Manómetros:

El caso de un manómetro que esta abierto a la atmosfera, el cual se puede utilizar

para medir la presión de un recipiente A, como se muestra en la figura anexa.

Se identifica un punto M y un
punto N, que para este caso
ρAgua están al mismo nivel y por
tanto a la misma presión.
ρmercurio

Resultado del análisis:

PM ＝ PA + ρ ⋅ g ⋅ d PN ＝ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ h + Patm

Las presiones PM y PN son iguales PM ＝ PN

PA + ρAgua ⋅ g ⋅ d ＝ ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h + Patm

Resultado de la igualdad PA ＝ ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h + Patm - ρAgua ⋅ g ⋅ d

PA ＝ Patm + g ⋅ ⎛⎝ρmercurio ⋅ h - ρAgua ⋅ d⎞⎠

Ejemplo numérico:

Si: 1 atm = 101.325 kPa

m
Patm ≔ 1 atm g = 9.807 ―
s2
Patm = 101.325 kPa
kN
Patm = 101.325 ――
m2

kg kg
ρAgua ≔ 1000 ――3
ρmercurio ≔ 13600 ――
m m3
d ≔ 0.1 m h ≔ 0.25 m

PA ≔ Patm + g ⋅ ⎛⎝ρmercurio ⋅ h - ρAgua ⋅ d⎞⎠ = 133.687 kPa

kN
PA = 133.687 ――
m2
Manómetro diferencial:
Es un manómetro que no esta abierto a la atmosfera, pero está conectado a dos
recipientes, A y B. como se muestra en la figura anexa.

Se utiliza para medir la diferencia de presión

entre el recipiente A y el recipiente B
ρAgua
Donde: PM ＝ PN
ρAceite

ρmercurio PA + ρA ⋅ g ⋅ dA + ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h - ρB ⋅ g ⋅ dB ＝ PB

Resultado del análisis:

PM ＝ PA + ρA ⋅ g ⋅ dA + ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h PN ＝ ρB ⋅ g ⋅ dB + PB

PA + ρA ⋅ g ⋅ dA + ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h ＝ ρB ⋅ g ⋅ dB + PB

Resultado de la igualdad

ρA ⋅ g ⋅ dA + ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h - ρB ⋅ g ⋅ dB ＝ PB - PA

PB - PA ＝ ρA ⋅ g ⋅ dA + ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h - ρB ⋅ g ⋅ dB

Ejemplo numérico:
kg kg kg
ρAgua ≔ 1000 ――3
ρmercurio ≔ 13600 ―― ρB ≔ 800 ――
m m3 m3

dA ≔ 0.1 m h ≔ 0.25 m dB ≔ 0.2 m

PB - PA ＝ ρAgua ⋅ g ⋅ dA + ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h - ρB ⋅ g ⋅ dB

ρAgua ⋅ g ⋅ dA = 0.981 kPa

ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h = 33.343 kPa

ρB ⋅ g ⋅ dB = 1.569 kPa
Donde:
PBA ≔ ρAgua ⋅ g ⋅ dA + ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h - ρB ⋅ g ⋅ dB = 32.754 kPa PBA ＝ PB - PA

Si ρAgua y ρB fueran despreciables

 Si ρAgua y ρB fueran despreciables
kg kg kg
ρAgua ≔ 0 ―― ρmercurio ≔ 13600 ―― ρB ≔ 0 ――
m3 m3 m3

PBA2 ≔ ρAgua ⋅ g ⋅ dA + ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h - ρB ⋅ g ⋅ dB = 33.343 kPa

PBA2 - PBA = 0.588 kPa

Caso 1: Patm ≔ 1 atm

PA ≔ 2 ⋅ Patm = 202.65 kPa

kg kg kg
ρAgua ≔ 1000 ――3
ρmercurio ≔ 13600 ―― ρB ≔ 800 ――
m m3 m3

dA ≔ 0.1 m h ≔ 0.25 m dB ≔ 0.2 m

PB - PA ＝ ρAgua ⋅ g ⋅ dA + ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h - ρB ⋅ g ⋅ dB

PB ＝ PA + ρAgua ⋅ g ⋅ dA + ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h - ρB ⋅ g ⋅ dB

PB ≔ PA + ρAgua ⋅ g ⋅ dA + ρmercurio ⋅ g ⋅ h - ρB ⋅ g ⋅ dB = 235.404 kPa

PB - PA = 32.754 kPa