NEMATODES COMMON CHARACTERISTIC HOST DISEASE PRODUCED DIAGNOSIS MOT LOCATION EGGS

NAME S
INTESTINAL SPECIE
White, creamy,
pinkish yellow
Ascaris lumbricoides
Infective Stage:
3 Lips and small
Giant ingestion of
buccal cavity
Roundworm embryonated eggs
Humans Ascariasis Ingestion Small intestines
Male: 15-31 cm
Large intestinal Diagnostic Stage:
Female: 20-35 cm
Hookworm Eggs in stool sample
Adult worm in feces
Life Span: 6-12 200,000 eggs per day
months (adults) Thick shell for protection

Trichuris trichiura Infective Stage:

Male: 30-45 mm Ingestion of
Female: 35-50 mm Embryonated Eggs
Trichuriasis
Large intestines,
Whipworm Long tails for Humans Diagnostic Stage: Ingestion
Heavy infection: rectal cecum, colon
attachment Microscopic 3,000-20,000 eggs per day
prolapse
identification of
Pinkish grey unembryonated eggs “Japanese lantern”
in stool
Barrel/ football shaped with
bipolar mucous plugs

Cephalic alae Self-infection/

(anterior end) Infective Stage: Autoinfection
Pinworm/ sear
Enterobius Enterobiasis/ pinworm Ingestion of
worm Humans Intestines
Vermicularis Prominent infection Embryonated egg Person-to-person
esophageal bulb infection
Diagnostic Stage:
 Male has spicule Identifying eggs and Ingestion/ inhalation
larva using
cellophane tape
preparation or
perianal swab 15,000 eggs
(female adult worms
can also be seen) 50-60μm by 20-30μm
D-shaped
Translucent shell

Male: 7 – 9 mm
*Necator americanus long by 0.3 mm
wide, dilated
posterior end

Female: 9 – 11 mm
Infective Stage:
long by 0.4 mm
Filariform larva
wide, attenuated Necatoriasis
penetrates the skin Walking barefoot
New World posterior end
Humans Skin penetration Small intestines
Hookworm Cutaneous larva
Diagnostic Stage: (larvae)
Cylindrical, greyish migrans
Identifying hookworm 64-76 μm x 36 - 40 μm
yellow
eggs in stool sample
S-shaped body Elongated oval shaped

Buccal capsule: Thin, transparent smooth shell

semi-lunar cutting
plates
Male: 8 - 11 mm
long 0.4 0.5 mm Infective Stage:
Filariform larva
diameter Ancylostomiasis
penetrates the skin Walking barefoot
*Ancylostoma Old World
Humans Skin penetration Small intestines
duodenale Hookworm Female: 10 - 13 Cutaneous larva
Diagnostic Stage: (larvae)
mm long up to migrans
Identifying hookworm
0.6 mm diameter. eggs in stool sample
 Pinkish-grey

C-shaped

Buccal Capsule:
2 pairs of teeth

Copulatory bursa:
Tripartile dorsal
rays, hair-like
spicules Thin, transparent eggshell
Yolk cells have cleavage

*Ancylostoma Male: 8mm x 0.27

braziliense mm dia.

Female: 10mm x
0.3 mm dia. Dogs and cats

Buccal Capsule:
2 pairs of teeth

*Ancylostoma caninum Male: 10 mm ave.

length, 0.4mm
greatest dia,

Female: 14 mm
Filariform larvae can
ave. length, 0.6mm
Dogs produce cutaneous
greatest dia,
larva migrans
Buccal capsule: 3
pairs of teeth (equal
sizes)
Strongyloides
stercoralis

Rhabditiform
larvae - short
buccal cavity; large, Infective Stage:
prominent genital Skin penetration of
Honeycomb primordium. Cochin China Diarrhea Filariform larvae
Skin penetration
threadworm Filariform larvae - strongyloidiasis Diagnostic Stage:
tail has a notch in it, Rhabditiform larvae
in contrast with the in stool
filariform larva of
hookworms

Eggs hatch in small intestines

(not passed on stool)
Capillaria
philippinensis

Definitive
C.hepatica - human Host: Infective Stage:
hepatic capillariais Humans & infective larva
and animals with other developed in tissue
rare human vertebrates of intermediate host
Pudoc worm infections Pudoc Disease
Ingestion of
Natural Host:
Undercooked fish
C. aerophile - Migratory birds Mystery disease Diagnostic Stage:
human pulmonary unembryonated egg
capillariasis and Intermediate in stool specimen
animals with rare Host:
human infections Freshwater or
Brackish Fish

Oviparous
No mucous plugs

Capillaria hepatica Other names:

Trichocephalus
Rodents Finding adult worms
hepaticus Human Hepatic
and eggs in liver
Capilliariasis
Pigs biopsies or autopsy
Trichosoma Cannibalism
specimens
hepaticum, Acute/ sub-acute
Carnivores liver
hepatitis Ingestion of
Presence of eggs in
Hepaticola hepatica embryonated egg
Humans human stool
Eosinophilia
(spurious passage,
Calodium
primates not an infection)
hepaticum.

Anisakis Cold worm Final Host: Anisakiasis Infective Stage: Ingestion of

Herring worm Marine undercooked or raw
Mammals Herring’s Disease seafoods
Pseudoterranova Fish and squid
decipiens Paratenic Gastrointestinal maintain larvae that
Host: Fish and Anisakis are infective
Anisakis simplex Squid
Diagnostic Stage:
Accidental May be detected thru
Host: humans the patient’s travel
history (Japan and
Intermediate Netherlands)
Host:
Microcrustacea Gastroscopic
ns (cyclops) examination

Biopsy

TISSUE SPECIE
Carnivorous
animals
Trichinella spiralis
Pigs
Male: less than 2
Rats Infective Stage:
mm long
Ingestion of
Accidental undercooked meat.
Females: almost
Trichina Host: Humans Trichinosis Ingestion of infected Tissue (muscles
5mm
worm Trichinellosis Diagnostic Stage: pork fibers)
Trichinella Biopsies of Encysted
Oviparous (eggs 1500 larvae
nelson – pigs, larva in striated
are hatched after
rats lions muscle
the have laid)
T. nativa –
pigs, polar
bears
 T.
pseudospiralis
- birds
Dracunculus Guinea Worm Males measure Intermediate Urticaria Infective Stage: Drinking Connective
medinensis 40mm in length. Host: copepod drinking unfiltered contaminated water tissue,
Dracunculiasis water containing
Females measure Humans copepods infected Rhabditiform larva Body cavities
800mm in length. Dracunculosis with larvae will enter thru skin
penetration Subcutaneous
Visual observation of Tissue
skin blister (extremities)

Worm serpentine
presence beneath
the skin

Toxocara cati & Limited Visceral larva migrans Diagnostic Stage: Ingestion of tissue
Toxocara canis development in larva embryonated eggs
humans Ocular larva migrans
Infective stage:
Differs cervical alae Toxocariasis (most OVA
seen on people under
20) PCR, ELISA,
serological testing It cannot be distinguished if
the egg is Toxocara canis or
Toxocara cati.

hey could only be

distinguished through their
adult form.
Angiostrongylus Rat Lung Former name: Definitive Angiostrongyliasis Infective stage: Ingestion of lungs
cantonensis Worm Haemostrongylus Host: RATs Larva L3 undercooked or raw
ratti Eosinophilic infected snails, leafy
Intermediate meningoencephalitis vegetables, prawn,
Host: crabs
Giant African
snail Drinking
Contaminated water
Paratenic
Host: prawn,
crab,
vegetation

Accidental/
Incidental
Host: humans