WRITING TASK 2

1. Forming a sentence
- Thành phần câu
- Động từ: tense/ auxiliary verbs ( do/does; to be; have/has; modal verbs)
- Passive voice
- chủ ngữ: V-ing ( = noun)
- cụm danh từ; Subject and verb agreement

2. Developing a sentence
- Bổ ngữ: adj+ adv
- So sánh
- Compound/ complex sentence:
+ Mệnh đề danh từ
That/how/whether S+V + V(s)

(How parents behave) exerts great impacts on the development of their

children.

+ Mệnh đề quan hệ
+ MĐ trạng ngữ
+ Câu phức ghép

3. Paraphrasing a sentence

What is paraphrasing?

Eg: Reading books is necessary for children’s development.

 Reading books is crucial for the development of children. (thay từ)
 It is crucial for children to read books. (thay cấu trúc)
 It is believed that reading books is invaluable to the development of
children. ( thay từ+ cấu trúc)
a. Kỹ thuật viêt lại câu:
Bước 1: Đọc hiểu ý nghĩa câu
Bước 2: dùng synonyms
Bước 3: kết hợp các thủ thuật viết lại câu:
+ dùng synonyms
+ thay word class ( v=> n; n=> adj….)
+ dùng chủ ngữ giả
+ thêm bổ nghĩa
+ đổi cấu trúc câu

b. Practice
1. Employers should provide their emloyees with better salary
packages. ( đổi cấu trúc câu) – chủ động
 Employees should be provided with better salary packages. ( passive)
 Employees should receive better salary packages.
2. The government should support (v) local businesses. ( đổi loại từ)
 The government should be supportive to local businesses.
 The government should provide support (n) for local businesses.
 Supporting for local businesses is the government’s responsibility.
(V-ing => Noun)
Provide support for sb = cung cấp sự trợ giúp cho ai
 3. People need to protect the environment. ( dùng chủ ngữ giả)
 It is essential/crucial for people to preserve/save the environment.

+ Smoking should be restricted in public places.

 There should be restriction on smoking in public places.
+ Fast food should be taxed heavily.
 There should be heavy taxes on fast food. ( cấu trúc câu + cụm danh từ)

4. Learning through mistakes is key to a person’s development. ( thêm

thành phân bổ nghĩa/ thêm giải thích)

5. The government should support local businesses. ( thêm thành

phân bổ nghĩa).
 The government should support businesses that operate locally.

Many people say that exercise is key to health while others believe that a
balanced diet is more important.
 Physical activities/ physical training are/is believed to be the vital
factor/element in a healthy life.
 It is more necessary to have a proper eating habit.

Many people say that exercise is key to health while others believe that a
balanced diet is more important.
= Physical activities are believed to be the vital element in a healthy life while
others cling to that it is more necessary to have proper eating habit.

1. Children should obey the rules their parents and teachers set. ( chủ ngữ giả)
 It is necessary/crucial for children to obey the rules their parents and
teachers set.
It is /was + adj+ (for sb)+ to V
2. Government should spend money on measures to save languages that are
used by few speakers. (thêm mệnh đề bổ nghĩa)
 ( passive) : Money should be spent on measures to save minority
languages.
 chủ ngữ giả
3. Programs with violent content should be restricted.
 Passive
 Chủ ngữ giả (it)
 There
4. The environment is being seriously damaged by human activities.
 Passive
 Passive + đổi loại từ
5. The government should carry out new regulations to protect endangered
animals.
 Passive
 It
I. Bài tập cụm danh từ
Ex1
Ex 2:
II. Bài tập sự hoà hơp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ
III. Bài tập vê thành phần bổ nghĩa trong câu
IV. Bài tập về so sánh
Dịch các câu sau dựa vào từ cho sẵn
 1. Advertising, a vital part, modern businesses.
 Advertising plays a vital part of modern businesses.
2. History/ other theoretical subjects/ mandotary / schools/ along
with.
 History, along with other theoretical subjects, is mandotary in schools.
 Mandotary (adj)= compulsory
3. Nghệ thuật và văn hoá là các lĩnh vực đã thu hút đầu tư ngày càng
nhiều từ các nhà đầu tư trong và ngoài nước
 Art and culture are the fields that/which have attracted increasing
investment from both domestic and foreign investors.

4. The government/ the rehabilitation programs/ ex-criminals/

necessary working skills. ( dùng động từ khuyết thiếu đưa lời khuyên)

 The government should launch the rehabilitation programs for ex-criminals

to help them acquire some necessary working skills.
 Launch programs/ campaign

5. Number/ young people/fail/ maintain a work-life balance/ ever-

increasing. ( dùng mệnh đề quan hệ)
 The number of young people who fail/failing to maintain a work-life
balance has been ever-increasing.

6. Undergraduates/ time management skills/ leave university.

( dùng MĐ phụ chỉ thời gian với before)
 Undergraduates should enhance/ acquire their time management skills
before leaving universities.

7. Ha noi/polluted city/ Vietnam. ( dùng so sánh nhất)

 Hanoi is considered to be the most polluted city in Vietnam
 Hanoi has become the most polluted city in VN.

8. Increasing production/ consumer goods/ severe impacts/ the

environment.
  The increasing production of consumer goods has imposed severe/negative
impacts on the environment= has put the environment in peril= has
threatened the environment
 The environment= ecological balance/diversity.
9. People/ money/ future plans. ( dùng “so that” )
 People tend to save/ save a lot of money so that they can use it for future
plans.

10.University graduates/ unemployed/ nowadays/ the past. ( dùng so

sánh hơn)
 More and more university graduates has become unemployed nowadays
than in the past.

Dịch các câu sau sang Tiếng Anh

1. Từ khi chính phủ bắt đầu đưa công nghệ vào hệ thống giáo dục, công việc
của giáo viên đã trở nên dễ dàng hơn rất nhiều so với trước đây.
 Since the government started to apply/incorporate technology into
education systems, teachers’ work has become much easier than before.

2. Một trong những cách hiệu quả nhất để giảm mức độ ô nhiễm ở các thành
phố là di dời các nhà máy ra ngoài thành phố.
 One of the most effective/practical/feasible/forceful/powerful/efficient

ways to reduce the rate/level of pollution is to relocate factories out of

town.
 Fruitful= successful (adj)

3. Số lượng các cặp vợ chồng quyết định không sinh con đã tăng rõ rệt trong
thập kỉ vừa qua.
 The number of married couples/spouses who decide not to have children/
to stay childless has increased

significantly/considerably/remarkably/dramatically in the last decade(s).

married couple= spouse

stay childless= not have children
 4. Người ta càng dựa dẫm vào các trải nghiệm ảo càng khó cho họ để xử lý các
tình huống thực tế.
 The more people rely on virtual experience, the more difficult/ the harder it
is for them to deal with real-life situations/ hands-on experience.
 Virtual classrooms (zoom,gg meet) = distance learning= online learning
5. Nhiều người thành phố cân nhắc chuyển đến các khu vực ngoại thành vì họ
không muốn theo lối sống bận rộn.
 Many= A multitude of city dwellers moving to suburban areas because they
don’t want to follow/lead a hectic lifestyle.
 Lead a sedentary lifestyle >< active life/lifestyle.
6. So với nhiên liệu hoá thạch, năng lượng có thể tái tạo đáng tin cậy hơn và
có mức giá hợp lí hơn.
 Compared to/with fossil fuels, renewable energy sources are more reliable
and afforable.
7. Các phương tiện giao tiếp trên mạng, bao gồm các trang web mạng xã hội
và các diễn đàn, là cách rất tốt cho người học thu nạp kiến thức.
 Online means of communication, including/which includes social
networking sites and forums, are great/feasible/practical ways for
learners/people to acquire/gain knowledge.
 Means of communication/means of transportation…

PARAGRAPH
1.Topic sentence: Câu mở đoạn
-Ý chính + Nội dung ng viết sẽ triển khai trong
đoạn văn này.
Topic sentence: Cycling is beneficial to
people’s health.
( Ý chính: lợi ích của việc đạp xe)
2. Main ideas: (Point= P= luận điểm)
-Tốt cho sức khoẻ =P1 ; P1’= Là 1 cách thư giãn.
-Tiết kiêm tiền =P2 ; P2’ = Giúp bảo vệ mội
trường
3.Suppoting ideas (E = explanantion/ E=
example)

-thể dục -> đốt cháy calo-> keep fit+stay

healthy. = E1. P1’=Là 1 cách thư giãn.
- ko mất tiền mua fossil fuels; sạc điện = E2.
Moreover, P2’= để bảo vệ môi trường.

Paragraph: Topic sentence. P-E-E (1). P-E-E (2).

Supporting ideas = câu triển khai ý (E)

- Lí do
- Sự thật
- So sánh
- Ví dụ
- Kết quả (câu summarise ý của đoạn)

PRACTICE
 I. Câu chủ đề = Topic sentence

The tradition of families getting together to eat

meals is disappearing. What are the reasons?

-Chủ đề chung là gì?: sự biến mất của các bữa

ăn gđ truyền thống
-Ý tưởng trung tâm: trả lời câu hỏi nêu trong
bài: lí do.

=> TP= Members in modern families have had

fewers meals together for several reasons.
P1= lí do1
P2= lí do2

1. Nowadays, some employers think that formal academic

 qualifications are more important than life experience or
personal qualities when they look for new employees. Is it a
positive or negative development?

Chủ đề chung là gì?: nhà tuyển dung có xu

hướng đề cao với bằng cấp hơn kinh nghiệm+
phẩm chất cá nhân.
Ý tưởng trung tâm: tích cực/ tiêu cực
 Topic sentence: The emphasis on
formal/ academic degrees amongst
recruiters will exert some positive effects on
society as a whole. ( Đoạn 1)
P1-E1-E1
P2-E2-E2

2. Some people believe that it is more important to teach children the

literature of their own country than other countries. Do you agree
or disagree?
-Chủ đề chung là gì?:văn học trong nước thì
qtrong hơn nc khác
-Ý tưởng trung tâm: đồng ý/ không đông ý.
=> Topic sentence: On the one hand,locally
written works come with/ bring/ present
numerous benefits to learners.
 ( Đoạn văn này chuẩn bị nói về lợi ích của
viêc dạy tp văn học trong nước)
3. The best way to ensure the growth of children is to make parents
take parenting courses. Do you agree or disagree?
-Chủ đề chung là gì?: cha mẹ cần tham gia
khoá học parenting courses để gd con.
-Ý tưởng trung tâm: đồng ý/ không đồng ý.

 Parenting courses could come with

numerous benefits to parents in terms of
raising their children.

Homework:
1. People say that reading for pleasure helps people to develop
imagination and better language skills than watch TV. To what
 extent do you agree or disagree?

-Chủ đề chung là gì?: TV ko có ích cho

imagination+ language skills / Đọc sách tốt
-Ý tưởng trung tâm: đồng ý
=> Topic sentence: Watching TV does little
to enhance people’s
imagination/creativeness and language
development/ linguistic skills (because of
some reasons). ( Tác hại của TV-chứng minh
nó ko tốt)

2. Advertising are becoming more and more common in everyday life.

Some people say that advertising has a positive impact on our lives.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

-Chủ đề chung là gì?:Quảng cáo có lợi cho

 daily life.
-Ý tưởng trung tâm: đồng ý
-TOPIC SENTENCE: Widespread advertising
has been beneficial to human’s lives.
Widespread advertising is of benefit
to/great value to/importance to human’s
daily life.
-to be of + N = there is

3. International tourism has brought enormous benefit to many places.

At the same time, there is concern about its impact on local
inhabitants and the environment. Do the disadvantages of
international tourism outweigh the advantages?
 -Chủ đề chung là gì: Lợi ích+ bất lợi của
international tourism. Cái nào nhiều hơn
-Ý tương trung tâm: Không. Lợi ich thì nh
hơn.
TOPIC SENTENCE: Tourism between nations
could be of great value to people’s lives.
2. Câu phát triển ý:

a.lí do:
-because/since/as + Clause
-thanks to/owing to/ by dint of /due to
-This stems from + N/NP.

Thanks to the availability of the Internet, many

students can access to tertiary education
remotely.
b.Sự thật: làm rõ vấn đề bằng trải nghiệm/thưc
tế
With a device connected to the Internet, a
person can attend virtual classrooms actively
instead of having to travel a long way to school.

In fact, S+V
As a matter of fact, S+V

c.Ví dụ: giúp ng đọc hình dung rõ hơn cái lập

luận của mình.

Busy/ other things to take care of, such as their

career and their social relationships.

Such as + N
for example/ for instance, S+V
=Take Sth as a telling example, S+V
=to be a good case in point
Take Hoi An as an example= Hoi An is a good
case in point.
P1= One solution to air pollution is filtering the
air to remove pollutants. E1a=Take Singapore
as a telling example/ Singapore is a good case
in point. The government has successfully
deveoped an industrial air purifier system
which takes in smokes and toxic fumes from
factories, and later releases filtered, fresh air
into the atmosphere. E1b= Thanks to this
process, local people/Singaporean can enjoy
clean air while industrial activities can be still
remained.

 Point- Example-Explanation

d.Kết quả: chứng minh lập luận là đúng = cach

kết lại.

Therefore, Hence, Thus, S+V

As a result/consequence of, S+V
…, which results in/leads to
Thanks to this, S+V

e.So sánh: cho thấy sự tương đồng và khác

biệt.
While/whereas S+V,
Compared to/with N, S+V

f.Giả thuyết: đưa ra giả sử/giả định để thấy

tầm quan trọng đối tượng/giải pháp.

Academic qualifications play a crucial role in

gaining a good job. Without such
qualifications, an employee cannot get the
employers’ interest/ attention/ favour.

If…
Without/ With + N, S+ V
Unless…

Sắp xếp các câu sau thành một đoạn văn hoàn chỉnh, sau đó chỉ rõ vai
trò và liên kết của các câu trong đoạn văn.
(1) This can make children more prone to many health problems, such as
obesity or cardiovascular diseases when they grow older(2) Firstly, spending
too much me on computer games without doing any physical exercise will
reduce children’s calorie expenditure as they only sit at home and play
games. (3) From my perspective, computer games can have many detrimental
effects on children. ( TOPIC SENTENCE)

(4) As a result, it can be very difficult for game-addicted children to develop

the ability to establish connections with others in real life, which are normally
developed through participation in team sports, like football or basketball.(5)
Secondly, playing games excessively also causes children to lose their
communication skills.

3) From my perspective, computer games can have many detrimental effects

on children. (TOPIC SENTENCE). 2) Firstly, spending too much me on
computer games without doing any physical exercise will reduce children’s
calorie expenditure as they only sit at home and play games. (Point 1). (1)
This can make children more prone to many health problems, such as obesity
or cardiovascular diseases when they grow older. (Explanation). (5)
Secondly, playing games excessively also causes children to lose their
communication skills (Point 2). (4) As a result, it can be very difficult for
game-addicted children to develop the ability to establish connections with
others in real life, which are normally developed through participation in
team sports, like football or basketball. (Explanation 2).

Topic sentence. Main idea (P) –Supporting ideas (E). Main idea 2 (P)-
Supporting ideas (E)

Intro:
-Giới thiệu chủ đề.
-Nêu quan điểm đối lập+ Trả lời câu hỏi.
Body:

+Body 1:

Topic sentence. Main idea (P) –Supporting ideas (E). Main idea 2 (P)-
Supporting ideas (E)

+Body 2:

Topic sentence. Main idea (P) –Supporting ideas (E). Main idea 2 (P)-
Supporting ideas (E).

Conclusion:

-Tóm lại ý (body 1+2)

-Khẳng định lại câu trả lời.

Phân tích bài mẫu

Task: The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural
environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem?

Nowadays, as more consumer goods are manufactured, more damage has been inflicted to the
environment. I will outline several reasons for this and put forward some measures to this issue.

First of all, the increase in the production of consumer products harms the environment in two
ways: the chemical by-products from the manufacturing process and the mass production of
disposable goods. As more goods are produced, more toxic wastes and emissions are released
from factories into nature. Water sources are contaminated, and the air is severely polluted,
which results in the deaths of many marine and terrestrial animals. Also, to accommodate
customers’ ever-increasing demands, more single-use products are introduced, most of which are
non-biodegradable. Though having a short lifespan, these products can remain as wastes for
thousands of years, turning our planet into a huge landfill and posing a threat to the living
habitats of all creatures.

Actions must be taken as soon as possible to minimize the negative impacts on environment
arising from the increasing amount of consumer goods. First, companies should promote the use
of eco-friendlier materials. For example, the giant coffee chain Starbucks has recently replaced
plastic straws with reusable alternatives made of materials like paper or bamboo. In addition,
many governments are also encouraging the development of more sustainable manufacturing
processes. For instance, many states in the U.S offer tax breaks and incentives for businesses
using renewable energy, and some firms are even allowed to purchase green energy at cheaper
prices than traditional fossil fuels.

In conclusion, there are two main reasons why the environment is severely impacted by the
increase in production of consumer goods. To address this issue, governments and companies
must join hands to make the production lines more environmentally friendly by switching to
greener materials.