1.

Read the text quickly and sign the difficult words

Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication,
there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture,
signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of
communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to
what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic
function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts
attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit.
Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—
short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the
codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey
information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the
meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the
meaning of barber.

            Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of
their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures,
applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other
cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the
performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture
messages.

            Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major
disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the
sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction
comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long
distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the
telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one
doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.

2. Make a list of new vocabulary with their meaning

Speech :Pidato
Advanced : Terdepan
Gesture : Gerak isyarat
Impinge : mengenai
Dashed : Menghancurkan
Difficult : Sulit
Convey : Menyampaikan
Hexagonal : Segi enam
Approval : Izin
Unison : Serempak
3.   Reread the text and answer the questions given
1.         Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
            A.  Signs and Signals                          C.  Communication
            B.  Gestures                                         D.  Speech
 
2.         What does the author say about speech?
            A.  It is the only true form of communication
            B.  It is dependent upon the advances made by inventors
            C.  It is necessary for communication to occur
            D.  It is the most advanced form of communication
 
3.         The phrase impinge upon in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
            A.  intrude                                           C.  vary
            B.  improve                                         D.  prohibit
 
4.         The word it in paragraph 1 refers to
            A.  function                                        C.  environment
            B.  signal                                             D.  way
 
5.         The word potential in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by
            A.  range                                             C.  organization
            B.  advantage                                      D.  possibility
 
6.         The word intricate in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by which of the following?
            A.  inefficient                                       C.  historical
            B.  complicated                                   D.  uncertain
 
7.         Applauding was cited as an example of
            A.  a signal                                          C.  a symbol
            B.  a sign                                             D.  a gesture
  
8.         Why were the telephone, radio, and TV invented?
            A.  People were unable to understand signs, symbols, and signals
            B.  People wanted to communicate across long distance         
            C.  People believed that signs, signals, and symbols were obsolete
            D.  People wanted new forms of entertainment

4. Translate the passage into the Indonesian language

Meskipun ucapan secara umum diterima sebagai bentuk komunikasi yang paling
maju, ada banyak cara berkomunikasi tanpa menggunakan kata-kata. Dalam setiap
budaya yang dikenal, sinyal, tanda, simbol, dan gerak tubuh biasanya digunakan sebagai
alat komunikasi. Ada banyak kesepakatan di antara para ilmuwan komunikasi tentang apa
masing-masing metode ini dan bagaimana masing-masing berbeda dari yang lain.
Misalnya, fungsi dasar dari sinyal apa pun adalah untuk mempengaruhi lingkungan
sedemikian rupa sehingga menarik perhatian, seperti, misalnya, titik dan garis yang dapat
diterapkan dalam sirkuit telegraf. Dikodekan untuk merujuk pada ucapan, potensi
komunikasi melalui titik dan garis ini — interval pendek dan panjang saat sirkuit terputus
— sangat besar. Kurang bisa beradaptasi dengan kodifikasi kata, tanda juga mengandung
makna yang disepakati; artinya, mereka menyampaikan informasi dalam dan tentang diri
mereka sendiri. Dua contohnya adalah tanda merah heksagonal yang menyampaikan arti
berhenti, dan tiang melingkar merah dan putih di luar toko yang mengkomunikasikan arti
tukang cukur.

Simbol lebih sulit untuk dijelaskan daripada sinyal atau tanda karena
hubungannya yang rumit dengan persepsi budaya penerima. Dalam beberapa budaya,
bertepuk tangan di teater memberi pemain simbol persetujuan pendengaran. Dalam
budaya lain, jika dilakukan secara serempak, tepuk tangan bisa menjadi simbol
ketidakpuasan penonton dengan pertunjukan. Gerakan seperti menenun dan berjabat
tangan juga mengkomunikasikan pesan budaya tertentu.

Meskipun sinyal, tanda, simbol, dan gerak tubuh sangat berguna, mereka juga
memiliki kerugian besar dalam komunikasi. Mereka biasanya tidak mengizinkan ide
untuk dibagikan tanpa pengirim yang berbatasan langsung dengan penerima. Tanpa
pertukaran ide, interaksi terhenti. Akibatnya, alat komunikasi yang dimaksudkan untuk
digunakan dalam jarak jauh dan waktu yang lama harus didasarkan pada ucapan. Untuk
radio, televisi, dan telepon, seseorang harus menambahkan faks, sistem paging, surat
elektronik, dan internet, dan tidak ada yang meragukan selain bahwa ada lebih banyak
sarana komunikasi di depan mata.
5. Read the text again and write the ideas of each paragraph
Paragraph 1: There are ways to communicate without using words, such as using
gestures, gestures, signs, and symbols. There are actually many ways that are used for
communication around the world

Paragraph 2 : Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because
of their intricate relationship with the receiver's culture perceptions.

Paragraph 3: Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are useful, there is a major
disadvantage in communication. Without proper interaction via long distance
communication, the exchange of ideas and interactions can come to a halt.

6.   Make a summary of the passage

People wanted to communicate around long distance and now because the advance of the
technology people from using coding, dots and dashes also short and long intervals
people are now able to use telephone, radio, and TV. However there are also a
disadvantage where the gestures, and symbol might be perceived otherwise to the other
receiver across different perception on different cultures.