Tropopause temperature differences

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Participant: MARTIN, MARTIN
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Licence: FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER
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Examination: 050 METEOROLOGY
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1 The tropopause is a level at which
pressure remains constant
vertical currents are strongest
water vapour content is greatest
temperature ceases to fall with increasing height
Origin ID: 523 Maximum attainable 1.00

Theme 50.1.1.1 Composition, extent, vertical division Reached points 1.00
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2 Which is true of the temperature at the tropopause?
It is higher in equatorial regions than in polar regions
There is no significant difference with change of latitude
It is higher in polar regions than in equatorial regions
It is highest in mid-latitudes

Theme 50.1.2.1 Vertical distribution of temperature Reached points 0.00
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3 For both saturated and unsaturated air instability will occur when the
environmental lapse rate is greater than saturated adiabatic lapse rate but less
than dry adiabatic lapse rate
environmental lapse rate is greater than both dry adiabatic lapse rate and
saturated adiabatic lapse rate
environmental lapse rate is less than both dry adiabatic lapse rate and saturated
adiabatic lapse rate
dry adiabatic lapse rate is less than saturated adiabatic lapse rate but greater than
environmental lapse rate

Theme 50.1.2.3 Lapse rate, stability and instability Reached points 1.00
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4 Surface-based temperature inversions are common during
cloudy days in winter when the ground is wet
cloudy days in summer when the ground is wet
cloud-free nights in winter when the ground is dry
cloud-free days in summer when the ground is dry

Theme 50.1.2.5 Temp. near the earth's surface, surface eff. Reached points 1.00
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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
5 Isobars on a surface chart are lines of equal
QFE
QNH
QFF
QNE

Theme 50.1.3.1 Barometric pressure, isobars Reached points 1.00
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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
6 The QNH at an airfield in California located 69 metres below sea level is 1018 hPa. The
air temperature is 10°C higher than a standard atmosphere. What is the QFF?
It is not possible to give a definitive answer
1018 hPa
Less than 1018 hPa
More than 1018 hPa

Theme 50.1.3.3 Reduction of pressure to mean sea level Reached points 1.00
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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
7 Under what condition does pressure altitude have the same value as density altitude ?
At standard temperature.
When the altimeter setting is 1013.2 hPa.
When the altimeter has no position error.
At sea level when the temperature is 0°C.

Theme 50.1.4.1 Interrelationship of pressure, temp. Reached points 1.00
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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
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8 You are flying at FL 200. Outside air temperature is -40°C, and the pressure at sea level
is 1033 hPa. What is the true altitude?
20660 feet
21740 feet
18260 feet
19340 feet

Theme 50.1.6.1 Pressure altitude, density altitude, true alt. Reached points 0.00
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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
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9 An aircraft is flying over the Alps on a warm summer's day. The weather is fine, and
there is a high pressure system in the area. During the flight, a mountain is passed at
an altitude of its summit. What reading will the aneroid altimeter give, compared to the
summit's elevation?
There is insufficient information to come to a conclusion
A lower altitude than the elevation of the summit
The same altitude as the elevation of the summit
A higher altitude than the elevation of the summit

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10
An aircraft is flying from Point A to Point B on the upper level contour chart. The
altimeter setting is 1013.2 hPa. Which of these statements is correct?
Wind speed at B is higher than at A
The true altitude will be higher at B than at A
Wind speed at Madrid is higher than at A
The true altitude will be higher at A than at B

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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
11 An aircraft maintains a constant indicated altitude of 6500 FT from A (600 FT/AMSL -

QNH 1012 hPa) to B (930 FT/AMSL - QNH 977 hPa). Assuming that the altimeter
subscale setting remains unchanged at 1012 hPa, the height of the aircraft above the
surface at B will be
5225 FT
5555 FT
6515 FT
4625 FT

Theme 50.1.6.2 Height, altitude, flight level Reached points 1.00
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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
12 An aircraft lands at an airport (airport elevation 1240 FT, QNH 1008 hPa). The altimeter
is set to 1013 hPa. The altimeter will indicate:
1200 FT.
1375 FT.
1280 FT.
1105 FT.

Theme 50.1.6.3 altimeter settings Reached points 0.00
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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
13 After landing at an aerodrome (aerodrome elevation 1715 FT), the altimeter indicates
an altitude of 1310 FT. The altimeter is set to the pressure value of 1013 hPa. What is
the QNH at this aerodrome?
1015 hPa.
1013 hPa.
998 hPa.
1028 hPa.

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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
14 An aircraft is flying at FL 80. The local QNH is 1000 hPa. After the second altimeter has
been adjusted to the local QNH, the reading will be approximately
8350 FT.
8000 FT.
7650 FT.
8600 FT.

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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
15 The wind speed in a system with curved isobars compared to a system with straight
isobars is (other conditions being the same)
higher if curvature is cyclonic
higher if curvature is anticyclonic
always lower
always higher

Theme 50.2.2.1 Primary cause of wind, pressure gradient, Reached points 1.00
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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
16 When isobars, for an area in the mid-latitudes on a weather map, are close together,
the wind is most likely to be
light
changing direction rapidly
blowing perpendicular to the isobars
strong

Theme 50.2.2.2 Relationship between isobars and wind Reached points 1.00
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A .c o
B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
17 In an area of converging air
clouds can not be formed
stratified clouds can be dissolved
convective clouds can be dissolved
clouds can be formed

Theme 50.2.2.3 Effects of convergence and divergence Reached points 1.00
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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
18 Between which latitudes are you most likely to find the region of travelling low
pressure systems during summer?
15° - 25°
25° - 45°
45° - 70°
10° - 15°

Theme 50.2.3.1 General circulation around the globe Reached points 0.00
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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
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19 An aircraft over Western Europe is crossing a jet stream 2500 FT below its core at
right angles. While crossing, the outside temperature is increasing. The prevailing
wind is
from the right
from the left.
headwind.
tailwind.

Theme 50.2.7.2 Description and location of jet streams Reached points 0.00
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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
20 In which of the following changes of state is latent heat released ?
Solid to liquid
Liquid to gas
Gas to liquid
Solid to gas

Theme 50.3.2.1 Condensation, evaporation, sublimation, Reached points 0.00
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A .c o
B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
21 How are high level condensation trails formed that are to be found occasionally
behind jet aircraft ?
Only through unburnt fuel in the exhaust gases
Through a decrease in pressure, and the associated adiabatic drop in temperature

at the wing tips while flying through relatively warm but humid air
In conditions of low humidity, through the particles of soot contained in the

exhaust gases
Through water vapour released during fuel combustion

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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
22 Supercooled droplets can be encountered
in winter only in high clouds
only in winter above 10000 FT
at any time of the year
only in winter at high altitude

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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
23 A layer in which the temperature decreases with 1°C per 100m increasing altitude is
absolutely unstable
absolutely stable
neutral for dry air
conditionally unstable

Theme 50.3.3.1 Adiabatic processes Reached points 0.00
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A B B Y Y.c
24 050-001.jpg
Which one of the displayed cloud forms is representative of altocumulus castellanus?
2.
1.
4.
3.

Theme 50.4.1.2 Cloud types, cloud classification Reached points 1.00
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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
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25 Altostratus clouds are classified as
low level clouds
high level clouds
convective clouds
medium level clouds

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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
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26 The presence of altocumulus castellanus indicates
stability in the higher troposphere
instability in the middle troposphere
subsidence in a large part of the troposphere
strong convection at low height

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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
27 What flying conditions are normally encountered when flying in cirrus clouds?
Average horizontal visibility more than 1000 m; nil icing.
Average horizontal visibility more than 1000 m; light to moderate rime ice.
Average horizontal visibility less than 500 m; light to moderate icing.
Average horizontal visibility less than 500 m; nil icing.

Theme 50.4.1.4 Flying conditions in each cloud type Reached points 0.00
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28
The cloud type most applicable to square 2D is
CS
CU
AS
CB

Theme 50.6.2.2 Warm front, associated clouds & weather Reached points 1.00
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29
What change in pressure, will occur at point A, during the next hour?
Irregular fluctuations
A drop in pressure
A rise in pressure
Approximately constant pressure

Theme 50.6.2.3 Cold front, associated clouds and weather Reached points 0.00
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30 Where is the coldest air to be found, in an occlusion with cold front characteristics?
At the junction of the occlusion.
Behind the front.
At the surface position of the front.
Ahead of the front.

Theme 50.6.2.6 Occlusions, associated clouds and weather Reached points 0.00
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31 For an airfield located in the British Isles, the passage of a warm front will usually be
indicated by
rapid improvement in visibility, pressure falling rapidly, wind veering and

increasing
rise in temperature, rise in dew point temperature, wind veers and decreases
a fall in temperature, rise in dew point temperature, wind backing and decreasing
rise in temperature, rapid rise in pressure, wind backs and becomes gusty

Theme 50.6.2.8 Movement of fronts and pressure syst. Reached points 1.00
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32 What is encountered during the summer, over land, in the centre of a cold air pool?
Fine weather CU.
Showers and thunderstorms.
Strong westerly winds.
Sky clear (SKC).

Theme 50.7.3.1 Thermal-, orographic- and sec. depress. Reached points 1.00
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33
Considering the route indicated from Lisbon to Freetown, the Harmattan is a
SW monsoonal wind causing extensive areas of advection fog along the West
African coast south of 15°N.
localised depression giving squally winds.
NE wind affecting north-west Africa during November to April reducing visibility in

rising dust.
warm southerly dust-bearing wind affecting the coast of North Africa.

Theme 50.8.4.1 Local seasonal weather and wind- Reached points 1.00
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A .c o
B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
34 On the approach, the surface temperature is given as -5°C. The freezing level is at 3000
FT/AGL. At 4000 FT/AGL, there is a solid cloud layer from which rain is falling.
According to the weather briefing, the clouds are due to an inversion caused by warm
air sliding up and over an inclined front. Would you expect icing?
No, flights clear of cloud experience no icing.
No, absolutely no icing will occur.
Yes, but only between 3000 and 4000 FT/AGL.
Yes, between ground level and 3000 FT/AGL.

Theme 50.9.1.1 Weather conditions ice accretion, topogr. Reached points 0.00
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A .c o
B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
35 In which of the following situations is an aircraft most susceptible to icing ?
Flying in dense cirrus clouds.
Level flight in snowfall below a nimbostratus layer.
Level flight below a rain producing cloud when OAT is below zero degrees C.
Flying in heavy drizzle.

Theme 50.9.1.1 Weather conditions ice accretion, topogr. Reached points 0.00
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A .c o
B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
36 Clear ice is formed when supercooled droplets are
large and at a temperature just below freezing
of any size at temperatures below -35°C.
small and at a temperature just below freezing
small and freeze rapidly

Theme 50.9.1.2 Types of ice accretion Reached points 1.00
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B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
37 In addition to a lifting action, what are two other requirements necessary for
thunderstorm formation ?
Unstable conditions and high moisture content
Stable conditions and high moisture content
Stable conditions and low atmospheric pressure
Unstable conditions and high atmospheric pressure

Theme 50.9.4.2 Conditions for and process of development, Reached points 1.00
PD rm PD rm
Y Y
Y
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w m w om
w
w
w.
Date
A .c o
B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
38 Which constant pressure altitude chart is standard for FL 100?
850 hPa
300 hPa
500 hPa
700 hPa

Theme 50.10.2.3 Upper air charts Reached points 1.00
PD rm PD rm
Y Y
Y
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w m w om
w
w
w.
Date
A .c o
B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
39 TAF HKNW 030415 Z 0515 24005 KT 8000 DZRA BKN004 OVC080 TEMPO 0608 6000M
BKN010 +RA GRADU 1012 15010 KT 9999 SCT006 BKN020 RAPID 1415 22010 G 25 KT
5000M +TSSH BKN009 CB
The forecast weather at 0730 Z is
No forecast is given for 0700 Z.
Heavy rain.
Additional light rain.
Drizzle and rain.

Theme 50.10.3.1 Aeronautical codes:METAR, TAF, SPECI, SIGMET, SNOW
Reached points 0.00
PD rm PD rm
Y Y
Y
Y
er
er
ABB
ABB
y
y
bu
bu
2.0
2.0
to
to
re
re
he
he
k
k
lic
lic
C
C
w m w om
w
w
w.
Date
A .c o
B B Y Y3 3/3/2013 w.
A B B Y Y.c
40 What is a trend forecast?
A route forecast valid for 24 hours
An aerodrome forecast valid for 9 hours
A routine report
A landing forecast appended to METAR/SPECI, valid for 2 hours

Theme 50.10.3.1 Aeronautical codes:METAR, TAF, SPECI, SIGMET, SNOW
Reached points 0.00

Tropopause temperature differences

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Tropopause temperature differences

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F T ra n sf o F T ra n sf o

1 The tropopause is a level at which

pressure remains constant

vertical currents are strongest

water vapour content is greatest

temperature ceases to fall with increasing height

Origin ID: 523 Maximum attainable 1.00

2 Which is true of the temperature at the tropopause?

It is higher in equatorial regions than in polar regions

There is no significant difference with change of latitude

It is higher in polar regions than in equatorial regions

Origin ID: 789 Maximum attainable 1.00

Origin ID: 793 Maximum attainable 1.00

4 Surface-based temperature inversions are common during

cloudy days in winter when the ground is wet

cloudy days in summer when the ground is wet

cloud-free nights in winter when the ground is dry

cloud-free days in summer when the ground is dry

Origin ID: 795 Maximum attainable 1.00

5 Isobars on a surface chart are lines of equal

Origin ID: 713 Maximum attainable 1.00

It is not possible to give a definitive answer

Less than 1018 hPa

More than 1018 hPa

Origin ID: 347 Maximum attainable 1.00

When the altimeter setting is 1013.2 hPa.

When the altimeter has no position error.

At sea level when the temperature is 0°C.

Origin ID: 6 Maximum attainable 1.00

Origin ID: 163 Maximum attainable 1.00

There is insufficient information to come to a conclusion

A lower altitude than the elevation of the summit

The same altitude as the elevation of the summit

A higher altitude than the elevation of the summit

Origin ID: 364 Maximum attainable 1.00

Wind speed at B is higher than at A

The true altitude will be higher at B than at A

Wind speed at Madrid is higher than at A

The true altitude will be higher at A than at B

Origin ID: 161 Maximum attainable 1.00

11 An aircraft maintains a constant indicated altitude of 6500 FT from A (600 FT/AMSL -

Origin ID: 883 Maximum attainable 1.00

Origin ID: 228 Maximum attainable 1.00

Origin ID: 233 Maximum attainable 1.00

Origin ID: 505 Maximum attainable 1.00

higher if curvature is cyclonic

higher if curvature is anticyclonic

Origin ID: 592 Maximum attainable 1.00

changing direction rapidly

blowing perpendicular to the isobars

Origin ID: 578 Maximum attainable 1.00

17 In an area of converging air

clouds can not be formed

stratified clouds can be dissolved

convective clouds can be dissolved

clouds can be formed

Origin ID: 586 Maximum attainable 1.00

Origin ID: 389 Maximum attainable 1.00

from the right

from the left.

Origin ID: 249 Maximum attainable 1.00

20 In which of the following changes of state is latent heat released ?

Origin ID: 144 Maximum attainable 1.00

Only through unburnt fuel in the exhaust gases

Through a decrease in pressure, and the associated adiabatic drop in temperature

In conditions of low humidity, through the particles of soot contained in the