SHS

I
ntr
oducti
ontoWorldRel
igi
onsand
Beli
efSystems
Quarter1:Week1–Modul e1
Int
roducti
ontoWorldRel
igi
onsandBel
iefSy
stems
Grade11/12Quart
er1:Week1–Module1
Fir
stEdit
ion,
2020

Copyr
ight©2020
LaUnionSchool
sDi
vi
sion
Regi
onI

Al
lri
ght
sreserved.Nopartoft
hismodulemayber
epr
oducedi
nanyf
orm wi
thout
wr
itt
enper
mi ssi
onf r
om t
hecopyri
ghtowner
s.

Dev
elopmentTeam oft
heModul
e

Aut
hor
:Macdonal
dP.Veni TI
da, I
I

Edi
tor
:SDOLaUni
on,
Lear
ningResour
ceQual
i
tyAssur
anceTeam

I
ll
ust
rat
or:Er
nest
oF.RamosJr
.,PI
I

ManagementTeam:

ATTY.Donat
oD.Bal der
as,Jr.
School
sDivi
sionSuperi
ntendent

Vi
vianLuzS.Pagatpat
an,Ph.D
Assist
antSchool
sDivi
sionSuper
int
endent

Ger
manE.Fl
ora,
Ph.
D,CI
DChi
ef

Vi
rgi
l
ioC.Boado,
Ph.
D,EPSi
nChar
geofLRMS

Mar
ioB.Paneda,
Ed.
D,EPSi
nChar
geofAr
ali
ngPanl
i
punan

Mi
chael
JasonD.Mor
al PDOI
es, I
 Int
roduct
iont
oWor l
d
Rel
igi
on sandBel
iefSy
s t
ems
Quar
ter1:Week1–Modul
e1
 Tar
get
Bef
orest
art
ingt
hemodul
e,pl
easer
eadt
hei
nst
ruct
ionsbel
ow.

 Fol
l
owcar
eful
lyal
lthecont
ent
sandi
nst
ruct
ionsi
ndi
cat
edi
never
ypageoft
his
mod ul
e.
 Answerallact
ivi
ti
esprovi
dedinthi
smodule.
 Readp at
ient
lythed i
scussi
onsforyoutobea bl
etoanswert
hed i
ff
erent
act
ivi
ti
es.
 Anal
yzec onceptuall
ythepost-
testandappl
ywh aty
ouhavelear
ned.
 GoodL uckande njoy!

I
nMod u l
e1 ,y
oua r
eexpect
edt odi
ffer
ent
iat
ethec oncept
s,element
sandchar
acter
ist
icsof
bel
iefsy
s t
ems ,wor
ldv
iew,
reli
gionandspi
ri
tual
it
y.Speci
fi
call
y,t
hismodul
ewi
llhel
pyouto:

 under
standt
hedynami
csoft
hedi
ff
erentel
ement
sandchar
act
eri
sti
csoft
he
bel
iefsy
stems,
wor
ldv
iews,
rel
igi
on,andspi
ri
tual
it
y.
 appr
eci
atethei
mport
anceofone’
sownbel
ief
sandvi
ewsasabel
ieverofGodand;
 appl
ythesebel
ief
sinyouri
nter
acti
onwi
thyourf
ell
owmen,t
heworld,nat
ure,
andGod.

Letuss tar
tyou rj
our
neytot hedi
ffer
entbel
iefsy
stems,wor
ldv
iews,r
eli
gion and
spi
ri
tual
it
y.Iguessy
ouarev
e r
yexci
tedtoanswert
hePret
est
.

PRETEST: Modi
fi
edMat
chi
ngTy
pe
Directi
ons:Ar r
angethej umb l
edlet
ter
si ncolumnB,wr i
tey oura nsweronthes pace
provi
d edb ef
orethelett
er.Thenma t
chthearr
a ngedwordtoc olumnA, wr
it
ethel
e t
terof
thec orrectansweront hes pacepr
ovi
d edbef
oret henumb er
.Us eas epar
atesheetof
paperf oryouranswer.
Column ColumnB
A
1.
Ab el
iefinonesupr
emeg od ___
__¬___
_a.OEIMPYLHTS

2.Anor ganizedsystem ofb eli

efs,_
___
___
__b.
RTLSI
UA
ceremon i
es ,andr ulesu sedt owor shi
pag odora
groupofg od s
3.Referstoas etofbel
ief
sthatis _
___
___
__c.
RLGNEII
O
bothcoherentandc omprehens i
ve
4.Theb el
iefandwor shi
pofma n y _
___
___
__d.
MNTHSMOOE I
gods.
5.Includec er
emon iesthatre-
ena ct_
___
___
__e.
WWRL DVOI
E
sacreds t
ories,andv ari
ou sa ct
ivi
ti
es,sucha ss ongs
andd ancest hatexpressprai
s eorthanksgi
vingto
God ,
g ods,orar ever
edt eacherorprophet

Gr
eatJob!Youf
ini
shedanswer
ingt
hemodi
fi
edmat
chi
ngt
ype.
..

4
 Jumpst
art

Befor
eyouproceedt
othedi
scussi
onlet
’shavesomeeducat
ionalact
ivi
ti
est
hatgi
ve
youbackgr
oundonthedi
scussi
ons.

Act
ivi
ty1: WhatIknow?
Di
rect
ion:Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ionsonasepar
atesheetofpaper
.

1.Howwoul
dyoudef
iner
eli
gion?

2.Whatchar
act
eri
sti
csdoy
out
hinkar
ecommont
oal
lrel
igi
ons?

3.Whatdoy
out
hinki
sthev
a l
ueofst
udy
ingt
hedi
ff
erentr
eli
gionsi
nthewor
ld?

Act
ivi
ty2: IBel
ieve!
!
Di
rect
ions:Wri
te5thi
ngsthaty
oubel
ievei
nthecont
extofr
eli
gion.Puty
ouransweron
asepar
atesheetofpaper
.

Act
ivi
ty3:SongAnal
ysi
s
Dir
ecti
on:List
e norr eadt
h esong“Wh oAm I byCasti
ngCrowns”
,thenanswer
thefol
l
owi ngqu esti
onsonas epar
ates heetofpaper
.
1.Howdoy ouf eelduri
ngthesingi
ngofthes ong“WhoAm I”?
2.Wha tdoesthes ongimplyaboutrel
igi
on?
3.Whatk i
ndofgodc anbepict
uredbas edfr
om thel
yri
cs?

Congr
atul
ati
ons.
..
youmadei
tagai
n..
.

5
 Di
scov
e r

DEFI
NITI
ONANDNATUREOFRELI
GION
Religi
onma ybede fine da s“anorga ni
ze ds yst
em ofbe li
e fs,ceremonies,a ndr ul
e sus ed
towor shipagodoragr oupofgods ”Me rriam-We bsterDi c t
ionary2014) .TheL a t
inwor d
reli
giore fer
st o“some t
hingdonewi thovera nx i
ousors crupul ousa tt
entiontode tai
l”(Bowk er
1997) .Thiste r
m ma yhav epr oba bl
ybee nde ri
vedfrom thel atinv erbreli
garewhi chme ans“ to
ti
et ogethe r
,tobindfast.
”
Acc ordi
ngt oGrassie( 2010), t
hewor dre l
igi
onr ef
e r
st oe xpr essi
onofpr ope rpiety
, thati
s,
bindingt ogod.Qui t
elate r
, r
e l
igi
onwa sus edt odesignatef or ma lbel
iefsystemsa ndt e net
s.
Thet e r
m wa se vent
uall
ya ppli
e dtowha twenow c allasr eligionbe causeoft hema nne rin
whi chpe oplepe r
formedr i
tua l
sdur ingt
hos eda y
s.Whi l
ere l
igionma ybeuni versal i
na l
l stages
ofhuma nhi stor
y,itdoesnotf oll
owt hata l
lindivi
dualsa r
er eligiousore venr el
igioustos ome
de gree(Pa rr
inder1971).

DEFI
NITI
ONFROM SOMESCHOLARS
Scholarsf
rom di f
ferentdi
s ci
pli
nesha v
ede fi
nedreli
gioninv aryi
ngwa ys,t
houghs ome
si
mi l
ari
ti
esa ndinter
s ect
ionsca ne asi
l
ybeobs er
vedint hesede f
init
ions.The sedefi
nitions
resul
tedfrom t
heirstudiesofreli
gionsusingthelensorpe r
spe ct
ivesoft hei
rownr espec ti
ve
di
sc i
pli
nes,whi
chincludes oci
ology,ant
hropology
,phil
osophy,theol
ogy ,andrel
igi
ouss tudies
Na meofScholar Year Vi
ewonRe li
gion
Fri
edri
ch 1768- Thee ssenceofreli
gionconsist
sint
hefeel
ingof
Schlei
ermacher 1834 absol
utede pendence
Jame sMarti
neau 1805- Reli
gionist hebeli
efin..
.aDi vi
nemindan dwi
ll
1900 rul
ingtheu niver
sea ndholding
moralrel
a t
ionswithma nki
nd
C.P.Ti
ele 1830- Re l
i
g i
on i s ...t h atp urea n dr eve renti
a l
1902 dispos i
ti
onorf r
a meofmi ndwh i
chwec al
l piet
y
F.H.Br
adl
ey 1846- Re l
i
g i
on i s. ..t h ea ttemp tto e x pr
es st he
1924 comp leter ealit
y ofg ood nesst hrou ghe very
aspe ctofou rb ei
n g
JamesFr
azi
er 1854- Re l
igi
o n i s ...a p ropi
ti
a t
ion o r
1941 con ci
li
ationofp owe r
ss up eri
ortoma n
Emi
l
eDur
khei
m 1858- Re l
igi
o ni s.
..au n i
fi
e ds yste mo fb e l
iefsa nd
1917 p r
acticesr elati
v etos a credt hi
n gs...wh ich
un i
teintoo nes ing l
emor alcommuni ty
Rudol
fOt
to 1869- Reli
gion ist hatwhi ch gr owsoutof ,and gi ves
1937 expressionto,e xperi
enc eoft heholyini t
sv a r
ious
aspects.”8. Pa ulTil
li
ch( 1886-1965):“Religionis
thestateofbe inggr aspedbya nult
ima tec onc ern,
ac onc er
nwhi c hqua li
fi
e sa l
l otherc once rnsa s
prel
imina r
ya ndwhi chitse l
fc ont
ainst hea ns we r
totheque sti
onoft heme aningofourl ife

J.Mi
l
tonYi
nger 1916- Reli
gionisas ystem ofb el
ief
sa n dpracti
cesb y
2011 me ansofwh i
chag roupofp eop l
es t
ruggl
ewi th
theulti
ma teproblem ofhuma nli
fe
JohnHi
ck 1922- Reli
gionc onsti
tutesou rvar
iedhu ma nresponse
2012 totranscendentr eal
ity
Ni
nianSmar
t 1927- Thes ixcharacteri
sti
c sordime nsi
on sofreli
gion
2001 are:“ther i
tual
,t hemy t
hol
og i
ca l
,thed octr
inal
,
theethical,
thes ocial
,andthee xperi
enti
al

6
Pet
erBer
ger 1929- Reli
gioni s...t
h eestabl
ishmentth r
ou ghh uma n
acti
vityofa nall-
emb r
acingsacredor der,t
hatis,
ofa s acr
e dc osmos t hatwil
lb ec apable of
ma i
nta i
ningi t
se l
fint he ever
-presentf ace of
chaos
JamesC.Li
vi
ngst
on 1930- Reli
gioni sthats yst
em ofa ct
ivit
iesa ndbe l
iefs
dir
ectedt owa r
dt hatwhi chis perceivedto be
sacredinv al
uea ndtr
ansformi
ngpowe r

7
 RoyA.Cl
ouser 1937- Ar el
igi
ousbeliefi
sa nybeli
efinsome t
hingor
othera s di
vine.‘Divi
ne’me ans havi
ng the
stat
usofnotd ependi
n gona nyt
hingelse.
Rol
andRober
tson 1938- Re l
i
g i
onp ert
a i
n stoad ist
inct
ionb etween
an e mp i
ri
ca l a nd a s uper
-emp i
ri
cal
,
tr
a nscendentalreal
it
y:theaffai
rsofthe
empiricalbei
ngs ubordinat
edins igni
fi
cance
tothenone mpiri
cal

KEYELEMENTSOFRELI
GION
A.Rel
igi
onCont
ainsAWor
ldv
iew
 Awor
ldv
iewr
efer
stoasetofbel
ief
sthati
sbot
hcoher
entandcompr
ehensi
ve.As
acoher
entsetofbel
ief
sfor
msab el
iefsy
stem,anot
herwayofsayi
ngt
hesamei
sthat
aworl
dvi
ewrefer
stoac omprehensi
vebel
iefsy
stem.

 Fi
rst
,rel
igi
on consi
sts ofbel
ief
s.Bel
ief
s gener
all
yref
ert
oasser
ti
ons,cl
aims,or
thought
sa boutthingst hatarehe l
dtobet r
ue.Be l
ief
sa r
e,str
ict
lys peaki
ng,me ntalst
ates
thatadvancec l
a i
msork nowledgea boutt hewor l
d,anda ree xpressi
bleinthef orm of
stat
eme nt
s( orpropos it
ions). Examplesofr el
igiousbeli
efsaret hebe l
ief
stha thuma ns
haveimmor talsouls,thatthereisaGodorgods ,andthatthereisuniversalj
usticei
nt he
worldinwhi chwr ongdoi ngss hal
lbea ppropr
iatel
ypunisheda ndgoodde edss hal
lbe
appropr
iat
e l
yrewa rded,ifnoti
nt hi
sworld,intheafter
li
fe.

 Second,asetofbel
ief
sfor
msasy
stem whent
hesebel
ief
sar
ecoher
ent
;andt
hey
arecoh erentwh ent h eya rec onsistent
lyin ter
relat
ed.Be i
n ginterr
elat
ed,theb el
iefsi
na
systemi nfl
u enceora ffec ton ea nother.Fori nstance,theb eli
efthath uma nsa r
efree
andth usa r
ea ccoun tablef ortheiracti
on si srel
atedtot heb eli
efthatthereisu ni
versal
j
us t
ice;ortheb elieftha thu ma nli
feiss ac r
e d,asiti
sac r
e at
ionofGodora nima t
edb ya
soul,i
sr el
atedt oth ee thicalprinci
pletha titiswrongt od estr
oyah umanlif
e .Andb ei
ng
coherent,thes eb eli
e f
sd on otc ontradi
c ton ea nother.Ane xamp l
eoft woi ncoher
e nt
beli
efsa reth eb el
ieft h atthereisu ni
versa ljust
icea ndt heb el
iefthatthereisn olif
e
aft
erd eath.F orwith ou tana fterl
ife,t
herewou ldb enog uaranteethatuniver
s alj
usti
ce
wil
lb eserve dinth ata l
l wron gdoingswi l
l bea ppropri
atelypu ni
sheda nda l
lgoodd eeds
wil
lb ea pprop r
iatel
yr e wa r
d ed.Be i
ngc oh erentl
yinterr
e l
ated,awor ldvi
ewt hush asthe
f
u nct
ionofg i
v i
ngor de rtoou re xperi
ence sa ndther eal
iti
esinou rwor l
d.

 L astl
y,a beli
efs ystem i sc ompr ehensiv
e whe ni taccountsf ora wi de range of
phenome na(oreventsinthewor ld)orwhe nitde al
swithawi derangeofhuma nc oncerns.
Reli
giousbe l
i
e fsyst
emsa rec ompr ehensi
vei nthisli
ghtfortheya ddr essawi der angeof
huma nc oncer
ns.Forins t
a nce,theya ddressc oncer
nsa boutwha tma kesl i
feme aningful
,
whatha ppensa f
terdeath,howt hewor l
dbe gana ndhowi twoul de nd,howhuma nsought
todea lwit
honea nother,whyt herearev ar
ioushuma nr acesandl angua ges,howhuma ns
oughtt oregar
dthe i
rnatura lenvi
ronme ntoritsnonhuma nme mbe rs,andwha ti
st heright
att
it
udet owardswe alt
h,a uthorit
ies,spouses,mone y,sex,worries,knowl edge,sufferi
ngs,
ands oma nyothers.As etofbe l
i
e f
stha ti
snotc omprehensiveisnotawor ldvi
ew.

B.Spi
ri
tualWor
ld
 Rel
i
g i
onbel
ievesorassumest
hatt
her
eisaspi
ri
tualwor
ldorat
ranscendentr
eal
it
yin
addi
ti
ont
othephysi
cal
,nat
uralwor
ldt
hatwel
i
vei
n.
 Byspi
ri
tual
,wesi
mpl
ymeannonphysi
calornonnat
ural
.Assuch,t
hespi
ri
tualwor
ld
ref
erstowh atiss ome t
imesa lsoca l
l
e dthetranscendentalwor l
dors upernatur
al
world(by“
transcendent
al”and“super
,”weme an“ out
sidethep hysi
calorn at
ural”
).
 Beingnonphysi
cal,t
hes pi
ri
tualworl
disk nownora ccessednotb yme ansofs cient
if
ic
me t
hods( gener
all
yt heme thodsofs ens eobservat
iona ndqu anti
fi
c at
ion),butb y
otherme ansofk nowings ucha sv i
sions,revel
ati
ons,a ndmy st
ical(orre l
i
g i
ous)
experi
ences.

8
 Mor
eov
e r
,theaccept
anceofi
tsr
eal
it
yort
rut
hisnotamat
terofhavi
ngsomeobj
ect
ive
evi
denc eorme thodofveri
fi
cation;rather,i
tisama tterofha vingfai
th.
 Reli
gioni stherefor
eoppos edt o ma ter
ial
ism (s ome ti
me sa l
soc all
ed physical
ism or
natur
ali
s m),whichisthebe l
ieftha treal
it
yi sjustphy sicala ndnothingmor e,orthatthe
onlyrealwor ld is the wor ldt hati sknownt hrought heme t
hodsoft hes ci
enc es.
Dependingont hepa r
ti
cularre l
i
gionsbe i
ngc ons i
dered,t hes pi
ri
tualworldofr eli
gion
usuall
yincludesaGod, gods,souls ,angels,pr
inciples(li
ket helawofk arma )
, andvalues,
amongot he r
s.

 Weear
li
ernot
edt
hatr
eli
gioncont
ainsawor
ldvi
eworacompr
ehensi
vebel
iefsy
stem.
I
ts hall
,h owe v
e r
,ben oti
cedt hatitisnoton l
yr el
igi
ont hatcontai
nsawor l
dvi
e w.
Science,somep hil
osophies,andideol
ogies(l
ikeMa rxi
sm)a lsocontai
nworl
dviews,
fortheytooh oldas etofbe l
ief
sthatarecoherentandc omprehensi
ve.Oneessenti
al
dif
ference,howe ver,bet
we enthereli
giousworldvi
ewa n dtheseotherwor
ldvi
ewsi s
thatt
h ereli
giouswor l
dvi
ewi ncl
udesas pi
ri
tualworl
d.

C.Sacr
edness
 Rel
i
gionr
egar
dscer
tai
nthi
ngsassacr
ed. Thesacr
edi
scont
rast
edwi
tht
heor
dinar
y,
secular
,orpr of
ane.Whi l
eordi
nar
yt hingsc anbeus edasme reinst
r umentstosat
isf
y
huma ni nter
est
s,sacr
e dthi
ngsaretre at
edwi t
hrespectorr
everence.Also,t
heval
ueof
theordina r
ythi
ngdependsonhuma ninterest
s(iti
s“mind-
dependent
”),whilet
heval
ueof
asa cr
edt hi
ngdoesnot(i
tis“
mind-
inde pendent”
).
 Asacr
edt
hingei
therhasi
tsown(
int
ri
nsi
cori
nher
ent
)val
ueori
tder
ivesi
tsv
a l
ue
fr
om a s soc iati
onwi t
has acredt h i
ngwh ichha svalu eoni t
sown .Int hisc on sideration ,
wec a nd isti
n gu i
shb et
we ent wok i
n dsofs acredn ess,wh ichwes h allc al
li nh eren t
sacred n es sa ndd e r
iveds acred ness .Some t
hingh asi n here nts a credn es si fith as
valueoni tsown( ori tisvalua bleb yitself
),wh i
les ome th i
n gh a sd e r
iveds a cred nes si f
i
tsv alu ei sd erivedf r
om s ome t
h i
n gth athasin herents ac redn ess.
 Accor dingly ,wer espe ctthei nhe r
e ntl
ys acredbe caus eitiswor t
hr e spec t
ingoni tsown;
andwea ls ore spec tthede rivati
ve l
ys ac r
edbe causewer e spec tthei nhe rentl
ys a credt ha t
i
sa ss ocia t
e d wi t
hi t.Ourdi vi
sionoft hesacredintot hei nhere nta ndt hede ri
ve dc an be
gleane df rom t hef oll
owi ng re ma rks by Zi nnbauera nd Pa r
ga me nt(2005,34)ont he
natureoft hes acredi nc onsiderationoft hev i
ewsofDur khe i
m( 1915)a ndPa rgame nta nd
Ma hone y(2002) :“Ass tatedbyDur khe im(1915, 52),by s acredt hings one mus tnot
unde r
s tands impl yt hosepe rsona lbe i
ngswhi cha rec all
edGodsors pir
its;ar ock ,at r
e e,a
spri
ng, ape bbl e,api e ceofwood,ahous e—inawor d,a nythingc a nbes ac red.
 Thus,t hede signa ti
oni snotl imite dtohi gherpowe rsori mmi nentf orc es,buti nclude s
othera spe c t
sofl ife t hat t ak e on di vi
ne c harac tera nd me aning thr ough t he i
r
assoc iationwi t
horr epresentati
onoft heholy.
”The ser ema rksi ndica tetha tthei nhe rent l
y
sacreda reus uallys piri
tualinna ture,s ucha sGodorgods ,soul s,principles,a nd v alue s;
whilet hede r
ivative l
ys a cr
eda reus ua ll
yphy si
calin na ture,s uc h a ss pac es( li
ket he
pl
a ces ofwor shipa nd the pla ces whe r
ei mpor t
a nte v ents ort urning poi nt si nt he
deve l
opme ntofar e li
gion oc curred—whi chma ybeapl acei nna t
urel ikeunde ra c erta i
n
tr
e e,ac ertai
nr iver, ace r
tainmount ain,andothe r
s),s ymbol s,s tatue s,re l
ics,s crolls,a nd
cl
othing.

D.Et
hicalCodes
 Rel i
gionsh avee thi
calormor alcod esrefer
ri
ngt og u i
deli
nesc onc er
ningh ow
huma nsou ghtt or el
atetot hed i
vi
ne,treaton ea not
h er,orb ehavet owardson e
another
,God ,g ods,andreveredteachers.I
ns omec a ses,thesec odesa l
soi ncl
ude
rul
esa boutwh attypesoffoodtorefr
ainfrom eat
ingg ener
a l
ly,whattypeofc l
othesto
wearons p eci
fi
coc casi
ons,andothers.Someoft heseethicalcodesa rereveal
edb ya
Godt oc hosenme ssenger
s;wh i
l
es omea rer
e al
izedthrou ghah e i
ghtenedform of
spi
rit
ualac t
ivi
tyli
keme dit
ati
on.

E.Communi
ty
9
 Rel
i
gions havecommuni
ti
es.A r
eli
gious bel
iefsy
stem i
sshar
edand pr
act
iced bya
communi t
yofbe l
i
e v
e r
s(se eDurkhei
m’sa ndOtto’
sde f
init
ionsofr el
igi
on)
.Thec ommunity
ofbe l
i
e v
e rsus ual
lyinvol
vesa norganizat
ionconsist
ingofahi e r
archyofauthori
ti
es.Each
l
ev eli
nt heh ierar
chyh asd esi
gnatedri
g ht
sa ndd uti
es.How p eoplegettooc cupyt
h e
higherpos iti
onsv aryindiffer
entrel
igi
on s.Thewa ysincl
u derevelati
ons,r
eincar
nati
ons,
bloodrelations,ande lect
ionb yrever
edme mbersofth ereli
giousc ommu ni
ty

F.Sacr
edWr
it
ings
 Rel
i
g i
onshavesacr
edwr
it
ings,whi
chcont
aint
hei
rmai
nteachi
ngsordoct
ri
nes,cent
ral
stor
ies,ethicalcodes,a ndp ropheci
es.Sa cred writ
ingsa r
ed ivi
nel
yin spi
red.Th ei
r
content
sa reu sual
lyreveal
edb yaGodorg odst hr
oug hchosenme ssengers.I
ns ome
cases,theya r
ea r
rivedatb yreveredteachersa sreal
izati
onsduri
ngs pi
ri
tualacti
v i
ti
es
l
i
k eme dit
a t
ion.Some ti
me stheme rereci
tati
onofp assagesinthesacredwr i
ti
ngsc an
al
readyp roducer el
igi
ouse ff
ec t
slikeb l
essings,forgi
veness,spi
ri
tualcalmn ess,and
powert oove rcomes ina ndfearortoe xorciseevilspir
it
s.Some t
imes,too,theme re
presenceors i
ghtofas acr
edb ookisenought op r
od ucetheser
eli
giouseffect
s.

G.Cent
ralSt
ori
es
 Rel
i
gionshavecent
ralst
ori
es.Someschol
arsr
efert
othesest
ori
esas“
myt
hs,
”butduet
oa
connot at
ion oft he term “ myth”a s be ing a s t
orytha tis pure l
yima ginaryort hatis
hi
st ori
call
yunt r
ue ,wes ha llusethe( hope f
ull
y)ne ut
ralterm“s t
ory .
”Thec e ntr
alstor
iesof
rel
igionsincl
udea ccountsofhowt hewor l
da ndthehuma nrace( orac hose nhuma nrace)
bega n;howGodwa spe rsoni f
iedorma nifestedinthewor l
d;howagr eatt
ea chercamet oa
reali
zati
onofr el
igi
oust ruthsorr eceivedme ssage sandinstr
uc t
ionsf rom God,t he gods,
ort he he avens;howt hei mpor t
a nte ventsint he l
ife ofa gr ea tteacherc a me about;
andhow s omea ct
ionsoff a i
thf
ulf oll
owe rs( l
i
k eactsofma rt
y rdom)be c amewor thyof
emul ati
onors our cesofr el
igiousinspi r
ation.

H.Ri
tual
s
 Rel
i
g i
onshaver
it
ual
s whi
chi
ncl
udecer
emoni
est
hatr
e-enactsacr
edst
ori
es,and
v
a r
iousact
ivi
ti
es,suchass ongsandd ancest
hatexpr
esspr
aiseort
hanksgi
vi
ngt
oGod,
gods,
orareveredteacherorprophet
.

I
.Ar
ti
sti
cExpr
essi
on
 Rel
i
g i
onsengagei
nvar
iousar
ti
sti
cexpr
essi
onsf
ort
hei
rbel
ief
s.Thesear
ti
sti
c
expr
essi
onscanbeinthefor
m ofmu si
c,dance,ar
chi
tect
uraldesi
gn,sculpt
ure,poetr
y,
dr
ama ,
andot
hers.Manyofthewor
ld-r
enowneda r
ti
sti
cworkswe r
er el
igi
ousl
yinspir
ed.

UNDERSTANDI
NGBELI
EFSANDWORLDVI
EWS
Ever
yi ndi
vi
duals eesandinter
pret
st heworl
dquit
ediff
erent
lyfrom oneanot
her.Thi
s
over
allperspect
iveisal
soterme d“worl
dvi
ew”whi
chisac oll
ect
ionofbeli
efsaboutl
if
e
andtheuniver
sebe i
ngheldbypeople(
TheFreeDi
cti
onar
y2014).

Di
ff
erentKi
ndsOfBel
iefSy
s t
emsOrWor
ldv
iews
1.
Mon i
sm- Thereisnore aldi
sti
nctionbet
we eng oda ndtheuni
v er
se.
2.Pol
ythei
s m-Theb el
iefandwor shipofma nygod s.
3.
Mon othei
sm- Thedoctri
neorb eli
efinonesu pr
e meg od.
4.
Atheism-Disbel
iefi
nord eni
alofth eexi
stenceofap e r
sonalgod.
5.
Agnos t
ici
sm- Godc annotbekn own .

SPI
RITUALI
TYANDRELI
GIOUSNESS
Intwolarge-
sc a l
es t
udiesexaminedb yZinn bauerandPa r
game nt(2005,28)(seealso
Sauciera nd Skrz
y p i
ska2 006)a bou thow p e opl
ep er
ceiv
et her elat
ionshi
pb et
we en
spi
ri
tualit
yandreli
g iousness,therespondent
sc lassif
iedthemselvesint
ot hr
eeca t
egori
e s:
1.thosewh oc on si
deredthemselvesasb othreli
g i
ousands pi
ri
tual(ar
ound6 9%);
2.thosewh oc on si
deredthemselvesass piri
tualbutnotr
e l
i
g i
ous(around21 %);
a nd
3.thosewhoc ons i
deredthemselvesasreli
giousbutnotspir
it
ual(4%).
10
 The sef i
ndings ,amongot he r
s ,pointt oadi ffer
enc ebetwe ent hec once ptsofs pir
it
ua li
ty
andr el
igiousne ss.Someoft heque sti
onst ha tarise,i
nt hi
sc ons iderati
ona re:Iss pir
it
ua li
ty
opposedt or el
igiousne ss?Isi tpos s i
blet ober el
igi
ouswi thoutbe ings pir
itua l
?I ss pir
it
ua li
ty
nota ne s senti
a lcompone ntofr eli
gions ucht ha twec anha vear e l
i
gionwi t
houts pir
it
ua l
ity?
How dowema kes enseoft hee xpressions“ spiri
tualbutnotr eli
gious ”and“ re l
igi
ousbutnot
spi
rit
ual”?Wha tisther ol
eofs pirit
ua li
tyinr el
igion?
Zin nbau era ndPa rgame n t( 20 05)ide ntif
yt wog eneralp er
sp ecti
v esont her el
a t
ions hi
p
betwee ns piri
tua l
it
ya ndr el
igiou s nes s.Bot hp erspectiv
e sa ssumet h atreligiousn essa nd
spi
rit
u ali
tya ren oti denticalc onc epts;b utwh il
et hef ir
stp erspec t
iver e gardst h et wo
concep tsa sinc omp atibl
eop p os i
te s(ormu tu all
ye xclusi
ve, t
h atis,theyc a nnotg oh a ndin
hand),thes e con don ed oe sn ot .F orth ef i
rstp e r
spe ct
ive,itisn otp oss i
b l
et ob er eli
giou s
ands piri
tuala tt hes amet i
me .Ar eli
g i
ou sp e rson,int hi
sr egard, i
sn otas pi
r i
tualp er
s on,
andas piri
tual personi sn otar eligiousp er
s on .Ont heot herh and ,t
h es econ dp e rspective
ma i
ntainst h atitisp ossiblet ob er el
ig i
ou sa nds pir
ituala tthes amet ime .A r eli
giou s
personc a nb eas pi
ritualper son ,a ndas piri
tu alpe r
sonc a nb ear eli
g i
ou sp er
s on.Wh at
ma kest hemd iffer
e ntorn oti d enticaliss i
mp lythaton eisaf orm orv ersionoft heot her.
Thatis,e i
therr eli
giousn essisaf or m ofs pi
ritua l
it
yors p i
ri
tuali
tyisaf orm ofr e l
igi
ou snes s.

Expl
ore

Herear
esomeenr
ichmentact
ivi
ti
esfory
outoworkontomasterand
st
rengt
hent
hebasi
cconcept
sy ouhavel
ear
nedf
rom t
hisl
esson.

Enr
ichmentAct
ivi
ty1:Expl
ainMe.
..
.
Di
recti
ons:Di
scussthefoll
owingquest
ionsbasedf
rom whaty
ouhaver
ead.Usea
separ
atesheetofpaperforyouranswer
.

1.Whi
chamongt
hedef
ini
ti
onsgi
venbysomeschol
ars,
doy
out
hinki
sthebestmeani
ngof
rel
igi
on?
2.Whatar ethemos timport
a ntel
eme nt
sa ndleasti
mpor
tantel
ement
sof r
eli
gion?
Explai
ny ouranswer
.
3.Whatdoest hewor drel
igi
onme antoyou?
4.Doy oua gr
eethatgodc reatedt
heuniverse?
5.Doy ouc onsi
dery our
se l
fa srel
igi
ousors pi
ri
tu al
?

Enr
ichmentAct
ivi
ty2:Def
ineMe.
..
..
Di
rect
ion:
Giv
ethemeani
ngoft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
erms.
Terminologi
es Def
ini
ti
on
Worl
dview
Spir
it
ua l
it
y
SacredWr i
tings
Sacredness
Commu ni
ty
Et
h i
calCod es
Ri
tuals
Art
isti
cE xpressi
on
Cent
ralSt
ori
es

11
Enr
ichmentAct
ivi
ty3:WhatIhavel
ear
ned?

Dir
ecti
on :
L i
st5thi
ng sthatyouhavel
ear
nedi
nthedi
scussi
onaboutt
heet
ymol
ogyof
rel
igi
on.
1.Ihavelearnedt
h atrel
igi
onis..
..
..
..
.
2.Ih avel
earnedthatrel
igioni
s...
..
..
.
3.Ihavelearnedt
h atrel
igi
onis..
..
..
..
4.Ihavelearnedt
h atrel
igi
onis..
..
..
..
5.Ihavelearnedt
h atrel
igi
onis..
..
..
..
.

Enr
ichmentAct
ivi
ty4:Dr
awMe.
..
.

Di
recti
ons:Il
l
u st
rat
eonet
hingt
hatr
eli
gionhasbr
oughti
ntoy
ourl
i
fe?Useasepar
atesheetof
paperfort
hisacti
vit
y.

Rubri
cforDr
awi
ng
Cr
it
eri
a 10 8 5 3
Content Appropri
ate Mostdet
ail
s Fewdetail
s Node t
a i
l
s
detai
ls suppor
tthe suppor
tthe suppor
tthe
supportt
he topi
c t
opi
c t
opi
c
t
opic
Focus All Most Fe w I
llustr
ations
i
llust
rat
ions i
llust
rat
ions i
llust
rations donot
compleme nt complement compleme nt compl eme nt
purposeof purposeof purpos eof pur poseof
dr
a wi
ng drawi
ng dr
a wing drawing
Vi
sualAppeal Outst
anding Adequat
eu se I
nappropri
ate Lit
tle
useofcolor, ofcol
or, useofc ol
or, att
emp tto
desi
g n,and desi
gn,and design,and usec ol
or,
space space spa ce desi
gn,and
space

Deepen

A.Cr
it
icalThi
nki
ngQuest
ions
Di
rect
ions:Expl
aint
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ions.Wr
it
eyouransweronasepar
atesheetofpaper
.
1.I
nwhatway/
sbei
ngr
eli
giousi
sdi
ff
erentf
rom bei
ngspi
ri
tual
?
2.Cansome oneb er el
igi
ousa ndspi
ri
tualatthesamet i
me?YesorNo?I
fyes,
g i
ve
possi
blesit
ua t
iontoe xpl
ainyourpoi
nt.Ifnost
a tewhy?
3.Whyisiti
mpor t
a ntt
orespecttheworl
dvi
ewsofot her
s?
4.Howdoe srel
igi
onhe l
pe xpl
ainman’
se xi
stenceandrol
einthewor
ld?
B.I
nter
view
Di
rect
ion:I
nterviewoneme mbe rofyourf
a mil
yaboutr el
igi
on.Seet
oitt
hatdur
ingt
he
i
nter
viewyouv ideoy oursel
fa skingquest
ionstoy ourint
ervi
ewee.
1.Whatdoesr eli
gionme a ntoy ou?
2.Gi
veones ymbol t
ha tyouk nowa boutyourrel
igion.
3.Doy ourel
igiouslygot othec hurcheverySunda y?
4.Wha tar
et hethingsyoudoi nsi
det hechurch?
5.Whatdoy ouobs er
v ei
ny ourc ommunity?
6.Gi
veimpor t
anc eofr el
igi
on.

12
C.I
ll
ust
rat
ion
Dir
ecti
on:Sk et
chap ersonwh oisspir
it
ualbutn otreli
giousa ndsketchaper
sonwh ois
rel
igi
ousb utnotspi
ri
tu al
.Us eas epar
ateshee tforyouran swer.
Rubri
cforDrawing
Cri
ter
ia 10 8 5 3
Con t
ent Appr opr
iat
ede tai
ls Mos td etai
ls Fe wdetail
s Nodet
a i
l
s
s upportthe supportthe supportthe suppor
tthe
t
opic top i
c topi
c t
opi
c

Focus Al
l i
ll
ustr
ati
ons Most Few I
llustr
ations
compleme nt i
llust
rat
ions i
llust
rat
ions donot
purpos eof compleme nt compleme nt compl eme nt
drawi
ng purposeof purposeof pur poseof
dr
awing dr
awing drawing
Vi
sualAppeal Out
standi
ngu se Adequat
eu se Inappropri
ate Lit
tle
ofcol
or,desi
gn, ofcol
or,desi
gn, useofc ol
or, att
emp tto
andspace andspace design,and usec ol
or,
spa ce desi
gn,and
space

D.Ref
lect
ion
Di
recti
on:Answert
h efoll
owi ngqu est
ionsonas eparatesheetofpaper
.
1.
Howd i
dyoufeelaft
era ccomp li
shingthea cti
vi
ties?
2.
Wha ti
mport
antreal
izat
iondidy ouenc ounterwhil
edoingtheacti
vi
ti
es?
3.Af
teranswer
ingt
hemodul e ,ar
ey oureli
giousorspiri
tual
?

Rubri
cf orRef
lect
ion
Excel
lent VeryGood Good Poor
Ref
lect
ive The r efl
ect
ion Therefl
ection The r ef
lect
ion The
Thi
nking expl
ains the explai
n the a tt
empts t
o ref
lect
ion
st
udents own students demonstr
ate does not
thi
nki
ng and thi
nking thi
nki
nga bout addressthe

13
 l
e ar
ning about l
earni
ngb utiss t
udents
Processes, as hi
s/her own v
a gue and t
hinki
ng
we l
l as l
earni
ng uncl
ear a b outand
i
mpl i
cat
ionsf
or pr
ocesses. t
he personall
earni
ng
fut
ure l
earni
ng
l
e ar
ning. pr
o cess.
Anal
ysi
s The r efl
ecti
on There f
lect
ion The r ef
lect
ion The
i
sa ni n-depth i
sa na naly
s i
s att
empt s t
o ref
lect
ion
analysi
soft he of t
hen analyze the does not
l
e ar
ning l
ea r
ning l
e ar
ning move
experience,the experi
ence experiencebu t beyond a
val
ue of t he andt hevalue the v alue of de scri
pti
on
deri
ved ofthede r
ived thelear
ningt o of t
he
l
e ar
n i
ngt oself, l
ea r
ning to the student l
earni
ng
and self. or ot hers i s experi
e nce.
enha nceme nt unc l
ear.
ofthes tudents
appreciat
ion
for the
disci
p l
ine.
Connect
ivi
ty The r efl
ecti
on Ther ef
lect
ion The r ef
lect
ion The
art
iculat
es art
iculat
es att
empt s to ref
lect
ion
multi
ple conn ect
ions art
iculat
e s does not
conn ect
ions between conne ct
ions art
icul
a te
between l
ea r
ning between any
l
e ar
ning experi
enc e l
earni
ng connec ti
ons
experiencea nd and c ontent experiencean d to other
content f rom fr
om other content f rom l
earni
ng
othercou rses. cours es. other c our
s es experi
e nce.
but the
conne ct
ion i s
unclear.

Gauge

Dir
ect
ion: Multipl
eCh oice .Encircl
ethel et
terofth ecorr
ecta nswer.
1.Whi
choft hef ol
lowingi sNOTabe li
efs y
stem?
A.Ib el
ieveI cant ou chthes ky.
B.Donotdount oot herswha tdoy ouwa ntothersunt
oy ou(Confuci
us)
C.“ Sima l
akasa tsiMa g anda”theF i
li
pinove rsi
onofCr eati
onstory
D.Th ewe stPh i
lipp i
nes eab elongst oFil
ipi
n oasa f
fi
rme db yan
a sa r
b i
trarytribun alinHa gue,Ne t
h er
lands.
2.Wor
ldvi
e wiss imilarto .
A. Be l
iefSys t
em
B.Op ini
on
C.Un ders t
an di
n got he r
s
D.Aa ndB
3.Whichoft hes tateme ntsbe stdes cr
ibesar el
igiousperson?
A.Ap er
s onwh oa l
wa ysg oestoc hurchonSu nday.
B.Ap er
s onwh os ee sGoda l
wa ysina l
lthi
n gs.
C.Ap er
s onwh oe xp eri
en ceen l
i
g ht
e nment.
14
 D.Ape rsonwhof eel
sthef orc eofnaturea ndbe c omeonewi thit
.
4.Iden t
ifyth es tateme ntthatd oe sNOTd e scr
ibeas p i
ri
tualperson.
A.Ap e r
s onwh oa l
wa ysg oe stoc hurchonSu nd ay.
B.Ap e r
sonwh ose esGoda l
wa ysina l
lthing s.
C.Ap e r
s onwh oe xperi
e ncee nli
ghten me nt
.
D.Ape rsonwhof eel
sthef orc eofnaturea ndbe c omeonewi thit
.
5.
Whi choft hef oll
owingwor ldviewsde scri
bet hebe l
i
e fofma nygods?
A.Mon oth ei
s m
B.Mo n i
s m
C.Ath eism
D.Po l
y t
h e i
sm
6.The sec a nbei nthef orm ofmus i
c,da nce,a r
c hi
te ct
uraldesi
gn,s cul
pture,
poe t
ry,dr ama ,a ndot hers.Ma nyoft hewor l
d-renowne da r
ti
sti
cwor kswe re
rel
igi
ous lyins pired.Wha te leme ntofr eligi
on c a n be refl
ectedfrom t he
stateme ntabov e ?
A.Ar t
isticEx pression
B.Commu nity
C.Ri t
u al
s
D.Wor l
dv i
ew
7.One oft hes t
a t
eme n t
sr eflectst heb eli
efsoft heF i
li
pinos before
Ch r
isti
an it
ywa si ntr
od uced?
A.An imis ti
c
B.Mon oth ei
s t
ic
C.Pol ythe i
sti
c
D. Alloft hea bove
8.Re li
g ionsh avec eremon iest hatre-enacts acreds tori
es,a ndv ar
ious
acti
vit
ie s,su cha sson gsa ndda ncesthatex pressp r
aiseort hanksgi
vingto
God ,god s ,
orar e ver
edt eacherorp rophet.Wh ateleme ntofreli
gioncanb e
ref
lectedf r
om t hestateme ntabove?
A. Spi r
it
ua lWorld
B. Sa c r
ed ness
C. Ritual
s
D. Sac r
edSt o r
ies
9.I
tisde fineda s“anorga ni
zedsy st
em ofbeli
e fs,
ceremonie s,
andrulesused
towors hipagodoragr oupofgods ”Me rr
iam-We bsterDict
ionary2014).
A. Re l
igi
on
B. Rituals
C. Wor ldvi
ew
D. Be l
iefSys t
em
10.Rel
ig ionist hee st
a bli
shme ntthroughhu ma na ct
ivi
tyofa na l
l
-emb r
ac i
ng
sacredor der,t
h atis,
ofas acr
edc os mostha twillbecapa bl
eofma i
ntai
n i
ng
i
tselfi
nt hee ver-
p r
esen tfaceofc haos.Wh og i
vet hestateme ntabove?
A.Pe terBerger
B.F .H. Brad l
ey
C.J ame sF r
azier
D.Emi l
eDu rkheim

15
 AnswerKey

Ref
erences

Mab aqui
aoJr.
,N.A.Pa
, n dayonSer
ies,I
ntr
od uct
iont
oWo rl
d
Rel
igi
onsa ndBel
iefSyst
ems( pp.5-17)
.Ph oeni
xPub l
i
s hi
ng
House.

Ong,J ,A.,Jo se,M.D.d l

.(
2016.I
) ntroduct
ion t
o worl
d
rel
igi
onsan db el
iefsy
stems.
(pp.2 -9)
.Gr egor
io Ar
anet
a
Avenue,QuezonCity
:Vi
balGr
oupInc.

16