3.

6 Math Review Reference Sheets

Circles, Solids, and Coordinates

CIRCLES: RECTANGULAR SOLIDS:
The circumference of a circle of radius r is 2πr, where π Surface area of a rectangular solid = the sum of the
is approximately 22 or 3.14. areas of all the faces.
7 Volume of a rectangular solid = (length)(width)(height).
The area of a circle of radius r is πr2.
U V
K
J R
O Q
P 7
R
4 T W
8

In the circle above, O is the center, and JK and PR are P 3 S

chords. PR is a diameter and OR is a radius. The dimensions of the rectangular solid above are 8, 3, and 4.
Since OR = 7, the circumference is 2π(7) = 14π. The surface area is 2(3 × 4) + 2(3 × 8) + 2(4 × 8) = 136.
The area is π(7)2 = 49π. The volume is 8 × 3 × 4 = 96.

RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDERS: LINES IN THE COORDINATE PLANE:

The surface area of a right circular cylinder with height An equation y = mx + b determines a line whose slope
h and a base of radius r is 2(πr2) + 2πrh. is m and whose y-intercept is b.
The volume is πr2h, that is, (area of base) × (height). y

P (–2,4)
R

O
x
In the right circular cylinder above, where r = 5 and O
h = 8, the surface area is 2(25π) + 2π(5)(8) = 130π.
The volume is 25π (8) = 200π.
Z S
(3,–3)

Given any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) with x1 ≠ x2,
( y − y1 )
the slope is m = 2 . So using the known point
( x 2 − x1 )
(x1, y1) and the same slope m, any other point (x, y) on
( y − y1 )
the line must satisfy the equation m = .
( x − x1 )

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 GMAT™ Official Guide Quantitative Review 2022

( −3 − 4) 7
Above, the line’s slope is = . So an equation
(3 − ( −2)) 5
of the line can be found using the point (3,−3):

​y − (−3) = (
​ − ​ _75 ​ )​(x − 3)

y+3=(
​ − ​ _75 ​ )​x + _
​ 21
5
 ​ 

y=(
​ − ​ _75 ​ )​x + _​ 56 ​​ 

​​ 6 ​​ .
Thus, the y-intercept is _
5
The x-intercept can be found as follows:
​0 = (
​ − ​ _75 ​ )​x + _​ 65 ​ 
(​  5 ​ )​x = ​ 5 ​ 
_7 6
_
​
x = _​ 67 ​​ 

Both of these intercepts can be seen on the graph.

DISTANCES ON THE COORDINATE PLANE: PARABOLAS:

Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the distance The graph of a quadratic polynomial function is a
between two points: parabola.
y y

(–2,4) 3
R
2
1

–2 –1 O 1 2 x
x –1
O
–2

Above is the graph of the quadratic function

Z S
(3,–3) f (x)= x2 − 1.

To find the distance between points R and S, draw the

triangle as shown. Note that Z has (x,y) coordinates
(−2, −3), RZ = 7, and ZS = 5. Therefore, the distance
between R and S is 7 2 + 5 2 = 74 .

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