Making efficient use of electricity

8 MAKING USE OF
ELECTRICITY
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8 Making Use of Electricity
S ECTIONAL E XERCISE
8.1 Introducing electricity and simple circuits efer to Textbook
p.75–83
Sectional Exercise
A. True or false (4 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. Electricity cannot flow in an open circuit.

2. All non-metals are electrical insulators.
3. When a switch is open, electricity cannot flow through the circuit.
4. Distilled water is an electrical conductor.
Integrated Exercise
B. Multiple-choice (2 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.
1. Two switches S1 and S2 are connected in the circuit shown + +

on the right. The light bulb lights up if
(1) S1 is closed while S2 is open.
(2) S1 is open while S2 is closed.
(3) both S1 and S2 are closed.
(4) both S1 and S2 are open. S1 S2
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A. (3) only B. (4) only

C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (4) only
2. Which of the following is/are electrical insulator(s)?

(1) Silver ring (2) Plastic phone case (3) Pencil lead

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Making Use of Electricity 8
C. Fill in the blanks (4 marks)
1. (a) are the materials that allow electricity to flow through

them. (b) are the materials that do not allow electricity to
flow through them.
2. In a/an (a) (open/closed) circuit, there is a complete path for electricity to
Sectional Exercise
flow from one end of the electric cell to the other. In a/an (b) (open/
closed) circuit, there is a gap in the circuit and electricity cannot flow.
D. Questions (17 marks)

1. The structure of the switch of a hairdryer is shown below. The hairdryer is switched on when
part P of the switch is pushed down.
push
part P
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spring
switch part Q
part R
electric parts S
wires
structure of the switch
(a) (i) Which parts, P, Q, R or S, of the switch should be made of electrical conductors?
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(2 marks)
(ii) Why should the parts other than those in (a)(i) be made of electrical insulators?
(1 mark)
(b) Explain the function of the spring in the switch. (4 marks)

When part P is released, the spring (i) so that
(ii) . The circuit becomes
(iii) and the hairdryer (iv) .
(c) State a material commonly used to make the electric wires of an appliance. (1 mark)
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2. Winnie has set up the apparatus below to test whether some liquids are electrical conductors
or not. The results are summarized in the table.
+ +
Liquid Does the light bulb light up?
tap water 3
distilled water ✗
electrodes alcohol ✗
Sectional Exercise
salt solution 3
liquid
(a) Which of the above liquids are electrical conductors? (2 marks)
(b) How can Winnie compare which liquid in (a) is a better electrical conductor in the
above experiment? (1 mark)

Integrated Exercise

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3. James has made a wire-loop game toy, as shown in the
figure. Both the wire maze and loop are conductors. wire maze
The buzzer of the toy will sound once the loop touches
the wire maze.
loop
(a) Draw connecting wires in the figure to complete
the circuit of the wire-loop game toy. (1 mark)
(b) Why does the buzzer sound when the loop
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touches the wire maze? (3 marks)

When the loop touches the wire maze, buzzer
electric
(i) and cell
electricity (ii) .
Therefore, (iii) .
(c) State the energy conversion in the circuit when the buzzer sounds. (2 marks)
(i)
(iv)
(stored in the (iii)
(of the buzzer)
(ii) )
Total Score : / 27

electrode 電極棒
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8.2 Circuit diagrams efer to Textbook

p.84–87
A. Fill in the blanks (2 marks)
1. We use symbols to represent circuit components. These symbols are called

.
2. We can draw a diagram to represent an actual circuit. This diagram is called a
Sectional Exercise
.
1. Which of the following combinations about the circuit component and the circuit symbol is
correct?
Circuit component Circuit symbol
Integrated Exercise
A. Ammeter a
B. Closed switch
C. Light bulb
D. Resistor R
2. Tony has connected a circuit as shown below.

+
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Which of the following circuit diagrams can represent Tony’s circuit?
(1) (2) (3)
A. (2) only B. (1) and (2) only

C. (1) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
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C. Questions (25 marks)
1. Complete the following table by writing the names of the electrical components and drawing
the corresponding circuit symbols. (14 marks)
Circuit component Name Circuit symbol
(a) – +
Sectional Exercise
(b)
(c)
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(d)
(e)
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(f)
(g)
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2. A circuit is shown below.

+ +
Sectional Exercise
Vivian has drawn the circuit diagram below to represent the above circuit. However, there are
FOUR mistakes in the diagram.
(a) Circle the mistakes in the circuit diagram. (2 marks)
(b) In the space on the right below, draw the correct circuit diagram. (3 marks)
Integrated Exercise
A
3. Draw circuit diagrams to represent the circuits below in the spaces provided. (6 marks)
(a)
+ +
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(b) + +
Total Score : / 29

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8.3 Electric current efer to Textbook

p.88–99

1. Electricity in metals is a flow of free electrons.

2. Both conductors and insulators have free electrons.
3. The red terminal of an ammeter is the negative terminal.
Sectional Exercise
B. Fill in the blanks (4 marks)
1. Electric current can be measured using an (a) . Its unit is

(b) ( ).
2. The needle of a compass changes direction when it is placed near a current-carrying wire.
This shows the effect of electric current.
Integrated Exercise
C. Multiple-choice (3 marks)
1. A water-pipe system can be used as an analogy for an electric circuit.
connecting wire electric cell

water flow light bulb
water turbine water pipe
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pump
What do the water pipe and the water flow represent in this analogy?
Water pipe Water flow
A. electron electron flow
B. connecting wire electron flow
C. electric cell energy
D. connecting wire electric cell
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2. Which of the following circuit diagrams shows the correct way of connecting an ammeter to
measure the electric current flowing through a light bulb? (The positive and negative terminals
of the ammeter are indicated in the diagrams.)
A. B.
+ A A +
Sectional Exercise
C. D.
+
A A
+
3. Metals are good conductors of electricity because they have a large number of
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A. atoms.
B. free electrons.
C. nuclei.
D. particles.

1. What is the reading on each of the following ammeters? (2 marks)
(a)
reading =
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(b)
reading =
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2. Judy wants to measure the electric current flowing through a light bulb using an ammeter.
(a) Draw connecting wires in the following diagram to show how she should connect the
ammeter to the circuit. (1 mark)
+ +
Sectional Exercise
(b) Which directions, to the left or to the right, are the electric current and flow of free
electrons through the bulb? (2 marks)
Electric current:
Flow of free electrons:

Integrated Exercise
3. In a magic show on the street, magician Sean asks people to lift a hammer placed on an iron
cover, but none of them succeeds. In Sean’s turn, he presses a secret button on the hammer
and then successfully lifts the hammer.
Sean
Sean
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(a) There is a coil inside the hammer. The coil acts like a magnet when electric current flows
through it. What is this coil called? (1 mark)
(b) Explain how the above magic trick works. (4 marks)

Before the secret button is pressed, electric current is (i)
(flowing/not flowing) through the coil inside the hammer. (ii)
so the hammer (iii)
. When the button is pressed, the current
(iv) .
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4. James is charging his phone using a power bank. The power bank gets warm after a while.
power bank
Sectional Exercise
(a) What effect of electric current can explain this? (1 mark)
(b) State the energy conversion involved. (2 marks)
Total Score : / 23
Integrated Exercise
8.4 Voltage efer to Textbook
p.100–106

1. Voltage is related to the ‘electrical push’ that makes free electrons flow in a circuit.
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2. The higher the voltage, the larger the electric current in a circuit.
3. A bigger dry cell must have a higher voltage than a smaller dry cell.
1. is a measure of the amount of energy supplied to the free electrons by a

source of electricity.
2. We can use a (a) to measure voltage. The unit of voltage is

(b) ( ).
3. When the electric cells in a torch almost run down, their voltages (a) .
Thus, the electric current (b) and the light bulb becomes
(c) .
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voltmeter
1. In the circuit on the right, if one more electric cell is
V
added so that two electric cells are connected – +
end-to-end in the same direction, which of the
following is correct? – +
Voltmeter reading Ammeter reading A

+
Sectional Exercise
–
A. Increases Decreases
B. Increases Increases
ammeter
C. Remains unchanged Remains unchanged
D. Remains unchanged Increases
2. A 6.4 V battery is composed of two identical electric 6.4 V battery
cells connected together. The electric cells are

connected end-to-end in the same direction. What is
the voltage of each electric cell?
Integrated Exercise
A. 3.2 V
B. 6.4 V
C. 12.8 V
D. 25.6 V
1. The voltmeter below is connected to a battery to measure its voltage.
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(a) What is the voltage of the battery? (1 mark)
(b) Why should we not use the 3 V terminal of the voltmeter for the above measurement?
(2 marks)
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2. In the diagram below, draw connecting wires to show how to use a voltmeter to measure the
voltage of the electric cell. (1 mark)
Sectional Exercise
black terminal red terminal
Total Score : / 16
8.5 Resistance efer to Textbook

p.107–119
Integrated Exercise
1. Different conductors of electricity conduct electricity equally well.

2. The larger the resistance, the smaller the electric current flowing through a circuit.
3. Metals can conduct electricity because they have no resistance.
Spelling Corner
1. Which of the following is/are the unit(s) of resistance?

(1) Ampere
(2) Ohm
(3) Volt
E 2. Which of the following copper rods has the largest resistance?

A.
B.
C.
D.
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E 3. In the figures below, a rheostat is connected to a circuit using the two terminals on its right
hand side. Which figure correctly shows the path of the electric current in the rheostat?
A. B.
Sectional Exercise
C. D.

Integrated Exercise
E 4. The figure shows a rotary-type rheostat with terminals rotate

X, Y and Z. If the sliding contact is rotated in the sliding contact
clockwise direction, the resistance across YZ will
A. decrease.
B. increase.
C. remain unchanged. X
Y
D. remain unchanged and then suddenly drop to zero. Z
5. The circuit of a fan in the classroom is shown on the right below. The speed of the fan is set
by turning the switch to connect to different terminals A, B, C or D. Terminals A, B and C are
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connected to resistors with different resistances.
power
supply
M fan motor
A 4Ω
B 3Ω
C 2Ω
To which terminal should the switch connect in order to set the fan at the highest speed?

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C. Fill in the blanks (7 marks)
1. Conductors have (a) (low/high) resistance while insulators have very

(b) (low/high) resistance.
E 2. The resistance of a conducting wire depends on a few factors: (a) ,

(b) and (c) of the wire.
Sectional Exercise
E 3. A (a) is the circuit component whose resistance can be changed. It has
some applications, for example (b) .

1. Circuit components X and Y are shown below. One of them has a rating of 6 Ω and the other
has a rating of 10 Ω.
X
Integrated Exercise
Y
(a) Name these circuit components and state what their ratings indicate. (2 marks)

(b) Hugo wants to set up a circuit to find which circuit component above, X or Y, has a
rating of 10 Ω (rather than 6 Ω).
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(i) Draw a circuit diagram to represent Hugo’s circuit in the space below. (2 marks)
(ii) How can Hugo determine which circuit component has a rating of 10 Ω
(rather than 6 Ω) from the circuit in (b)(i)? (1 mark)
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E 2. The diagram below shows a rheostat.
(a) Label each part of the rheostat. (3 marks)
(i) (ii)
terminal Y
Sectional Exercise
terminal X terminal Z
(iii)
(b) Philip wants to control the brightness of a light bulb by using the rheostat in (a). Draw
connecting wires in the diagram below to show how Philip should connect the circuit.
– + – + (2 marks)
Integrated Exercise
A B
terminal Y
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(c) Explain how Philip can use the rheostat to control the brightness of the bulb. (4 marks)
When Philip moves the sliding contact to increase the (i) of
the rheostat, the current in the circuit (ii) and thus
(iii) . Similarly, the bulb will be
(iv) .
(d) How should Philip move the sliding contact of the rheostat in (b) to dim the bulb?
(1 mark)
Total Score : / 30
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8.6 Series circuits and parallel circuits efer to Textbook

p.120–131

1. If a gap appears in a series circuit, electric current can still flow in the circuit.
2. The electric current is the same at all points in a series circuit.
Sectional Exercise
3. The voltage across each branch of a parallel circuit is the same.
4. In a parallel circuit, the light bulb in each branch can be switched on and off
separately.
1. In which of the following circuits are the light bulbs connected in series?
(1) (2) (3)
Integrated Exercise
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2. Three ammeters A1, A2 and A3 are connected in the circuit below and the ammeters read I1,
I2 and I3 respectively. Which of the following about the readings is correct?
A1 A3
A2
A. I1 > I2 > I3
B. I1 < I2 < I3
C. I1 = I2 = I3
D. I1 = I2 + I3
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3. The light bulbs are identical in the following circuit, and I1, I2 and I3 are the readings on
ammeters A1, A2 and A3 respectively.
A1
A2
Sectional Exercise
A3
Which of the following about I1, I2 and I3 are correct?

(1) I1 > I2
(2) I1 > I3
(3) I3 > I2
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
Integrated Exercise
Directions: Questions 4 to 6 refer to the following circuit. The four light bulbs B1, B2, B3 and B4 are
identical. The ammeters A1 and A3 read 1.8 A and 1.2 A respectively.
1.8 A
A1
B1 B2 B4
A2
B3
A3
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1.2 A
4. What is the reading on ammeter A2?
A. 0.6 A
B. 1.2 A
C. 2.4 A
D. 3.0 A
5. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

(1) If bulb B1 burns out, bulb B2 will not light up.
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
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6. Which bulb(s) is/are the dimmest?

A. Bulb B1 B. Bulbs B1 and B2
C. Bulb B3 D. Bulbs B3 and B4
7. There are three branches with light bulbs in the following circuit. Voltmeters V1 and V2 are
connected in the circuit.
Sectional Exercise
6V V1 V2
If the reading on V1 is 6 V, what is the reading on V2?

A. 1 V B. 2V
Integrated Exercise
C. 3 V D. 6 V

1. Light bulbs P, Q and R in the circuit below have resistances 1 Ω, 2 Ω and 3 Ω respectively.
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P, 1 Ω Q, 2 Ω R, 3 Ω
(a) Are the bulbs connected in series or in parallel? (1 mark)
(b) Put mathematical symbols ‘<’, ‘=’ or ‘>’ in the boxes below to compare the sizes of
electric current passing through the bulbs. (2 marks)
current through current through current through

bulb P bulb Q bulb R
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2. Susan sets up a circuit as shown on the right. Light bulbs

B1, B2 and B3 are identical.
A1
(a) Which two bulbs are connected in series? (1 mark) B1
A2
A3
B2 B3
Sectional Exercise
(b) If bulb B3 burns out, what happens to bulbs B1 and B2? (2 marks)
(c) If A2 and A3 read 0.6 A and 0.3 A respectively, what is the current drawn from the
battery? (1 mark)

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3. Terry is making a light board for cheering during the
music contest in the school. Some LED bulbs are
Integrated Exercise
connected on the board.
(a) Should the bulbs be connected in series or in parallel? Explain briefly. (2 marks)

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(b) Some bulbs on the board are shown below. Draw connecting wires to show how they
should be connected to the electric cells according to the answer in (a). (1 mark)
connected to electric cells LED bulb
electric wires
Total Score : / 21
music contest 音樂比賽

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8.7 Our household electricity efer to Textbook

p.132–145

1. Electrical appliances are energy converters, which convert electrical energy into other
forms of energy for different purposes.
Sectional Exercise
2. The mains voltage in Hong Kong is 220 V.
3. Without the earth wire, the circuit of an electrical appliance is incomplete.
4. The mains sockets are connected in series in our home.
1. Which of the following correctly shows the energy conversion occurring at the heating
element of an electrical appliance?
Integrated Exercise
A. electrical energy  thermal energy
B. electrical energy  kinetic energy
C. electrical energy  thermal energy + kinetic energy
D. electrical energy  thermal energy + sound energy
2. For a conducting rod to move due to the magnetic effect of current, the rod
(1) must be made of copper.
(2) must carry an electric current.
(3) must be placed near a magnet.
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A. (1) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
3. Which of the following statements about a three-pin plug are correct?

(1) The earth pin is the longest pin.
(2) The live pin carries the voltage that drives electric current to flow through the electrical
appliance.
(3) The neutral pin provides the return path for the current.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
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1. Which of the following electrical appliances make use of the heating effect of electric current
to work? Which of them make use of the magnetic effect? Write the letters representing the
appliances in the space provided. (7 marks)
A Vacuum cleaner B Filament bulb C Toaster

Sectional Exercise
D Electric fan E Hair dryer F Rice cooker

Integrated Exercise
Making use of the heating effect of electric current :

Making use of the magnetic effect of electric current :
2. (a) Label different parts of the three-pin plug and the mains socket below. (6 marks)
(i) (iv)
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(v)
(ii) (iii)
(vi)
(b) What are the colours of the live wire, neutral wire and earth wire? (3 marks)
Live wire : Neutral wire :

Earth wire :
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3. The photo shows the internal structure of an electrical device Part P

that works on the magnetic effect of electric current.
(a) Name this electrical device. (1 mark)
(b) What is part P? (1 mark)

current-carrying coils

Sectional Exercise
(c) Write the energy conversion when this device is switched on. (1 mark)
(d) Give ONE example of household appliance installed with this device. (1 mark)
4. The diagram below shows the domestic circuit of Kerry’s home. A smartphone, a television
and an electric fan are connected to the circuit. They are all switched on.
Integrated Exercise
smartphone
(charging)
consumer unit
television
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electric
fan
(a) Are the appliances connected in series or in parallel? (1 mark)
(b) If the electric fan is switched off, what will happen to the rate of charging the smartphone?
Explain briefly. (3 marks)
The rate of charging the smartphone will (i)
(increase/decrease/remain unchanged) because the appliances in the circuit are
(ii) and therefore they (iii) .
Total Score : / 31
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8.8 Electrical safety with household electricity efer to Textbook

p.146–156

1. When we connect too many electrical appliances to the same mains socket,
overloading may occur and the electric current will be very large.
2. A fuse consists of a thin metal wire, which melts when the electric current is too large.
Sectional Exercise
3. The rating of a circuit breaker shows the minimum current passing through the circuit
breaker without switching it off.
4. An electrical appliance can function normally even without the earth wire.
1. A flow chart about the potential hazards of using electricity:
Potential hazards of using electricity

Integrated Exercise
Current becomes too large Electric shock

caused by
prevented by
(i) (ii)
prevented by
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(iii) and fuse (iv)
2. To protect an electrical appliance, we should choose a fuse with a fuse rating

than the current of the appliance under normal operation.
1. Which of the following is the circuit symbol of a fuse?

A. B.
C. D. F
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2. The battery of a smartphone exploded when the battery was charging. Which of the following
could be the cause of the explosion?
battery
Sectional Exercise
(1) The electric current to charge the battery was larger than normal.
(2) The battery overheated during the charging.
(3) A short circuit occurred in the battery.
C. (1) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
3. Which of the following is/are the advantage(s) of a circuit breaker over a fuse?
(1) A circuit breaker can be re-used but a fuse cannot.
Integrated Exercise
(2) A circuit breaker has a lower cost.
(3) A circuit breaker does not have a fixed rating.
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

1. A circuit is connected as shown below.
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A
(a) If the switch is closed, what will happen to the light bulb and the ammeter reading?
(2 marks)

(b) What is this situation called? (1 mark)
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2. Steven purchased a universal adaptor with four USB ports. The ratings of the USB ports are
‘1 A’, ‘1 A’, ‘2 A’ and ‘2 A’ respectively. (Assume that the ports can deliver the current according
to the rating even if they are used at the same time.)
USB port
Sectional Exercise
(a) If all the USB ports are used to charge electronic devices at the same time, what is the
total current flowing through the universal adaptor? (1 mark)
(b) Which fuse, a 2 A, 5 A or 8 A fuse, is the most suitable to be installed in this universal
adaptor? (1 mark)
Integrated Exercise
(c) If the fuse of the adaptor blows, how can Steven fix the adaptor? (1 mark)
3. The washing machine in Kevin’s home is connected to a mains socket via a three-pin plug
and the diagram below shows the wiring.
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washing
machine
wire 1
three-pin plug wire 2
wire 3
(a) Is wire 3 the live, neutral or earth wire of the washing machine? (1 mark)
(b) If the live wire accidentally touches the metal casing of the washing machine and Kevin
touches the casing, will he get an electric shock? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
(i) , because the electricity (ii)

.
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4. The pictures below show some safety precautions in using electricity. Write the safety
precautions in the space provided. (3 marks)
(a) (b) spa
ce
(c)
space
space
Sectional Exercise
Do not Never
.
to prevent overheating. from a mains socket.
Total Score : / 24
E x te n s
8.9 Power, energy and the cost of electricity ion efer to Textbook
p.157–166
Integrated Exercise
1. 1 unit of electricity stands for 1 kW h of electrical energy.

2. An LED bulb has a lower efficiency than a filament bulb.
Spelling Corner
1. Power is the amount of (a) transferred to the electrical appliance per
(b) . The unit of power is (c) ( ) or (d) ( ).
2. The electrical energy used by an electrical appliance can be measured using a

(a) or (b) .
3. The formulae we use to calculate energy and efficiency:
• Energy = (a) × (b)
(c)
• Efficiency = × 100%
(d)
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1. Which of the following is/are unit(s) of electrical energy?

(1) Kilowatt-hour
(2) Watt
(3) Kilowatt
Sectional Exercise
C. (1) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
2. An air conditioner has a power of 1600 W and it is switched on for 4 hours. Which of the
following correctly shows how to find the electrical energy, in J, it uses?
A. (1600 × 4) J
B. (1600 × 4 × 60 × 60) J
C. ( 1600 ) J
4
D. ( 1600 ) J
4 × 60 × 60
Integrated Exercise
3. The energy label of a refrigerator is shown below. According to the label, what is the annual
electricity cost of the refrigerator? (Given: cost of electricity is $0.9 per unit)
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A. $263.7
B. $293.0
C. $325.6
D. $347.5
4. A filament bulb has an efficiency of 8.5%. This means

A. the bulb uses 8.5 J of electrical energy in one second.
B. the bulb uses 8.5 kW h of electrical energy in one hour.
C. 8.5% of the bulb’s power input is lost as heat.
D. 8.5% of the bulb’s power input is converted into light energy.
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1. The photo below shows an induction cooker used in a hot pot restaurant.
Sectional Exercise
(a) The cooker is now working in the 1000 W mode. What is the total electrical energy it
uses in 1 h? (2 marks)

(b) If the power of the cooker is increased by 50 % to 1500 W, what is the total electrical
energy the cooker uses in 1 h? (2 marks)
Integrated Exercise
Since the power is increased by 50 %, the total electrical energy the cooker uses will
.
Total electrical energy =
2. (a) The following formula can be used to calculate the electrical energy an electrical
appliance uses in the unit of kW h.
electrical energy = power × time
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For the electrical energy in the unit of kW h, what should be the units of the power and
time in the formula? (2 marks)
(b) Complete the table below. (Given: cost of electricity is $1.2 per unit) (6 marks)
Electrical Power input Operation Electrical energy Cost of

appliance (W) time (h) used (kW h) electricity ($)
Lamp 30 4
Computer 250 1.5
Air conditioner 8 10.4
induction cooker 電磁爐

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3. Charmaine sets up the apparatus below to measure the power of an electric heater.
kilowatt-hour meter
connected to
a mains socket electric heater
Sectional Exercise
(a) The heater is switched on for 15 min and the reading on the kilowatt-hour meter changes
as follows:
Reading at the beginning = 1.0 kW h
Reading after 15 min = 1.2 kW h
What is the total electrical energy, in J, the heater uses in 15 min? (2 marks)
Integrated Exercise
Electrical energy = – =
(b) What is the power of the electric heater? (2 marks)
4. The power input of a portable electric fan is 10 W. The power output corresponding to
different forms of energy is given below.
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Form of energy Power output
Thermal energy in the circuit 2W
Kinetic energy of the fan 5.5 W
Sound energy 2.5 W
What is the efficiency of the fan? (2 marks)
Total Score : / 36
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I NTEGRATED E XERCISE
1. Metals are electrical conductors.

2. Free electrons are driven to flow from the negative pole towards the positive pole of
a battery in a closed circuit.
Sectional Exercise
E 3. The shorter a conducting wire, the higher its resistance.
4. In a parallel circuit, the voltage across the electric cells is equal to the sum of the
voltages across all the branches.
5. An electrical appliance may overheat when short circuit occurs.
6. When the size of the electric current is higher than the rating of a circuit breaker, the
circuit breaker will reduce the current back to the normal size.
7. An earth wire is used to prevent overloading of a circuit.
E 8. The efficiency of an electrical appliance cannot exceed 100%.
Integrated Exercise
1. Which of the following instruments can be used to measure voltage?

A. B.
Spelling Corner
C. D.
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All answers
2. Michelle connects two light bulbs to a rheostat, a switch and an electric cell as shown below.
+
Sectional Exercise
Which of the following circuit diagrams best represents Michelle’s circuit?

A. B.
Integrated Exercise
C. D.
Spelling Corner
3. If the voltage in a circuit is kept constant, which of the following graphs best describes the
relationship between the current and resistance in the circuit?
A. B. C. D.
current current current current
resistance resistance resistance resistance
60
All answers
E 4. Ryan connects the 20 Ω rheostat below to a circuit. However, the resistance of the rheostat
remains 20 Ω when he moves the sliding contact to the right.
sliding contact
P Q
terminal Y
Sectional Exercise
Which of the following is the possible reason?
A. Ryan wrongly uses terminals Y and Z to connect the rheostat to the circuit.
B. Ryan wrongly uses terminals X and Z to connect the rheostat to the circuit.
C. Ryan moves the sliding contact in the wrong direction.
D. The resistance wire of the rheostat has damaged and broken.
Integrated Exercise
5. Three identical light bulbs B1, B2 and B3 are connected in the circuit below. Which bulb is the
brightest and which is the dimmest?
B1
B3
B2
Spelling Corner
Brightest Dimmest
A. B 1 B3
B. B 2 B1
C. B 3 B2
D. B 3 B1
6. Which of the following electrical appliances makes use of both the heating effect and magnetic
effect of electric current to work?
A. Electric iron
B. Electric fan
C. Hairdryer
D. Television
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All answers
7. The following diagram shows the inside of a three-pin plug. What are the colours of wires X,
Y and Z?
wire X
wire Y
wire Z
Wire X Wire Y Wire Z

Sectional Exercise
A. green-and-yellow brown blue

B. green-and-yellow blue brown
C. brown blue green-and-yellow
D. brown green-and-yellow blue
8. We should not connect an air conditioner (which requires a large current to work) to the
same mains socket with other electrical appliances because
Integrated Exercise
A. the voltage of the socket will not be high enough for the air conditioner to work.
B. the air conditioner will use more electricity than usual.
C. the socket will be overloaded.
Spelling Corner
D. we must switch on the other appliances before switching on the air conditioner.
9. The current passing through each light bulb in the circuit below is 0.6 A. If the rating of the
fuse is 4 A, how many bulbs at most can be connected in parallel to the circuit?
power supply (other light bulbs)
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
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All answers
E 10. Which of the following combinations is INCORRECT?

Variable Unit of the variable (symbol)
A. Electric current A
B. Resistance Ω
C. Power kW h
D. Efficiency (No unit)
Sectional Exercise
1. The lamp in a long corridor (e.g. a long corridor in a school) can be switched on or off using
‘two-way’ switches P and Q, as shown below. Switches P and Q are installed at two ends of
the long corridor.
switch P switch Q
Integrated Exercise
1 2 3 4
Live
Neutral lamp
(a) Is the lamp switched on or off in the above circuit? (1 mark)
Spelling Corner

(b) Will the lamp light up under the following situations? (1 mark)
Will the lamp light up?
Switch P is flipped (change to position 2)
Switch Q is flipped (change to position 4)
(c) Hence, state the advantage of using ‘two-way’ switches together with the above circuit.
(1 mark)
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All answers
2. Two resistors R1 and R2, are connected to a battery as shown below. Ammeters A1 and A3 have
readings 1 A and 0.5 A respectively.
1A R1
A1 A2
0.5 A R2
Sectional Exercise
A3
(a) What is the reading on A2? (1 mark)
(b) Which resistor has a lower resistance? Explain your answer. (2 marks)

(c) What is the electric current drawn from the battery? (1 mark)
Integrated Exercise

EM
ST
3. Tracy made the science toy shown below. The toy consists of three parts: a ‘dancer’ made of
a copper wire, an electric cell and a magnet.
‘dancer’
copper wire
Spelling Corner
electric cell
magnet
(a) When the circuit is complete, the ‘dancer’ rotates. Explain briefly. (3 marks)
Since the copper wire (i) , when current
flows through the copper wire, (ii) is produced due to the
(iii) of electric current. This causes the ‘dancer’ to rotate.
E (b) Tracy wants to increase the current in the copper wire to make the ‘dancer’ rotate faster.
Explain how she can modify her toy, without replacing the electric cells. (2 marks)
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All answers
4. David sets up the following apparatus to study the use of a fuse. The operation current of the
light bulb is 0.6 A.
power supply
light bulb
ammeter
Sectional Exercise
fuse
(a) What is the function of the fuse in the above circuit? (2 marks)

(b) Which fuse, 0.5 A, 1 A or 2 A, is the most suitable to be used to connect to the light
bulb? (1 mark)
Integrated Exercise

(c) David installs a 5 A fuse in the circuit above and gradually increases the current until the
bulb suddenly stops lighting. (3 marks)
(i) Has the bulb burned out?
(ii) Has the fuse blown?
(iii) Can the fuse protect the bulb?
5. You are given the following apparatus.
Spelling Corner
two light bulbs one electric cell some switches some connecting wires
Design a circuit that we can use to switch on or off the two bulbs separately. Draw a circuit
diagram to show your design in the space below. (2 marks)
65
All answers
E46. The following table shows the data of two light bulbs P and Q. (Take: 1 month = 30 days)
Light bulb P Light bulb Q

Sectional Exercise
Power input 40 W 8W
Useful power output 3.5 W 5.5 W
(a) Which bulb is more energy efficient? Show your working clearly. (2 marks)

Integrated Exercise

(b) Suppose that bulb Q is switched on for 5 hours a day. What is the total electrical energy
it uses, in kW h, per month? (2 marks)

(c) Mr. So is considering using bulb Q instead of bulb P in his dining room. If he switches
on the bulb for 5 hours a day, how much electricity cost can he save per month by using
Spelling Corner
bulb Q? (Given: electricity cost is $1.1 per unit) (2 marks)

(d) Besides electricity cost, suggest ONE other factor that Mr. So should think about when
choosing a bulb to use. (1 mark)
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All answers
7. Iris goes to Japan. She wants to buy a hairdryer and bring it back to Hong Kong to use. The
hairdryer operates normally only at 110 V, the mains voltage in Japan.
110 V~ 1100 W

For Use in Japan only
Sectional Exercise
(a) What is the mains voltage in Hong Kong? (1 mark)
(b) How does voltage affect the current passing through an appliance? (1 mark)
Integrated Exercise
(c) Hence, explain why it is very dangerous for Iris to use the above hairdryer in
Hong Kong. (3 marks)
Since the mains voltage in Hong Kong is (i)
, (ii)
. The hairdryer will (iii) .
Total Score : / 50
Spelling Corner
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All answers
S PELLING C ORNER
Look at each group of figures below. Use one key term in science to describe the figures. The
letters forming the missing part of the key term can be found on the right.
1.
L V O
T
E
Sectional Exercise
A G
Key term:
2.
T N
C
S S R
Integrated Exercise
E E A
I
Key term:
3.
C I M
N
T G
door
E A
Spelling Corner
Key term: EFFECT
4. I U R
T I
S T
H R
O C
C
Key term:
68

Making efficient use of electricity

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Making efficient use of electricity

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8 MAKING USE OF

8 Making Use of Electricity

A. True or false (4 marks)

1. Electricity cannot flow in an open circuit.

1. Two switches S1 and S2 are connected in the circuit shown + +

A. (3) only B. (4) only

2. Which of the following is/are electrical insulator(s)?

A. (1) only B. (2) only

C. Fill in the blanks (4 marks)

1. (a) are the materials that allow electricity to flow through

2. In a/an (a) (open/closed) circuit, there is a complete path for electricity to

D. Questions (17 marks)

(b) Explain the function of the spring in the switch. (4 marks)

(a) Which of the above liquids are electrical conductors? (2 marks)

touches the wire maze? (3 marks)

Total Score : / 27

8.2 Circuit diagrams efer to Textbook

A. Fill in the blanks (2 marks)

1. We use symbols to represent circuit components. These symbols are called

2. We can draw a diagram to represent an actual circuit. This diagram is called a

2. Tony has connected a circuit as shown below.

A. (2) only B. (1) and (2) only

C. Questions (25 marks)

Circuit component Name Circuit symbol

2. A circuit is shown below.

(a) Circle the mistakes in the circuit diagram. (2 marks)

Total Score : / 29

8.3 Electric current efer to Textbook

A. True or false (3 marks)

1. Electricity in metals is a flow of free electrons.

B. Fill in the blanks (4 marks)

1. Electric current can be measured using an (a) . Its unit is

1. A water-pipe system can be used as an analogy for an electric circuit.

connecting wire electric cell

D. Questions (13 marks)

Flow of free electrons:

(b) Explain how the above magic trick works. (4 marks)

(b) State the energy conversion involved. (2 marks)

Total Score : / 23

A. True or false (3 marks)

B. Fill in the blanks (7 marks)

1. is a measure of the amount of energy supplied to the free electrons by a

2. We can use a (a) to measure voltage. The unit of voltage is

Voltmeter reading Ammeter reading A

2. A 6.4 V battery is composed of two identical electric 6.4 V battery

cells connected together. The electric cells are

(a) What is the voltage of the battery? (1 mark)

Total Score : / 16

8.5 Resistance efer to Textbook

1. Different conductors of electricity conduct electricity equally well.

1. Which of the following is/are the unit(s) of resistance?

E 2. Which of the following copper rods has the largest resistance?

E 4. The figure shows a rotary-type rheostat with terminals rotate

connected to resistors with different resistances.

C. Fill in the blanks (7 marks)

1. Conductors have (a) (low/high) resistance while insulators have very

E 2. The resistance of a conducting wire depends on a few factors: (a) ,

D. Questions (15 marks)

E 2. The diagram below shows a rheostat.

(a) Label each part of the rheostat. (3 marks)

Total Score : / 30

8.6 Series circuits and parallel circuits efer to Textbook

A. True or false (4 marks)