BIOCHEMISTRY

CHAPTER 2 QUIZ

SHIRI BLAISE LIM

1. How to make soap? What do we call its process? What is the connection of lipids to making
soap?
Mix together Caster Oil & Ethanol and speed it up with hot water then mix it with Saturated
Sodium Chloride Solution in an ice cold water to precipitate. Filler off by means of mixing
distilled water in the formation of soap to test if it is a success. When Lather (foam/forth) is
visible then your detergent is done. And this process is called SAPONIFICATION. From the
word SAPO which means soap in Latin. A soap is a by-product of cholesterol which is a type of
lipid that digests as it functions. Also, bile salt is capable of emulsifying fats and oils while the
enzymes present in it may break them down making a soap very effective in cleaning.

2. How do soaps clean our dirty clothes?

Soap acts as an Emulsifying or Surfactant agent which means a surface-active material that
absorbs oil-water intervention. Every detergent has a Hydrophobic Tail which is attached to
grime & dirt and a Hydrophilic Head which is affixed to water molecules. So, the dirt is pulled
away and washed in water, leaving it clean.

3. Differentiate Phospholipid and Glycolipid in terms of structure.

Phospholipid is composed of 2 Hydrophobic Tails of fatty acids & 1 Hydrophilic Head that is
joint by Glycerol Molecule meanwhile Glycolipid is sugar-containing compound lipid which is
also called Glycosphingolipids that contains carbohydrate groups that is attached to the lipid
residue.

4. What is the importance of Glycolipid to our cells?

Glycolipid is a complex lipid that contains carbohydrates sugar (Glucose & Galactose) which
maintains the stability of cell membrane. It is said to ease cellular intervention and also allows
them to connect with one another to form tissues.

5. Describe the molecule transports across the membrane.

There are three (3) transports across the membrane namely the Passive, Facilitated and Active
Transport. A Passive transport doesn’t require the cell to expand energy and only small
molecules can pass through the pore such as Ions, Sugar, Amino Acids and Nucleotides. And is
said to be a Gap Junction which are channels that connect cells and facilitate the exchange of
small molecules. Facilitated Transport is an interaction between transporter and the
transported molecule. It moves from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
and moves with concentration gradient. And lastly, the Active Transport moves from a region
of lower to higher concentration against concentration gradient. Needs to expand energy to
change protein shape and exchange one substance for another. And in our Anatomy and
Physiology lesson, the malfunction of active transport can lead to serious health conditions.
6. Why is Cholesterol important to us?
Cholesterol is said to be an abundant steroid (group of plant/animal lipids) in our body.
Precedes all steroid hormones and bile acids and also an important component in the animal
plasma membrane. According to other’s research, the body uses this to build the structure of
a cell membrane. It is also an ingredient to produce vitamin D that is why it is very essential to
the human body.

7. When will Cholesterol be associated with the disease Atherosclerosis? Describe the cause of
increase in numbers of Cholesterol in the blood.
When cholesterol is unbelievably high, it builds up or forms plaque deposits on the walls of
arteries causing it to become narrowed and this disease is called Atherosclerosis (thickening
or hardening of arteries). Narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the heart causing the
person to have higher risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney dis-function or other problems.
Smoking, Unhealthy diet, Lack of exercise and having an underlying condition (high blood
pressure & diabetes) are the causes of the increase of cholesterol in our body.

8. What is the role of Bile Salt?

Bile Salt is the product of oxidation of cholesterol. It is stored in the Gallbladder when they’re
not used. Produced in our liver and is excreted in our intestine in order to emulsify fats and
aids in digestion of fats. Absorbs important Vitamins and eliminates toxins.