G ood

m or ning
 Relations Between the Roots
and Coefficient of a Quadratic
Equation

Objectives:
1.determine the sum and product of the roots; and
2.find the quadratic equation using the relationship
between the coefficients and the roots
 –
The radicand 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 in the quadratic formula is
called the 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡.
Radical symbol

−𝑏 ± 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 Radicand/
𝑥= Discriminant
2𝑎
 –
Given the quadratic equation in the form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎,
where 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄 are real numbers and 𝒂 ≠ 𝟎, we can determine
the number and type of solutions by evaluating the
discriminant, 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄.

and perfect square, then there are two real,

rational, & unequal roots.
>0 and not perfect square, then there are two real,
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = irrational, & unequal roots.
then the roots are real, rational, & equal (one
=0 solution).
<0 then the roots are non-real or imaginary.
 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0
Example: 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 = 0

Identify the value of a, b, and c

a =1, b = -10, c = 25
Substitute these values in the expression
𝑏2−4𝑎𝑐 = (-10)2 – 4(1)(25)
= 100 – 100
=0

Since the value of 𝑏2−4𝑎𝑐 is equal to zero, then we can say that the
roots of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 = 0 are real numbers,
rational and are equal
 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 = 0

a =1 a =1
b = -10 −𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 b = -10 −𝒃 − 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒙= 𝒙=
c = 25 𝟐𝒂 c = 25 𝟐𝒂
− −10 − (−10)𝟐−𝟒(1)(25)
− −10 + (−10)𝟐−𝟒(1)(25) 𝒙=
𝒙= 𝟐(1)
𝟐(1)
10 − 100 − 100
10 + 100 − 100 𝒙=
𝒙= 𝟐
𝟐 10 − 0
10 + 0 𝒙=
𝒙= 𝟐
𝟐
10 − 0
10 + 0 𝒙=
𝒙= 𝟐 𝟐
10
10 𝒙=
𝒙= 𝟐
𝟐 𝒙=5
𝒙=5

If the value of 𝒃𝟐−𝟒𝒂𝒄 is equal to zero, then we can say that the roots of the
quadratic equation 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 = 0 are real numbers, rational and are equal
Sum and Product of the Roots
Recall from the quadratic formula that the roots
of quadratic equation: ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠0

−𝑏 ± 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝑥=
2𝑎
the two roots can be represented as
 Sum of the Roots, r1 + r2:

− coefficient of x
coefficient of x2
The sum of the roots of a quadratic equation is equal to the negation of the
coefficient of the second term, divided by the leading coefficient.
 Product of the Roots, r1 • r2:

constant term
coefficient of x2

The product of the roots of a quadratic equation is equal to the constant term

(the third term),divided by the leading coefficient.

 Example1:
Find the sum and the product of the roots of
the quadratic equation 2x2 + 5x – 14 =0
Solution: a = 2, b = 5, c = -14
𝑏 5 𝑐 −14
r1+r2 = - = - r1r2 = 𝑎 = = -7
𝑎 2 2

5
Sum = - Product = -7
2
 Example2:
Without finding the actual roots of 2x2 + 3x – 5 =0, find
its sum and product of roots.
Solution: a = 2, b = 3, c = - 5

𝑏 3 𝑐 −5
r1+r2 = - =-2 r1r2 = 𝑎 =
𝑎 2

3 −5
Sum = - Product =
2 2
 Directions: Solve the following Quadratic Equations and complete the table.
Answer the questions that follow.
1) x2 + 4x + 4 = 0 2) 2x2 –4x – 3 = 0 3) x2 + 3x - 3 = 0 4) x2 + 5= 0

Produ
Is the solution Sum of
Valu Is ct of
Value Solution denoted as real and the
Eq. e of r1= r2? the
rational; real roots
roots
No. b2– (Yes or and irrational or
a b c r1 r2 4ac No) not real? r1+r2 (r1)(r2)

1. 1 4 4 -2 -2 0 Yes Real, rational -4 4

2. 1 4 3 3 1 4 No Real, rational 4 3

−𝟑 + 𝟐𝟏 −𝟑 − 𝟐𝟏
3. 1 3 -3 21 No Real, irrational -3 -3
𝟐 𝟐

4. 1 0 5 −𝟓 − −𝟓 -20 No Not real 0 5

What have you noticed to the sum and
product of the roots in relation with the
coefficients of the quadratic equation?
What is therelationships between
the roots and coefficient of
quadratic equation?
• The sum of the roots of a quadratic equation is
equal to the negation of the coefficient of the
second term, divided by the leading coefficient.
• The product of the roots of a quadratic
equation is equal to the constant term (the third
term), The roots will be represented as r1 and r2.
What if the given is just the roots of the
equation? How are you going to form the
required quadratic equation for the
given roots?
 Formation of quadratic equations

In the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,

and r1 and r2 are the given roots.
Then the required equation may be written as
x2 – (sum of the roots)x + product of the roots = 0
In the standard form of the quadratic
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0,
if every term is divided by a we obtain
𝒃 𝒄
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙+ =𝟎
𝒂 𝒂
𝒃 𝒄
𝒙𝟐 + − 𝒙+ =𝟎
𝒂 𝒂

replacing the above results, we have

𝒙𝟐 + [-(r1+r2 )]x + r1r2 = 𝟎

or 𝒙𝟐 - (r1+r2 )x + r1r2 = 𝟎
Example1: Form a quadratic equation whose
roots are 2 and 3.

r1+r2 = 𝟐 + 𝟑 = 𝟓 r1r2 = (𝟐)(𝟑) = 𝟔

sum = 5 product = 6

replacing the above results,

𝒙𝟐 - (r1+r2 )x + r1r2 = 𝟎

we have,
𝒙𝟐 - (5)x + 6 = 0
𝒙𝟐 - 5x + 6 = 0
2) Find a quadratic equation with the following
roots: – 1 + 3 and −1 − 3
Solution:
Let r1 = – 1 + 3 , r2 = −1 − 3

r1+r2 = – 1 + 3 +(−1 − 3 ) r1r2 = (– 1 + 3)(−1 − 3 )

Sum = -2 Product = 1 – 3 = - 2

Substitute in the equation x2 – (r1+r2) x + r1r2 = 0

x2 – (-2x + (-2) = 0
x2 + 2x - 2 = 0
Therefore, the required equation is x2 + 2x - 2 = 0
 Try It!
1) Form a quadratic equation whose roots are twice the
roots of 3x2 + 5x + 1 = 0
2) Find the value of k so that one root of 4x2 +kx + 25 = 0 is -2
Solving Equations
Transformable to
Quadratic Equations
Objectives:

1. Solve equations transformable to quadratic

equations;
2. identify the solutions, and extraneous solutions
of the equations;
3. relate the topic in real life experiences.
To Solve an Equation That is Reducible to Quadratic Form

1. The equation is quadratic in form if

the variable factor in one term is the
square of the variable factor in the
other variable term.
2. Note Carefully any substitutions
made
To Solve an Equation That is Reducible to Quadratic Form

3. Whenever you are making a

substitution, remember to solve for
the variable that is used in the
original equation.
4. Check possible answers in the
ORIGINAL equation.
 Recognizing Equations in Quadratic Form

•Certain equations that are not really

quadratic can be thought of in such a way
that they can be solved as quadratic. For
example, because the square of x2 is x4, the
equation
• x4 − 5x2 + 4 = 0 is said to be “quadratic in x2”
Quadratic Form
x4 – 5x2 + 4 = 0

 The last equation (x2)2 – 5(x2) + 4 = 0

can be solved by
factoring or by the u2 – 5u + 4 = 0.
quadratic formula. Then, remembering
that u = x2, we can solve for x
 Equations that can be solved like this
are reducible to, or are in, quadratic
form.
Example Solve x4 – 5x2 + 4 = 0

• SOLUTION
• Let u = x2. Then we solve by substituting u for x2 and u2 for x4:

u2 – 5u + 4 = 0
(u – 1)(u – 4) = 0 Factoring
Principle of
u – 1 = 0 or u – 4 = 0 zero products

u = 1 or u = 4
Example 🡆 Solve x4 – 5x2 + 4 = 0
• Recall
u = x2 x2 = 1 or x2 = 4 Replace u with x2

x  1 or x  2.
 To check, note that for both x = 1 and
x = −1, we have x2 = 1 and x4 = 1.
Similarly, for both x = 2 and x = −2, we
have x2 = 4 and x4 = 16.
 Thus instead of making four checks, we
need to make only two.
 Example 🡆 Solve x4 – 5x2 + 4 = 0

• CHECK:
x = 1: TRUE x = 2: TRUE
x4 – 5x2 + 4 = 0 x4 – 5x2 + 4 = 0
(1) – 5(1) + 4 = 0 (16) – 5(4) + 4 = 0

1 – 5+4 = 0 16 – 20+4 = 0

0=0 16 – 16 = 0
0=0

The solutions are 1, −1, 2, and −2.

Solve:

1. 𝑦 4 − 13𝑦2 + 36 = 0
Solve 3𝑥−2 − 7𝑥−1 + 4 = 0
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥−1
3𝑢2 − 7𝑢 + 4 = 0
3𝑢 − 4 𝑢 − 1 = 0
4
𝑢 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑢 =
3
Since 𝑢 = 𝑥−1
4
𝑥−1 =1 𝑥−1 =
3
4−1 3
1−1 =1 =
3 4
3
𝑥=1 𝑥=
4
Example 3𝑥 −2 − 7𝑥 −1 + 4 = 0

• CHECK:
x = 1: x=3:
4
3𝑥−2 − 7𝑥−1 +4=0 3𝑥−2 − 7𝑥−1 + 4 = 0
Try It!
Solve:
1. 2𝑥 −2 = 𝑥 −1 +1
Solve 𝑥 − 4 = 5𝑥 − 6

Square both sides,

2
𝑥 − 4 = 5𝑥 − 6
𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 22 = 0
𝑥 − 11 𝑥 − 2 = 0
𝑥 = 11 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2
Checking,
When 𝑥 = 11
𝑥 − 4 = 5𝑥 − 6
11 − 4 = 5(11) − 6
7=7
It satisfies the equation.
When 𝑥 = 2
𝑥 − 4 = 5𝑥 − 6
2 − 4 = 5(2) − 6
−2 ≠ 2
𝑥 = 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑖𝑠 {𝟏𝟏}

𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕
− 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒅 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒂 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕
𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
 x 8 x 9  0
Example 🡆 Solve
 SOLUTION: Let u  x
 Next Substitute: u for 2
x and u for x
u2 – 8u – 9 = 0
(u – 9)(u +1) = 0

u – 9 = 0 or u + 1 = 0
u = 9 or u = –1
Solve
𝟐
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟎
Solve the following equations.
Thank you