TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

AURORA BLVD., QUEZON CITY
MONEVA, LOANNE KYLA F.

I. Introduction

An orifice is an opening in a pipe or at the bottom or side wall of a container through which fluid is
discharged. The orifice can be used to measure flow rates if its geometric properties of and the inherent
properties of the fluid are known. Its flow measurement is based on the application of Bernoulli’s equation,
which states that a relationship exists between the pressure of the fluid and its velocity.

Specifically, the objectives of the experiment are:

1. To obtain the actual time of the discharged water through an orifice

2. To obtain the coefficient of discharge
3. To obtain the average velocity of the fluid and compare it to the theoretical velocity

II. Methodology

Materials:

a. Container
b. Water
c. Ruler

Instructions:

1. Prior to the proper of the experiment, measure the container’s diameter and orifice
2. Measure the height of the orifice

Part 1

1. Let the initial head of water equal to 10cm

2. Record the time until the water reaches the orifice.
3. Write down the time and repeat the process 2 more times.
4. Repeat the process however, the initial head of water to be used is 15 cm and 20 cm
Part 2

1. Use a beaker to add 100 mL of water to the container with water(orifice)

2. Record the time until the water reaches the orifice.
3. Write down the time and repeat the process 2 more times.
4. Repeat the process but add 500 mL and 1000 mL

III. Results and Discussions

PART 1

Diameter of the container 9.4 cm

Diameter of the orifice 0.7cm
Height of the orifice 6.5cm
Cross sectional Area of Container 69.3978 sq. cm
Cross sectional Area of Orifice 0.3848 sq. cm

Table 1. Recorded Time for the Part 1 of the Experiment

Trial 5cm 10cm 15cm

1 30.06 45.97 56.83
2 30.4 44.32 56..78
3 29.33 43.79 55.77
 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

56.83 55.77

45.97 44.32
43.79

30.06 30.4 29.33

5cm 10cm 15cm

Using the formula:

𝟐𝑨(√𝒉𝟏 − √𝒉𝟐
𝑪𝒅 =
𝒕𝒂√𝟐𝒈

Table 1.2 Computed Values for the Coefficient of Discharge

Trial 5cm 10cm 15cm

1 0.026 0.033 0.979
2 0.026 0.035 0.980
3 0.027 0.035 0.997
Average 0.026 0.034 0.956

The average coefficient of discharge when the head of water is 5 cm above the orifice is 0.026,
while 0.034 and 2.956 is computed for 10cm and 15cm, respectively.
Table 1. Recorded Time for the Part 2 of the Experiment

Trial 100mL 500mL 1000mL

1 16.30s 38.8s 56.15
2 16.59s 39.7s 56.83
3 19.18 40.93s 56.51

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

56.83

56.51
56.15
40.93
39.7
38.8
19.18
16.59
16.3

100ML 500ML 1000ML

Use the Formula

𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆
𝑽𝒕 =
𝒕(𝑨)𝑪𝒅

Table 1.2 Computed Values for the Actual Velocity in cm/s

Trial 100mL 500mL 1000mL

1 613.13 984.86 948.41
2 602.41 962.53 947.83
3 521.07 933.605 948.1
Average 578.87 960.33 948.11
 Theoretical Velocity

IV. Documentation