ddxddx

Used to represent derivatives and integrals. Sometimes you will

find this in science textbooks as well for small changes, but it
should be avoided. Use δδinstead.

ΔΔ
Used to talk about change in a certain variable. This change is
generally finite.
Example: The time interval for the event ΔtΔt is 3 seconds.

δδ
Used to talk about infinitesimal change in a variable.
However, ΔΔ is also frequently used for this purpose.
Example: consider a length δlδl of the rod.

∂∂x∂∂x
Used when you want to talk about partial derivatives, where you
want to signify that x is not the only independent variable.
Example: For a cylinder of volume V given by V=πr2hV=πr2h,
the rate of change of volume with respect to radius represented
as ∂V∂r=2πrh∂V∂r=2πrh

When you want to talk about a change in any variable, and

intend to integrate over it, using d instead of δδ is not terribly
wrong; in fact, many non-math books are not that rigorous.
 Δx is about a secant line, a line between two points
representing the rate of change between those two points.
That's a "differential" (between the two points).
dx is about a tangent line to one point, representing an
instantaneous rate of change. That makes it a "derivative."
δx is about a tangent line to a partial derivative. That's a rate of
change or derivative in one direction, holding a number of
other directions constant

ΔxΔx, is used when you are referring to "large" changes, e.g. the
change from 5 to 9. ∂x∂x is used to denote partial derivative
when you have a multivariate function (e.g. one with x,y,w,
instead of just x alone). dxdx is used to denote the derivative
when you have a univariate function (when you just have x and
there is no confusion).

The term differential is used in calculus to refer to

an infinitesimal (infinitely small) change in some varying
quantity. For example, if x is a variable, then a change in the
value of x is often denoted Δx (pronounced delta x). The
differential dx represents an infinitely small change in the
variable x. The idea of an infinitely small or infinitely slow
change is extremely useful intuitively, and there are a number of
ways to make the notion mathematically precise.
Using calculus, it is possible to relate the infinitely small
changes of various variables to each other mathematically
using derivatives. If y is a function of x, then the differential
dy of y is related to dx by the formula

where dy/dx denotes the derivative of y with respect to x. This

formula summarizes the intuitive idea that the derivative
of y with respect to x is the limit of the ratio of differences
Δy/Δx as Δx becomes infinitesimal.
There are several approaches for making the notion of
differentials mathematically precise.
1. Differentials as linear maps. This approach underlies the
definition of the derivative and the exterior
derivative in differential geometry.[1]
2. Differentials as nilpotent elements of commutative rings.
This approach is popular in algebraic geometry.[2]
3. Differentials in smooth models of set theory. This
approach is known as synthetic differential
geometry or smooth infinitesimal analysis and is closely
related to the algebraic geometric approach, except that
ideas from topos theory are used to hide the mechanisms
by which nilpotent infinitesimals are introduced.[3]
4. Differentials as infinitesimals in hyperreal
number systems, which are extensions of the real numbers
that contain invertible infinitesimals and infinitely large
numbers. This is the approach of nonstandard
analysis pioneered by Abraham Robinson.[4]
These approaches are very different from each other, but they
have in common the idea to be quantitative, i.e., to say not just
that a differential is infinitely small, but how small it is.

The derivative of a function of a real variable measures the

sensitivity to change of the function value (output value) with
respect to a change in its argument (input value). Derivatives are
a fundamental tool of calculus. For example, the derivative of
the position of a moving object with respect to time is the
object's velocity: this measures how quickly the position of the
object changes when time advances.
The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen
input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to
the graph of the function at that point. The tangent line is the
best linear approximation of the function near that input value.
For this reason, the derivative is often described as the
"instantaneous rate of change", the ratio of the instantaneous
change in the dependent variable to that of the independent
variable.
Derivatives may be generalized to functions of several real
variables. In this generalization, the derivative is reinterpreted as
a linear transformation whose graph is (after an appropriate
translation) the best linear approximation to the graph of the
original function. The Jacobian matrix is the matrix that
represents this linear transformation with respect to the basis
given by the choice of independent and dependent variables. It
can be calculated in terms of the partial derivatives with respect
to the independent variables. For a real-valued function of
several variables, the Jacobian matrix reduces to the gradient
vector.
The process of finding a derivative is called differentiation.
The reverse process is called antidifferentiation.
The fundamental theorem of calculus states that
antidifferentiation is the same as integration. Differentiation and
integration constitute the two fundamental operations in single-
variable calculus

I think they mean the following:

∂∂ symbol refers to a partial derivative. It is used in
multivariate calculus, when you have more than one variable.
As an example, when having a function f=f(x,y)f=f(x,y) the
partial derivative of ff with respect to one of its variables is
noted by
∂f∂xor∂f∂y∂f∂xor∂f∂y
dd symbol, refers to a total derivative. It is used almost
everywhere. For example the internal energy uu can be
expressed as a total derivative as a function of the variables on
which it depends: the entropy and the density as follows
du=∂u∂s∣∣∣ρds+∂u∂ρ∣∣∣sdρdu=∂u∂s|ρds+∂u∂ρ|sdρ
the general way to say this, compactly is
dF(x)=gradF(x)⋅dxdF(x)=gradF(x)⋅dx
δδ symbol mostly refers to a inexact differential, that depends
for example on the path of integration
δW=−p(V,T)dVδW=−p(V,T)dV
or if the applied force is conservative, or the expansion
process isobaric
dW=−mgdzdW=−pdVdW=−mgdzdW=−pdV
the inexatc differential turns into an exact one.
ΔΔ symbol usually refers to a macroscopic change (contrary to
differential), for example
ΔU=∫U2U1dU
ΔxΔx is about a secant line, a line between two points
representing the rate of change between those two points. That's
a "differential" (between the two points).
dxdx is about a tangent line to one point, representing an
instantaneous rate of change. That makes it a "derivative."
δxδx is about a tangent line to a partial derivative. That's a rate
of change or derivative in one direction, holding a number of
other directions constant.
∂x∂x is used to denote partial derivative when you have a
multivariate function (e.g. one with x,y,wx,y,w, instead of
just xx alone).

dx is the infinitesimal change in x. Delta x means a bigger

change in x, in the sense the change in x over an interval. It is
the difference between two values of x. dx is also the difference
between x+dx and x but is so small , or you can say it is as small
as you can imagine