to use social media just because you’re bored or lonely
or want to post something to create others jealous or upset, it should be time to reassess your
social media habits. Especially in youth mental wellbeing, the association between enhanced
usage of social media and increased depressive and anxiety levels, inadequate sleep, low
self-esteem and physical appearance issues. They need a nasty lifestyle which is that they
spend longer on social media.
The World Health Organization (2014) includes the term well-being in their definition
of mental health, stating that “mental health is a state of well-being in which every individual
realizes his or her own potential…” (WHO, 2014, para. 1). Following, multiple studies have
found a powerful link between social media use and an increasing risk of depression, anxiety,
loneliness, self-harm, and even suicidal thoughts. Social media may promote negative
experiences like inadequacy about your life or appearance. This is often because we live in
an age where social media are places where we fill our free time nowadays. Social media has
set a regular social media where not all people can reach that standard and this has caused
someone to suffer from lack of self-confidence because of being unable to achieve the quality.
As an example, society has set a beauty standard at a level where someone who doesn't

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reach the extent of beauty are going to be criticized for having a glance that doesn't reach the
wonder standard that they themselves set.
University students use social networking sites as the simplest way to speak, these
sites have led to an immense increase in communication worldwide. In addition, students are
trying to multitask. They're trying to test various social media sites while they study. This results
in reduced academic performance. (Steve Armstrong, 2012). Besides, their ability to focus on
their task at hand gets significantly reduced because of the distraction that's brought by of
these social media sites. The other negative effect on students is that they're spending an
excessive amount of time on social sites, and far lesser time on socializing in the flesh and
social media also affect their mental state and emotional state. This can interrupt their studies.
The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of social media on mental health and
emotional well-being among IPTA students in Malaysia.

1.2 Problem Statement

1. Social media use can have a serious negative impact on areas of well-being including
feelings of depression, anxiety, fear of missing out, body image, bullying and sleep.
(Mojtabai, Olfson and Han, 2016)
2. Social media addiction is a problem that has received more concern from society
because it was found to cause serious issues to users who are unable to refrain
themselves from accessing social media. (Karaiskos et al., 2010; Kuss & Griffiths,
2011).
3. Bullying through social media, known as cyberbullying, is increasingly prevalent
amongst today’s youth. Internet and cellular phone victimization can extend to use of
hate sites, death sites, and unwanted sexual experiences which compromise the
victim;s anonymity and can be potentially devastating to the youngster. (Arunditi
Xantus, Samantha B. Saltz and Jon A. Shaw, 2015).
4. Unfortunately, students are the most active social media users, have a predominantly
high risk for developing mental health issues, making this connection particularly
concerning. At present, it is unclear how social media and mental health are connected.
(Amelia C. Strickland, 2014).
5. During the past decade, mental health issues regarding online social networking have
caused profound changes in the way people communicate and interact. (Igor Pantic,
2014).

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1.3 Research Objectives

1. To determine the demographic profiles of the respondent.

the higher/the most freqency/the active in
2. To identify whether social media has a negative effect on mental health and emotional
well-being among students.
3. To determine the relationship between time spent on social media with mental health
and emotional well-being among students.
behaviour of
4. To determine a student's habits of using social media.
5. To assess the correlation between social media use and impaired mental health
towards IPTA students.
6. To explore the consciousness of potential impacts of expanded use of social media can
have on students’ mental health.

1.4 Research Questions

1. What are the demographic profiles of the respondent?

2. Does social media have a negative effect on mental health and emotional well-being
among students?
3. Is there any significant relationship between time spent on social media with mental
health and emotional well-being among students?
4. What is student's habits of using social media?
related
5. How social media use and impaired mental health towards IPTA students?
6. How to explore the consciousness of potential impacts of expanded use of social media
can have on students’ mental health?

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DEPRESSION

IPTA
SOCIAL STUDENTS’
ANXIETY
MEDIA MENTAL
HEALTH AND

TIME SPENT

Figure 1: Theoretical Framework

This theoretical framework, we adopt from (Davis, 2001) but in order to differentiate our
research with others research, we adopt a new element which is time spent.

not telly with objective

1.5 Hypothesis Statement

𝐻01 : There is a significant relationship between depression and IPTA students' mental health
and emotional issues.

𝐻02 : There is a significant relationship between anxiety and IPTA students’ mental health and
emotional issues.

𝐻03 : There is a significant relationship between time spent on social media and IPTA students’
mental health and emotional issues.

1.6 Significance of the Study

1. Information that has been obtained from this study can be helpful to medical
professional and social science research.
2. The importance of these findings is to facilitate the further research on social media
and mental health issues.

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3. It is for the government to identify the statistical trends and trails where the health
care providers can monitor the local conditions.

1.7 Limitation of the Study

1. Time to distribute and collect the surveys. Access to a range of students within the
online class can be a limitation based on classes students take. Schedules of their
classes will restrict which students can be surveyed.
2. Participants are selected through convenience sampling. Participants were chosen
within already defined groups of people, or classes that are in close proximity to each
other.
3. Population of these studies is 706550 but we can only conduct a survey with 200
participants. It is hard to understand the specific impact of social media on mental health
and emotion among IPTA students and to generalize the results based on only 200
participants.

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

SOCIAL MEDIA
From the research made by Sarah Nichole Koehler and Bobbie Rose Parrell (2020)
reported that with the continuing technological advancements, social media also known as
social networking has become the most popular form of communication and interaction
between people of all ages throughout the world. Social media (SM) is a way to communicate
and share content through various technological platforms (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010) such as
Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, Tumblr, etc. Research on the growing popularity of
social media use has found that nearly 8 in 10 Americans use social media, which amounts to
a total population basis of 68% on Facebook, 21% on Twitter, 25% on Pinterest, and 26% on
Instagram (Greenwood et al, 2018). Statistics show that the extent of time people spend on
social media sites amount to significantly high rates. On average, 28% of the time spent using
the internet is for social media interaction (Huang, 2018). Social media’s impact on mental
health complicates social service delivery on the micro level due to the significant growth of
mental health symptoms. As more individuals are presenting with anxiety, depression, low self-
esteem, etc. due to their social media use, increased service providers are needed. Mental
health service providers need to be aware of social media’s impact on mental health to better
serve individuals affected by this issue. There is also a need for further training on how to
assess for social media use and the potential impacts on mental health. Having an increased
understanding of the impacts of social media use will lead to more efficient and effective
treatment for clients.

Furthermore, the study from Katy Kennedy (2019) indicates that social media is an
increasingly popular tool with 77% of respondents within the United States owning at least one
social media profile in 2018 (Edison Research, 2018). Social media use has grown from
approximately 56% of users having more than one profile in 2016 to the average consumer
citing use of more than four different social media platforms in 2018 (Duggan & Page, 2016;
Smith & Anders, 2018). Social media is used for various reasons including making
communication faster and information available within seconds, providing opportunities for
collaboration and support, delivering a global network of entertainment, helping users form a
sense of self-identity and offering access to employment opportunities. Different social media
platforms are created, and continue to be created, to fit these demands. Myspace, Facebook,
Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Vine, Snapchat, YouTube, Google+, Pinterest, Tumbler,
Redditt,and WhatsApp are some of the different social media platforms currently offered.
Facebook continues to lead the social media world. In 2017, Verto Analytics (2018) found 239

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million users accessed their profiles at least once a month; with over half logging in on their
mobile phones.

Next, the study by Mesfin A. Bekalu,Rachel F. McCloud and K. Viswanath (2019)

indicates that young individuals pervasively use social media for a variety of reasons including
entertainment, identity formation, social enhancement (augmenting offline social status through
online interactions), and maintaining interpersonal connections (Ifinedo, 2016). Such uses may
hold promises to compensate for the diminishing face-to-face social interaction and the
economic, social, and health outcomes resulting from it (Antoci, Sabatini, & Sodini, 2015).
Studies suggest that social media can provide individuals with a platform that overcomes
barriers of distance and time to connect and reconnect with others and thereby expand and
strengthen their offline networks and interactions (Antoci et al., 2015; Hall, Kearney, & Xing,
2018; Subrahmanyam, Reich, Waechter, & Espinoza, 2008).

MENTAL HEALTH
As indicated from the journal by Deepa Rajesh and Dr. V. Krishna Priya (2020),
recently, a few specialists have related social networking sites with a few mental disorders
which include depression and anxiety. Since social networking sites are a moderately new
wonder, numerous inquiries concerning the potential effect on mental health remain
unanswered. Patel,et al.(2016.) pointed out that online networking is creating a problem like
uneasiness, sorrow, and dietary issues. Besides, the utilization of social media has been
turning out to be a progressively troublesome issue for younger’s since more invests their
energy looking over however social media applications and they don't get anything as result it
is a huge danger of youngster’s mental health. It is commonly discovered that unnecessary
utilization of SNS can prompt elevated misery, uneasiness, pain, depression, and
disappointment with life, in this manner falling apart psychological well-being (Woods and
Scott, 2016).

Next, the study by Niall McCrae, Sheryl Gettings and Edward Purssell (2017) indicates
that a high proportion of serious mental health problems in adulthood emerges during
adolescence (Kessler et al. 2005; Children Young People’s Health Outcomes Forum 2012).
Epidemiological data predating mass use of online social media showed a high risk of
depression in this age group, with estimates of 2–5% prevalence of major depressive disorder
(Costello et al. 2003), but recent reports show an alarming increase in depressed younger
people (Office for National Statistics 2014). The internet, and related social trends, may be a
major factor in the rise of psychological morbidity in the young.

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Besides, the study by Amir Hossein Yazdavar, Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad,
Goonmeet Bajaj, William Romine, Amit Sheth, Amir Hassan Monadjemi, Krishnaprasad
Thirunarayan, John M. Meddar, Annie Myers, Jyotishman Pathak, Pascal Hitzler (2020)
reported that recent years have witnessed rapid growth in the analysis of social media for
studying a wide range of health problems from detecting the influenza epidemic and cardiac
arrest to studying mood and mental health conditions. The widespread adoption of social media
where people voluntarily and publicly express their thoughts, moods, emotions, and feelings,
and share their daily struggles with mental health has not been adequately tapped into studying
mental illnesses, such as depression. Insights gleaned from social media such as Twitter can
be complementary to the current survey-based methods that can assist both governmental and
non-governmental organizations in policy development.

CYBERBULLYING
The study by Michelle O’Reilly, Nisha Dogra, Natasha Whiteman, Jason Hughes,
Seyda Eruyar and Paul Reilly (2018) reported that it is well-established that one of the
consequential problems of the digital age is the rise of cyberbullying. A recent scoping review
of international studies on cyberbullying showed a median prevalence of 23%, with social
media being the main platform, alongside social networking and other applications (Hamm et
al., 2015). Cyberbullying was an issue that participants talked about considerably and felt was
a real risk to young people’s mental health and wellbeing. In so doing, they actively blamed
social media for facilitating this aspect of adolescent life and was described by some as
endemic to adolescent living. Notably, however, they rarely shared personal stories of their
own bullying experiences and instead positioned their reports in the abstract, third party way,
reflecting the broader discourses of the phenomenon often found in schools and traditional
media.

Furthermore, as indicated by the research by Larisa McLoughlin, Barbara Spears and

Carmel Taddeo (2018), there is a relationship between becoming a victim of cyberbullying and
loneliness among adolescents, in that loneliness can be predicted by cyber victimization
(Sahin, 2012). A combination of loneliness, depression, empathy and self-esteem has been
found to play a role in predicting cyber victimization (Brewer & Kerslake, 2015; Olenik-
Shemesh, Heiman & Eden, 2012; Wachs, 2012). In contrast, however, research suggests that
even among those who have been cyberbullied, the online environment hosts a number of
supportive communities which can serve as an escape or buffer against bullies (Davis, Randall,
Ambrose & Orand, 2015). Cyberbullying can lead to mental health concerns, including sleep
loss, feelings of normalcy, anxiety, depression, lower levels of social connectedness, and

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suicidal ideation (Campbell, Spears, Slee, Butler & Kift, 2012; Haynie, Nansel, Eitel, Crump,
Saylor, Yu & Simons-Morton, 2001; Kowalski, Giumetti, Schroeder & Lattanner, 2014; Patchin
& Hinduja, 2006; Spears, Taddeo,Daly, Stretton & Karklins, 2015; van Geel, Vedder & Tanilon,
2014). A combination of both traditional bullying and cyberbullying also is believed to have an
increased negative impact on mental health than either form alone (Landstedt & Persson,
2014).

ADDICTION

From the research by K. Sriwilai and P. Charoensukmongkol (2015), it reports that

recently, addiction to social media is the issue that has received high concerns in society
because people nowadays can have more frequent access to social media from portable
devices, such as computer tablets or cellular phones, compared with in the past. In particular,
Karaiskos et al. (2010) considered social media addiction as an urge-driven disorder with a
strong compulsive component. At the present time, research focusing on social media addiction
is still scant (Griffiths, Kuss, & Demetrovics, 2014). For the causes of social media addiction,
e.g. Koc and Gulyagci (2013) collected data from student samples and found that Facebook
addiction was explained by factors such as weekly time commitment, social motives, severe
depression, and anxiety and insomnia; however, they did not find any relationship with
demographic variables. A few studies also explore the outcomes of social media addiction.

Next, the study from Aina Amiera Abd Rahman and Fariza Hanis Abdul Razal (2019)
indicates that internet addiction is becoming a significant problem worldwide. The number is
getting higher every day. University students are the one that are very vulnerable for the reason
that the internet is an important part in the student life. There is significant evidence for the
internet use and addiction among university students not just in Malaysia but in other countries
also. Social media addiction is a term nowadays that has been used to describe a situation
where a person spends too much time on social media that it gives a negative impact to other
aspects of his or her daily life like school, work or relationship with others (Walker, 2011). One
of the reasons for the tendency of young people towards social media is the effort to express
their personality in order to make sense of their existence, to exude self-confidence and to earn
approval of their social circle. Thus, young people generally behave so as to create a positive
impact on people around them.

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CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

● Descriptive Quantitative Method

● Questionnaire

3.2 Population/Sample/Sample Size

● Our target population are all IPTA (Institut Pengajian Tinggi Awam) students in
Malaysia.
● The sample are 200 IPTA students in Malaysia. how to get 200

3.3 Sampling Design explain brieftly how select sampel

● Convenience sampling
● We determine the sample size by using the software sample size calculator by Raosoft.

3.4 Data Collection Method

● In order to obtain all our data, we used online surveys (Google form) as our data
collection techniques. We shared the Google form to our friends from other IPTA for
them to distribute to other students from their university. We used this technique
because it was easy to get the data and also save time and cost.

3.5 Data preparation

● The data obtained is sorted according to the research question that we have proposed.
That was to make sure we are able to easily and efficiently analyse the data. We use
Microsoft Words to generate the graph based on the questionnaire.

3.6 Description of variable

Variable Type of variable Level of measurement

Gender Qualitative Nominal-level
Age Quantitative Ratio-level
Level education Qualitative Ordinal-level
University Qualitative Nominal-level
Do you think social media is harmful to Qualitative Nominal-level
mental health and emotional people?
What is your purpose of using social media? Qualitative Nominal-level

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What social networking sites do you use? Qualitative Nominal-level
How much time do you spend on social Quantitative continuous Ratio-level
media?
What do you feel when you use social Qualitative Nominal-level
media?
What are the negative effects of social Qualitative Nominal-level
media that you experience?

What do you feel if you don't use social Qualitative Nominal-level

media in daily life?

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3.7 Data analysis
For analyzing this data, we used descriptive statistics as we collect, organize, classify,
summarize, and present the data from our sample. Then we used frequency table, contingency
table, pie charts, horizontal and vertical bar charts, multiple bar charts and ogive as the method
of analysis for our data.

NO OBJECTIVE VARIABLE METHOD OF

ANALYSIS

1 To determine the demographic Gender Pie Chart

profiles of the respondent
Age Histogram

Level education Bar Chart

University Bar Chart

2 To identify whether social
media has a negative effect on
mental health and emotional
well-being among students.
What are the negative Bar Chart relationship using????
effects of social media
that you experience?

3 To determine the relationship How much time do you Pie Chart relationship??/

between time spent on social spend on social media?

media with mental health and

emotional well-being among
students.

4 To determine a student's What is your purpose of

using social media? Bar Chart
habits of using social media.
What social networking Bar Chart
sites do you use?
5 To assess the correlation What do you feel when Bar Chart relationship

between social media use and you use social media?

What do you feel if you Bar Chart
impaired mental health don't use social media in
towards IPTA students. daily life?

6 To explore the consciousness Do you think social Pie Chart relationship

of potential impacts of media is harmful to

mental health and
expanded use of social media emotional people?
can have on students’ mental
health.

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CHAPTER 4: RESULT & FINDINGS

4.1 Gender of respondent

Figure 4.1 Gender of respondent

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

MALE 74 37

FEMALE 126 63

TOTAL 200 100

Table 4.1 Gender of respondent

Comment: From this pie chart, there are 74 male students (37%) and 126 female students
(63%) that cooperate with our online survey.

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4.2 Age of respondent

Figure 4.2 Age of respondent

Age Frequency Percentage (%)

18-20 69 34.5

21-25 98 49

26-30 29 14.5

>30 4 2

TOTAL 200 100

Table 4.2 Age of respondent

Comment: From this histogram shows that the respondents from age 21-25 years old have the
most frequency which is 98 respondents (49%), the moderate frequency is 18-20 years old

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which has 69 respondents (34.5%) while respondents with age more than 30 years old has
the lowest frequency which is 4(2%).

4.3 Level of Education

Figure 4.3 Level of education of respondent

LEVEL OF EDUCATION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

Matriculation 5 2.5

Certificate 8 4

Pre-University 11 5.5

Diploma 165 82.5

Bachelor Degrees 9 4.5

Master’s Degree 1 0.5

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 1 0.5

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TOTAL 200 100

Table 4.3 Level of education of respondent

Comment: From this bar chart shows that the most of the respondents are Diploma students
with 82.5% while the lowest respondent are from Master’s Degree and Doctor of
Philosophy(PhD) students with 0.5%.

4.4 University of respondent

Figure 4.4 University of respondent

UNIVERSITY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

Malacca Matriculation College 5 2.5

Kajang Community College 8 4

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University of Malaya (UM) 10 5

University Kebangsaan Malaysia 4 2

(UKM)

University Islam Antarabangsa 9 4.5

Malaysia (UIAM)

University Teknologi MARA 153 76.5

(UiTM)

University Sultan Zainal Abidin 1 0.5

(UniSZA)

University Pendidikan Sultan Idris 10 5

(UPSI)

TOTAL 200 100

Table 4.4 University of respondent

Comment: From this bar chart shows that the most of the respondents are University Teknologi
MARA (UiTM) students with 76.5% while the lowest respondents are from University Sultan
Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) students with 0.5%.

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4.5 Classified the harmful of social media to mental health and emotional people

Figure 4.5 Classified the harmful of social media to mental health and emotional people.

CLASSIFIED FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

QUESTION
YES 112 56

NO 7 3.5

MAYBE 81 40.5

TOTAL 200 100

Table 4.5 Classified the harmful of social media to mental health and emotional people.

Comment: From this pie chart shows that the most frequency with 112 respondents said ‘yes’
that social media is harmful to people while 81 respondents are not sure either social media is
harmful to people or not and 7 respondents said ‘no’ that social media is not harmful to people.

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4.6 Purpose of social media

Figure 4.6 Purpose of using social media

PURPOSE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE(%)

ACADEMICS 134 18.13

GAMES 92 12.45

MOVIES 109 14.75

SPORTS 52 7.03

ENTERTAINMENT 178 24.08

COMMUNICATE 166 22.46

NEWS 2 0.27

INFORMATION 2 0.27

WEATHER 1 0.14

WORK 1 0.14

TECH 1 0.14

ADVERTISEMENT 1 0.14

TOTAL 739 100

Table 4.6 Purpose of using social media

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Comment: From this bar chart shows that the 178 respondents (24.08%) are using social
media for entertainment, 166 respondents (22.46%) are using social media for communication
with others. There is also 1 respondent (0.14%) who uses social media to read weather, do
work, tech and advertising.

4.7 Social networking sites

Figure 4.7 Social networking sites

TYPE OF SOCIAL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

NETWORKING SITES

TWITTER 143 16.19

FACEBOOK 113 12.8

LINKEDN 11 1.25

GOOGLE PLUS 15 1.7

INSTAGRAM 177 20.05

TIKTOK 116 13.14

SNAPCHAT 103 11.65

WHATSAPP 117 13.25

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TELEGRAM 79 8.95

DISCORD 2 0.23

DOUYIN 1 0.11

WEIBO 1 0.11

YOUTUBE 2 0.23

MOBILE LEGEND 2 0.23

PUBG 1 0.11

TOTAL 883 100

Table 4.7 Social networking sites

Comment: From this bar chart shows that respondents use those social networking sites. The
most frequency which is 177 respondents (20.05%) are using instagram, twitter has the
moderate frequency which is 143 respondents(16.19%) while respondents who use DOUYIN,
WEIBO and PUBG have the lowest frequency which is 1 respondent (0.11%).

4.8 Time spend on social media

Figure 4.8 Time spend on social media

TIME SPEND FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

LESS THAN 1 HOUR 8 4

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1-3 HOURS 60 30

4-6 HOURS 83 41.5

MORE THAN 7 HOURS 49 24.5

TOTAL 200 100

Table 4.8 Time spend on social media

Comment: From this pie chart shows that the most frequency which is 83 respondents (41.5%)
are spent 4 to 6 hours on social media, the moderate frequency which is 60 respondents
(30%) are spent 1 to 3 hours on social media while the lowest frequency which is 8
respondents (4%) are spent less than 1 hours on social media.

4.9 Feeling when use social media

Figure 4.9 Feeling when use social media

FEELING WHEN USE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

SOCIAL MEDIA

HAPPY 137 28.07

RELEASED TENSION 172 35.24

SLEEPY 46 9.43

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DEPRESSION 30 6.15

ANXIETY 41 8.40

NOTHING 61 12.5

SAD 1 0.20

TOTAL 488 100

Table 4.9 Feeling when use social media

Comment: From this bar chart shows that 172 respondents (35.24%) are feeling released
tension when using social media, 137 respondents (28.07%) are happy when using social
media while 1 respondents (0.2%) are sad when using social media.

4.10 Negative effect of social that had experience

Figure 4.10 Negative effect of social that had experience

NEGATIVE EFFECT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

DEPRESSED 55 7.66

ANXIETY 76 5.29

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CYBERBULLYING 83 11.56

INSECURE 147 20.47

ISOLATION 36 5.01

LOW SELF-ESTEEM 126 17.82

FEAR OF MISSING OUT 72 10.02

STRESSED 62 8.63

LOSS OF INTEREST ON 56 7.8

TIME

LACK OF TIME 1 0.14

MANAGEMENT

NOTHING 4 0.56

TOTAL 718 100

Table 4.10 Negative effect of social that had experience

Comment: From this bar chart shows that the most frequency which is 147 respondents
(20.47%) became insecure with themselves, the moderate frequency which is 126
respondents (17.82%) had low self-esteem while the lowest frequency which is 1 respondent
(0.14%) had lack of time management.

4.11 Feeling when don’t use social media in daily life

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Figure 4.11 Feeling when don’t use social media in daily life

FEELING FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

BORED 160 42.11

ANXIETY 26 6.84

SAD 54 14.21

RESTLESS 19 5

GET ENOUGH REST 99 26.05

NOTHING 8 2.10

NERVOUS 14 3.68

TOTAL 380 100

Table 4.11 Feeling when don’t use social media in daily life

Comment: From this bar chart shows that the most frequency which is 160 respondents
(42.11%) are feeling bored when don’t use social media in daily life,the moderate frequency
which is 99 respondents (26.05%) are getting enough rest when don’t use social media in daily
life while the lowest frequency which is 8 respondents (2.10%) are feeling nothing when they
don’t use social media in daily life.
Most students agree that Nike is the most popular shoes brand among the

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CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION
The findings summary for each analysis as follows:
No Objective
1 To determine the
demographic profiles of the
respondent
2 To identify whether social
media give negative effect
on mental health and
emotional students
3 To determine the
relationship between time
spent on social media with
mental health and
emotional students.
4 To determine student’s
habits of uses social media.
5 To assess the correlation
between social media use
and impaired mental health
towards IPTA students.
6 To explore the
consciousness of potential
impacts of expanded use of
social media can have on
students’ mental health.
Main findings
It was found out that out of the online survey collected,
the majority of the respondents are females. On
average, most of them are in the age of 21 to 25 years
old, a Diploma students of University Teknologi Mara
(UiTM).
It was found out that out of all negative effects of social
media on mental health and emotional, most of them
experience insecure and have low self-esteem.
It was found out that the majority of the respondents are
spending 4-6 hours on social media in daily life.
It was found out that out of the respondents, majority
of them are using social media for entertainment,
communication and academics. The social
networking sites that the respondents use most of the
time are instagram, twitter and whatsApp.
It was found out that,most of the respondents use
social media may release their tension, feel happy
but at the same time they feel anxiety while using
social media. But when they didn’t use social media
in a day, they would be bored, get enough sleep and
feel sad.
It was found out that the majority of the respondents
are thinking that social media is harmful to mental
health and emotional people while others do not
confirm whether social media is harmful to mental
health and emotional or not.
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References

Aina Amiera Abd Rahman and Fariza Hanis Abdul Razal (2019). Social Media Addiction Towards Young

Adults Emotion.

Amedie,Jacob (2015). The Impact of Social Media on Society. Advanced Writing: Pop Culture

Intersections.

Amelia Strickland (2014). Exploring the Effects of Social Media Use on the Mental Health of Young

Adults

Arunditi Xantus, Samantha B. Saltz and Jon A. Shaw (2015). The Relationship between Social Media

Bullying and the Adolescent's Self Report of Emotional Health: A Study of Urban Youth on an

Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Unit.

Deepa M, Dr.V.Krishna Priya (2020). Impact of social media on mental health of students, ISSN 2277-

8616

Igor Pantic (2014). Online Social Networking and Mental Health.

Janet Saravia (2017). How are Social Media Sites Affecting the Social and Emotional Development of

Youth?

Kanokporn Sriwilai, Peerayuth Charoensukmongkol (2015). Face it, don't Facebook it: Impacts of Social

Media Addiction on Mindfulness, Coping Strategies and the Consequence on Emotional

Exhaustion.

Kennedy, K. (2019). Positive and negative effects of social media on adolescent well-being [Master’s

thesis, Minnesota State University, Mankato]. Cornerstone: A Collection of Scholarly and

Creative Works for Minnesota State University, Mankato.

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Larisa McLoughlin, Barbara Spears and Carmel Taddeo (2018). The Importance of Social Connection for

Cybervictims: How Connectedness and Technology Could Promote Mental Health and

Wellbeing in Young People.

Michelle O’Reilly, Nisha Dogra, Natasha Whiteman, Jason Hughes, Seyda Eruyar and Paul Reilly (2018).

Is social media bad for mental health and wellbeing? Exploring the perspectives of adolescents.

Niall McCrae, Sheryl Greetings and Edward Purssell (2017). Social Media and Depressive Symptoms in

Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review

Sarah Nichole Koehler and Bobbie Rose Parrell (2020). THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON MENTAL

HEALTH: A MIXED-METHODS RESEARCH OF SERVICE PROVIDERS’ AWARENESS

Warrender D, Milne R (2020) How use of social media and social comparison affect mental health.

Nursing Times [online]; 116:3,56-69

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APPENDIX

Online questionnaire:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe6d0BKEE6fQ7VF_TXvVtVBDdLLE-
juOz5IuJbmzPV6gvQNJg/viewform?usp=sf_link

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Template proposal project:

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Sample data

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