All Clear For Bulgaria 7th Grade Students Book

For Bulgaria
7
th
for the grade
Student’s Book
Patrick Howarth, Patricia Reilly and Daniel Morris
CONTENTS • Topics on the Bulgarian curriculum for the 7th grade marked in yellow
Unit Curriculum topics Vocabulary Grammar

Starter • Sports and healthy
eating
• Healthy eating • Questions and answers
• Adverbs
unit • Q
uantifiers
page 6 • Determiners
• Present continuous for future
arrangements
• Present simple for future actions
1 • My interests • Free-time activities • Present simple

• Hobbies and leisure • Character adjectives • Adverbs of frequency
My • Sports • Present continuous
interests • Time expressions
page 10 • Gerunds
2 • My interests • IT activities • Past simple

• My future profession • Jobs • Past continuous
Connected • Shopping
page 18
3 • My interests • Prepositions of
movement
• Past tenses: past simple and past
continuous
Incredible • -ed / -ing adjectives • w
hen and while
stories • Present and past tenses
page 26
Revision Units 1–3 page 34 Vocabulary  Grammar  Cultural Awareness: Natural landmarks  Media
4 • Shopping and fashion • Style adjectives • Relative clauses
• Phrasal verbs: clothes • some / any / no
Fashion compounds
world • The future
page 38
Reading Writing Listening Speaking Culture/Phonetics
• Introducing oneself • Introductions /
• Free-time activities Talking about school
• Likes and dislikes • Giving information
• Listening to about oneself
introductions and • Communicating in
preferences everyday situations
• A magazine article: • A personal profile • Celebrity hobbies • Making suggestions / • Culture:
My favourite space • Joining ideas • Listening to the An evening at home Famous
• Understanding general • Describing oneself, report related • Expressing opinions sporting events
and specific information one’s weekly to hobbies and • Making suggestions • Phonetics:
in a text related to schedule and free-time activities /ɒ/ /ɔː/ /əʊ/
preferences and free-time activities
free-time activities
• A news report: • A thank you letter • A miracle – thanks • Making requests and • Culture:
The power of technology • Thank you letters to technology offers (1) / Shopping Famous
• Understanding general • Expressing • Expressing opinions for electronic gadgets inventions and
and specific information gratitude in a letter • Making requests inventors
in a text related to • Communicating in • Phonetics:
technology everyday situations Word stress
• True stories: • A description • Tree couple get • Telling anecdotes / • Culture:
A surprising discovery of an accident home safely Talking with friends Famous writers
A lucky escape • Time expressions • Listening to a story • Participating in a short and books
• Understanding general • Describing a past aboult a dangerous conversation • Phonetics:
and specific information event journey • Speaking about one’s Sentence stress
in a text about extreme past experiences
sports
Digital Competence: A digital wall • Natural landmarks in Bulgaria and the United Kingdom • Tourism and environment
• A fashion magazine: • A comparison • What are you • Complimenting people • Culture:
Fashionable feet • Linkers of contrast going to wear? • Giving and responding Famous design
• Understanding general • Describing people • Listening to a to compliments and designers
and specific information and events related invitation • Expressing approval • Phonetics:
in a text related to to familiar topics and gratitude /ʤ/, /t/, /j/
fashion and /h/
Unit Curriculum topics Vocabulary Grammar
5 • Obligations and
responsibilities
• Fundraising ideas • Present perfect
• make and do • ever, never, just, already and yet
Real-life • How long … ? with for and since
heroes
page 46
6 • Vacation and travel • Travel • Present perfect and past simple

• Extreme adjectives • Quantity
Amazing
journeys
page 54
Revision Units 4–6 page 62 Vocabulary  Grammar  Cultural Awareness: Historical landmarks  Literature
7 • My interests • Films • Future forms: will, be going to,
present continuous, present simple
• Suffixes
Films • First conditional
page 66
8 • My interests • Making friends • Modal verbs: obligation, prohibition

and advice
• Friendship without • Verb and noun
Our borders collocations • Second conditional
friends
page 74
9 • My interests • Music • The passive

• Negative prefixes • Active and passive
Making • Tense revision
music
page 82
Revision Units 7–9 page 90 Vocabulary  Grammar  Cultural Awareness: Easter  Music
Macmillan Life Skills Collaborative Projects
page 94
Irregular verbs
page 100
Reading Writing Listening Speaking Culture/Phonetics
• An article: • A magazine article • Selena Gomez, • Making requests • Culture:
Two inspiring fundraisers • Connectors Goodwill and offers (2) / Famous heroes
• Understanding general of purpose: Ambassador A fundraising event and heroines
and specific information to + infinitive • Listening to a short • Expressing request • Phonetics:
in a text related to • Describing a past biography of a • Talking about future Contractions
volunteering and event celebrity plans and intentions
fundraising
• A personal profile: • A description • Solo sailor • Talking about a journey / • Culture:
It’s a small world of a journey • Listening to a At the station American
• Understanding general • Linkers dialogue related to • Talking about one’s History online
and specific information • Describing an event sports, adventures experiences • Phonetics:
in a short biography from one’s personal and hobbies • Expressing disapproval /ɜː/ /iː/ /ʌ/
experience
Digital Competence: Blog posts • Historical landmarks in Bulgaria and the United States
• Online film magazine: • A film review • Teenage • Asking for and • Culture:
The future of film • Giving opinions film-makers giving opinions / Famous films
• Understanding general • Expressing • Listening to a Talking about a film and film-makers
and specific information judgment and recording about • Talking about films • Phonetics:
in a text related to use of opinion film-making • Expressing opinions Sentence stress
new technology in films and weak forms
• A travel guide: • A formal letter • Relationship advice • Describing people / • Culture:
Cultural intelligence • Linkers of addition • Listening to a A party Famous
• Understanding and contrast conversation related • Giving descriptions on friendships
general and specific • Expressing a to relationships familiar topics • Phonetics:
information in a text request and /aɪ/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /ɔɪ/
related friendship and an opinion
international differences
• A news report: • A description • A new trend in • Agreeing and • Culture:
To stream, or not of a musical hero the music world disagreeing / Famous music
to stream? • Time expressions • Listening to a A concert venues
• Understanding general • Writing short notes programme about • Expressing agreement • Phonetics:
and specific information on a given topic music industry and disagreement Sentence stress
in a news report related • Expressing an and /ə/
to technology and use opinion
of the Internet
Digital Competence: Presentations • Holidays and traditions • Frirndship without borders
Phonetic symbols Wordlist

page 102 p
age 112
Grammar reference
page 103
Starter
S unit
Vocabulary
Healthy eating
1 Copy the table in your notebook and classify the food and drinks below.
chips • organic vegetables • skimmed milk • fizzy drink • nutrition bar • low-fat yoghurt •
full-fat cheese • instant soup • pre-made pizza • unsweetened smoothie
Healthy Unhealthy
2 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. Write the answers in your
notebook.
1 I could never eat a full / complete English breakfast. It’s much too big!
2 We usually have several ready / immediate meals during the week.
3 I try not to eat too much rubbish / junk food because I know it’s bad for my health.
4 I think I have a well-balanced diet / menu and eat loads of fruit and vegetables.
3 Do you agree with the statements in exercise 2?
6
Grammar
Questions and answers 2 I … eat breakfast at home, but
yesterday I didn’t.
1 Order the words to make questions 3 I hope she’s OK. She never comes
and answer them in pairs. home so … .
1 you / Can / swim / ? 4 Do you know why they aren’t … yet?
2 your best friend / like / Does / chocolate / ? 5 My brother is a very careful driver – he
3 Have / got / you / any pets / ? always drives … .
4 there / Is / a computer / in your 6 What could … go wrong?
bedroom / ?
5 there / any good shops / where you Quantifiers
live / Are / ? Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
6 you / go / going / shopping / at the a few a little
weekend / Are / to / ?
few little
Adverbs
All Clear Rules All Clear Rules

We can use few and little with very.
We use adverbs to indicate the time,
We have very little salt. I have very few apples.
manner, probability, degree, frequency
We use few and very with too when we
or place of something.
mean not enough.
I never get up early at the weekends.
We have too few tomatoes to make this soup.
Please drive your car carefully!
There is too little milk for the pancakes.
She will probably visit us on Wednesday.
It’s rather cold, isn’t it?
I always drink coffee in the morning. 1 Choose the correct quantifier.
When we got there, it was already dark. Write the answers in your notebook.
1 There are too little / few vegetables to
2 Copy the table in your notebook and make a salad.
complete it with the adverbs in the box.
2 He doesn’t like his coffee too sweet,
late quite usually possibly probably so he only takes a little / a few sugar.
fast never there early rather slowly 3 We’ve got a lot of mineral water but
here very few / little orange juice.
4 There are a little / a few good
restaurants in the town centre.
time
5 Would you like a little / a few mustard
manner
with your hot dog?
probability
degree
frequency All Clear Rules
Determiners are words like all, both, several.
place
They go before nouns.
I like both of my English teachers.
3 Complete the sentences with six All his ideas are very interesting.
of the adverbs in exercise 2. Both (of) my children are doctors.
1 Let’s go for a walk – the weather is … She invitied several friends to her birthday party.
nice today!
Starter unit 7
Grammar
Present continuous for Back Calendar +
future arrangements
TODAY
Mon 15 Tue 16 Wed 17 Thu 18 Fri 19 Sat 20 Sun 21

09 09 09 09 09 09 09
8 It’s Monday. Look at Amy’s calendar and 10 10 10 10 10 10

go to the
beach
10
visit
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 my
complete the sentences with the correct 12 12 12 12 12 12
grandparents
12
form of the verbs in brackets. 13
Lunch
13
Lunch
13
Lunch
13
Lunch
13
Lunch
13 13
14 14 14 14 14 14
Lunch
14
Lunch
1 On Tuesday evening she … (do) her 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
homework. 17 do
17homework 17 17 17 17 17
2 On Wednesday she … (play) football. 18 18 play
18 football 18 18 18 18
19 19 19 19 19 19 19
3 On Friday evening she … (watch) DVDs 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
at Sara’s house. 21 21 21 21 21 DVDs
watch
at
21 21
22 22 22 22 22Sara’s 22 22
4 On Saturday she … (go) to the beach. 23 23 23 23
house
23 23 23
5 On Sunday Amy … (visit) her grandparents. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Present simple for future actions
  Manchester  London Cambridge  Birmingham
arrivals 7:30 am, 2:10 pm, 6:45 pm 10:00 am, 3:08 pm, 8:25 pm
departures 7:42 am, 2:16 pm, 7:01 pm 10:05 am, 3:10 pm, 8:45 pm
9 Complete the sentences with the present

All Clear Rules simple forms of the verbs in brackets.
To talk about schedules and timetables, 1 We have to hurry! Mary’s train … (arrive)
we use the present simple tense. at 2:10 pm, we only have 40 minutes!
We have to go now because our train leaves 2 Our train to Birmingham … (leave)
in half an hour! at 8:45 pm, so we’re going to drive
to the station at about 7:45 pm.
Listening
1 1.01
Listen to Mia, Max and Ruby introducing themselves. Match pictures 1–3 with
the people.
1 2 3
2 Listen again and copy and complete the profiles.
Age Lives Likes Doesn’t like

Mia 15 London
Max
Ruby
8
Speaking
Introductions / Talking about school
1 1.02
Listen to the dialogue. What are Sophia’s favourite school subjects?
Model Dialogue
Sophia
Leo
Hi, I’m Sophia.
Hi, I’m Leo.
Are you lost?
Yes, I am. This is my first day. Can you
Yes, of course. Come with me. So, what do tell me where the music room is?
you think of the school?
It looks OK, but it’s a bit big. Do you like it?
Yes, I do. It’s great but we get a lot of homework.
What are your favourite subjects?
English and maths. And yours?
English, history and music.
Can you play the guitar?
Yes. I play in a band. We’re looking for a singer
at the moment.
Really? I can sing!
Seriously? Would you like to do an audition?
Yes, fantastic!
2 Listen again and repeat the dialogue.
Speaking Task
1 Talk about school
Use the ideas below or your own ideas.
Places in school Subjects Instruments
basketball court art geography history drums / drummer
school cafeteria ICT literature music keyboards / keyboardist
science lab PE science trumpet / trumpet player
violin / violin player
2 Prepare a dialogue
Useful Language
Look at the Model Dialogue and change the words
Talking about school
in blue.
Are you lost?
3 Speak Can you tell me where the music
In pairs, practise your dialogue. room is?
Are you lost? What do you think of the school?
Yes, I am. This is my first
What are your favourite subjects?
day. Can you tell me where
Can you play the guitar?
the science lab is?
Would you like to do an audition?
Starter unit 9
Objectives
1 My
interests
Vocabulary Free-time activities; character
adjectives
Grammar Present simple; adverbs of
frequency; present continuous;
time expressions; gerunds
Speaking Making suggestions
Vocabulary Writing A personal profile
Free-time activities
1 1.03
Listen and repeat the words. Match them with pictures 1–14.
chat online • do voluntary work • draw cartoons • go dancing • go out for a meal •
go to the cinema • go to the gym • go to a youth centre • learn a language • make models •
play computer games • play an instrument • play tennis • relax
4
2 3 5
1
6 7 8 9 10
11
12 13 14
2 Copy and complete the sentences with free-time activities from exercise 1.
1 I … . I go to Spanish classes twice a week.
2 I like making things with my hands. I … of planes.
3 I do a lot of sport and exercise. I often … or … .
4 I … once a week. I visit people in hospital.
5 I sometimes … with my friends. We love pizza!
6 I love using technology. I often … or … .
3 1.04
Listen to Emma and Danny. What is Emma’s favourite free-time activity?
4 In pairs, ask and answer questions about your free-time activities.
What are your favourite free-time activities?
I like playing tennis, chatting online and going dancing.
10
Reading Word Check
bloggers interview post
A magazine article
My Favourite Space
Every teen has a favourite space – a place to play an instrument,
chat online or simply relax. But do all teenagers have the same
favourite space? Let’s find out more from two young bloggers
who are asking the question, ‘What’s your favourite space?’
Jamie and Ellie Nelson are a brother and sister

from Liverpool. They are the co-founders of a We asked Jamie some questions.
video blog called My Favourite Space. In the Let’s see what he says.
blog, Jamie and Ellie talk about their hobbies
and their favourite spaces. They also interview ‘Ellie and I have different hobbies and different
their friends on video for the blog. favourite spaces. Ellie draws cartoons and makes
Jamie and Ellie usually film the models in her free time. At the moment, she’s
videos in their local area, but drawing a cartoon of me! It’s very funny. Her
every summer they interview favourite space is the living room because she
their cousins in Spain when edits her films there, but my favourite space is the
they go there on park. I enjoy playing football there. When I’m not
holiday. They work interviewing friends for the blog or playing football,
together as a team. I often play computer games in my bedroom.’
Jamie interviews
their friends and Security is very important. They never give the
Ellie films and edits addresses or surnames of the teenagers in the
the videos. They videos. People under 18 also need permission from
post a new blog their parents to participate.
entry every week.
Are you using your computer now? All Clear Facts

Check out My Favourite Space! A video blog is also known as a vlog.
Someone who posts a vlog is often
called a vlogger.
1 Look at the title of the text. What do you think the text is about?
2 1.05
Read and listen. Check your answer to exercise 1.
3 Write true or false in your notebook. Copy the text that shows your answers.
1 Jamie and Ellie don’t talk about their free-time activities in My Favourite Space.
2 The website only has videos of teenagers in Liverpool.
3 Jamie and Ellie do similar things in their free time.
4 The website protects its users’ identities.
4 Answer the questions in your notebook.

1 What does Jamie do for the blog?
2 How often do they post a new blog entry?
3 What does Ellie do in her free time?
4 What’s Jamie’s favourite space?
Unit 1 11
Grammar
Present simple Present continuous
Affirmative She plays Affirmative She’s drawing
Negative We don’t play Negative We aren’t drawing
Interrogative Do you play …? Interrogative Are you drawing …?
1 Look at the table. Find examples of the 4 Look at the examples in the table
present simple in the text on page 9. and write the correct words in your
notebook to complete the rule.
2 Write the correct words in your We use the present continuous for actions
notebook to complete the rule. happening now / habits and routines.
We use the present simple for actions
happening now / habits and routines. 5 Complete the sentences with the
correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Adverbs of frequency 1 I … (chat) online to my best friend at

the moment.
100% I’m always energetic at the 2 Ben … (play) computer games right now.
weekend.
3 They … (go) to the cinema now.
He usually plays computer games
in the evening. 4 I … (play) tennis now. I … (lose) the game!
We often go to a youth centre at 5 Eva … (draw) cartoons by hand at the
the weekend. moment. She’s really good!
She sometimes draws cartoons. 6 My parents … (relax) on the sofa.
You hardly ever chat online during They’re really tired!
the week.
0% They are never dishonest. Time expressions
6 Copy and complete the table with the
3 Complete the sentences with adverbs
time expressions in the box.
of frequency and the correct form of
the verbs in brackets. always at the moment every day
I often do sports. (do / often) now often this week twice a week
1 She … her friends at the weekend. usually
(meet / usually)
Present simple Present continuous
2 They … bored. (be / sometimes)
3 We … to the cinema. (go / hardly every day
ever)
4 He … dancing. (go / never) 7 Complete the sentences with the correct
5 You … a car to work. (drive / always) form of the verbs in brackets. Use the
present simple or the present continuous.
6 I … voluntary work. (do / often)
1 I … (play) computer games every day.
All Clear Rules 2 She usually … (do) voluntary work
once a week.
Adverbs of frequency go before the
3 At the moment, we … (draw) cartoons.
main verb but after the verb be.
4 I … (chat) online now.
5 They often … (go) to the cinema at
the weekend.
12
8 Complete the sentences with the Gerunds
Use the present simple or the present After preference verbs
continuous. He likes reading.
Simon isn’t talking (not talk) about his She hates dancing.
free-time activities now. Do you enjoy making videos?
1 At the moment, Karen … (learn) After prepositions
French. She … (not study) Spanish. I’m (not) keen on drawing cartoons.
2 He … (not usually play) an They’re (not) interested in going to
instrument, but he often … (go) to the gym.
the gym. Is he good / bad at playing the piano.
3 They … (not do) anything at the
moment. They … (relax). 11 Write complete sentences using
4 I … (not meet) my friends every day. gerunds in your notebook.
I usually … (see) them at the weekend. Peter / like / play tennis.
5 We … (not study) today. We … (play) Peter likes playing tennis.
tennis. 1 Kate / be / good at / draw cartoons.
2 They / enjoy / meet their friends.
9 Write complete questions in your
notebook. Use the present simple or 3 He / hate / travel.
the present continuous. 4 You / be / not interested in / go to the
1 What / you / usually / do / at the cinema.
weekend? 5 I / be / keen on / play computer games.
2 How / often / you / watch films? 12 Write complete questions using gerunds
3 What / you / do / now? in your notebook. Then answer them so
4 Where / you / usually / meet your they are true for you.
friends? 1 you / enjoy / listen to music?
5 you / listen to music / now? 2 you / like / do sports / at the weekend?
3 What / you / love / do on Saturdays?
10 I n pairs, ask and answer the
questions in exercise 9. 4 you / be / keen on / do voluntary work?
5 you / be / interested in / make models?
All Clear
13 Write the correct words in your notebook.
I’m English, but I (1)don’t live / doesn’t live
Grammar
in England, I live in France. I (2)go / ’m going 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
to secondary school in my town. At the
moment, I (3)study / ’m studying for exams.
What (4)do I usually / do usually I do in my free
time? Well, I (5)go / ’m going swimming once
a week. I love (6)meet / meeting my friends at
the weekend. I really enjoy (7)draw / drawing
cartoons and I’m good (8)in / at making models.
14 1.06
Listen and check your answers.
Grammar Reference p103 Unit 1 13

Vocabulary
Character adjectives
1 1.07
Listen and repeat the words. How do you say them in Bulgarian?
adventurous • cautious • confident • dishonest • energetic • friendly • funny • generous • honest •
lazy • quiet • selfish • serious • shy • talkative • unsociable
2 Match pictures 1–8 with character adjectives from exercise 1.
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
3 Complete the text with words from exercise 1.

My brother Alex has got lots of energy – he’s very energetic. He’s (1)… and he loves exploring
places like the Amazon. He’s got lots of friends because he’s very (2)… . He often gives them
presents because he’s very (3)… . He always thinks about others because he isn’t (4)… .
Sometimes he doesn’t stop talking. He’s very (5)… . He isn’t shy like me. He’s very (6)…, and
he can make people laugh because he’s (7)… .
4 Which of the adjectives in exercise 1 describe you?
I’m adventurous, but I’m not very funny.
Listening
5 1.08
Copy the hobbies in the box. Listen to the report and number the hobbies
in the order you hear them.
collect Star Wars figures do magic play bingo play the piano sing karaoke
6 Listen again and complete the sentences with the celebrities in your notebook.
1 … sometimes uses his hobby in his films. 4 … has a collection of toy action figures.
2 … thinks his hobby is exciting. 5 … does his hobby for his friends.
3 … does her hobby to relax.
14
Speaking
Making suggestions / An evening at home
1 1.09
Listen to the dialogue. What do Holly and Emma decide to eat?
Model Dialogue
Holly
Emma
Do you fancy playing computer games?
No, that’s boring.
OK. What do you want to watch? Let’s watch a film instead.
I’ve got The Hunger Games, Breakout
and The Hobbit. Oh, The Hunger Games,
definitely.
Let’s get some food too.
OK. Good idea. Do you feel like having
No, let’s have a pizza instead. a curry?
OK.
Let’s invite Rachel too.
Yeah, cool. I’ll phone her now.
Speaking Task
1 Talk about an evening at home
Choose an activity and some food. Use the ideas below or your own ideas.
4:57 PM
Food [U1.13.2: Activities

headshot of play computer games
ice cream / pizza /
14–15 year watch a film
popcorn / sandwich
old girl] watch football / tennis /
basketball
Look at the Model Dialogue and Useful Language
change the words in blue. Making suggestions
Do you fancy playing computer games?
3 Speak No, that’s boring.
In pairs, practise your dialogue. Let’s get some food too.
Do you fancy watching football? OK. Good idea.
Do you feel like having a curry?
No, that’s boring. Let’s watch a film instead. No, let’s have a pizza instead.
Unit 1 15
Writing
A personal profile
1 1.10
Read the Model Text and listen. Answer the questions in your notebook.
1 Where does Will live? 3 What activities does Will do during the week?
2 Why is Will studying a lot this year? 4 What activities does he do at the weekend?
Model Text
This is me!
My name’s Will Davis. I’m 16 and I live in Manchester
with my parents and my sister. I’m friendly, energetic
and talkative!
I don’t often go out during the week because I’m usually
busy with homework. This year, I’ve got my GCSE exams,
so I’m studying a lot. I’m learning the guitar and I have
lessons on Mondays. Once a week, I do voluntary work
at a centre for old people. It’s hard work, although I enjoy
talking to them.
At the weekend, I usually meet my friends. We love
listening to music or playing computer games and
we often go to parties. I’m never bored!
2 Look at the All Clear Tips and translate

the words in bold. Find examples in Writing Task
the Model Text.
1 Plan
Make notes about yourself and include:
All Clear Tips Personal details: your name, age, family,
Joining ideas town / city, character
I’m having guitar lessons because I want to be Activities during the week: school work,
a guitarist. after-school activities
I want to be a guitarist, so I’m having guitar lessons. Weekend activities: hobbies and free-time
I want to be a guitarist, although I’m not very activities
musical.
2 Write
Use the Model Text, your notes and this
3 Rewrite the sentences with so, because structure:
or although in your notebook.
Paragraph 1: Personal details
We usually go for pizza because it’s cheap. Paragraph 2: Activities during the week
1 I’m very sociable, … I love going out Paragraph 3: Weekend activities
and meeting new people.
3 Check
2 I’m learning the piano, … I’m not very
good yet! p
resent simple, present continuous,
3 I’m practising the piano a lot … I’ve adverbs of frequency, time
got a concert next week. expressions, gerunds
4 I do a lot of sport … I’m very energetic. free-time activities, character adjectives
5 I like sports, … I don’t often play them. joining ideas: because, so and although
16
Culture Reading
FAMOUS
SPORTING EVENTS
WIMBLEDON
Wimbledon tennis championship takes place every year in
London in the last week of June and the first week of July.
All of the world’s top tennis players compete.
Spectators
Half a million spectators watch the matches live. The spectators
eat 112,000 boxes of strawberries and drink 17,000 bottles of
champagne. Around the world, more than 500 million people
watch the competition in 185 different countries.
Ball boys and ball girls

On court with the players are
ball boys and ball girls. There
are 250 in total and they all
come from local schools.
They start training in February
and have to pass an exam and
be fit. They are usually 15
years old.
History and famous

players
Wimbledon started in 1877 and it’s the oldest tennis
championship in the world. Famous champions include
Serena and Venus Williams (America), Rafael Nadal (Spain) and
Roger Federer (Switzerland). In 2013, Andy Murray was the first
British man to win Wimbledon for 77 years!
Phonetics
1.11
Read and listen. Then answer the
questions in your notebook. /ɒ/ /ɔː/ /əʊ/
1 What is Wimbledon? When and
a 1.12
Listen and repeat.
where is it?
2 What fact do you find most /ɒ/ boxes, bottles, watch
surprising about Wimbledon? /ɔː/ ball, sport, draw
3 Are there any famous sporting /əʊ/ local, total, oldest
events in your country? What do b Listen and repeat the sentences.
1.13
you know about them?
Unit 1 17
Objectives
2 Connected Vocabulary IT activities; jobs

Grammar Past simple; past
Writing
continuous
Speaking Making requests and offers (1)
A thank you letter
Vocabulary
IT activities
1 1.14
charge a mobile phone • download / upload a video clip • go online • make a phone call •
play a video game • plug in a memory stick • post a comment • print a document •
read an e-book • scan a document • send an email • store data • take a photo • write a blog
3 4 5
1 2
8 9
7 10
6
12 13 14
11

1 I need to store / charge my mobile phone because the battery’s dead.
2 He stores / scans data on a memory stick.
3 Do you know how to upload / download a video onto the internet?
4 This blog is really funny. I’m going to post / download a comment.
5 I use the internet to help me with my homework. I go online / store data to search
for information.
3 1.15
Listen to Sophie and Chen. How many hours does Chen watch TV every week?
4 In pairs, ask and answer questions about IT activities.

How many hours do you use a computer every day?
About two hours. What about you?
18
Reading Word Check
A news report homeless skill car rides
November 1st News 24
THE POWER OF TECHNOLOGY

Patrick and Leo are However, he found programming interesting
both from New York. and learnt very quickly.
Patrick is a computer
When they started the
programmer. He
lessons, Patrick wrote a
started designing
blog about the project.
websites when he was
Many people posted
just 12 years old. Leo
positive comments, but
doesn’t have a job. He
there were also negative
was working for an
comments. They said that
insurance company
Leo needed food and a
when he lost his job. As a result, he also lost his
home, not computer lessons. But computer
apartment and became homeless.
programming is a very useful skill. You need it
Patrick was walking to work when he first saw Leo. to build apps, websites or video games, for
After that, he walked past him every day for five example.
months. Then one day he decided to help him. He
And only a few months after he started his
offered Leo two options: $100 in cash or free
lessons, Leo built and launched his own app to
lessons in writing computer code. Leo chose the
encourage people to share car rides and reduce
lessons.
pollution. It’s called Trees for Cars. Why don’t
Patrick taught Leo every day for two months. He you download it?
bought him a second-hand laptop and three books
on Java – the language of computers. Leo used
computers at school but he didn’t know much
about them. At first, he couldn’t send Patrick
emails because he didn’t have an email address.
All Clear Facts

1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Nick D’Aloisio is a teenager who
builds apps. In 2013, when he was just
1 Who are the two people in the photo? 17, he sold his app, Summly, to Yahoo
2 What are their jobs? for more than 20 million euros!
2 1.16
Read and listen. Check your answers to exercise 1.
3 Read the text again. Correct these 4 Answer the questions in your notebook.
sentences in your notebook.
1 Where did Leo work before he became
1 Leo lost his job because he became homeless?
homeless. 2 How often did Patrick agree to teach
2 Patrick decided to help Leo the first day Leo?
he saw him. 3 Why did some people make negative
3 Patrick offered Leo money, a laptop and comments?
computer lessons. 4 What can you use computer code for?
4 Patrick bought Leo a new computer. 5 How did Leo first use his new skill?
5 Leo found programming boring and he
learnt slowly.
Unit 2 19
Grammar
Past simple 3 Copy and complete the table with the past
simple form of the verbs in the box.
was / were
Affirmative She was buy charge decide realize
Negative We weren’t see take think want
Interrogative Were you …? Regular Irregular
want – wanted take – took
1 Complete the questions with was or
were.
4 Sam made a list of things to do yesterday.
Were your friends online yesterday? Look at the list and write sentences about
1 What … your favourite birthday what he did / didn’t do in your notebook.
present last year?
He didn’t send three emails.
2 Where … you on Saturday afternoon?
3 … your friends at school yesterday? ✗ send three emails
4 … your mobile phone a gift from your ✓ upload some photos
parents? ✓ buy a memory stick
5 … you tired last night? ✗ play a new computer game
6 … Jim at the concert last night? ✓ upload a video to my blog
✗ post comments on my blog
2 Match answers a–f with questions 1–6
in exercise 1.
5 Write six questions about last weekend in
a) No, they weren’t. It was Sunday. your notebook. Use the ideas in the box or
b) No, it wasn’t. your own ideas.
c) Yes, I was.
d) I was at the shopping centre. buy something go to the park / cinema
e) It was my mp3 player. listen to music meet your friends
f) Yes, he was. play football / basketball read watch TV
Did you watch TV last weekend?
Regular verbs
Affirmative She played 6 I n pairs, ask and answer your
Negative We didn’t play questions in exercise 5.
Interrogative Did you play …?
7 Complete the text with the past simple
form of the verbs in brackets.
All Clear Rules www.historyoftheweb.com
Remember to check if verbs are regular or THE WORLD WIDE WEB
irregular in the past. There are no spelling Twenty years ago, there (1)… (not be) a World
rules for irregular verbs, so look at the Wide Web and there (2)… (not be) any social
Irregular verbs list on p110 if you aren’t sure. networking sites. By 1994, there (3)… (be)
about a hundred big websites, but today there
are millions! The web (4)… (develop) when
search engines such as Google (5)… (become)
available and more people (6)… (get) high-
speed broadband in their homes. Then, the
development of wi-fi and the increase in the
use of smartphones (7)… (make) the internet
accessible almost anywhere. Today, it’s hard to
imagine life without the web.
20
Past continuous 9 Write complete questions in your notebook
about what was happening when Sara arrived.
Affirmative She was reading
Miguel / write an email / when Sara arrived?
Negative We weren’t reading
Was Miguel writing an email when Sara arrived?
Interrogative Were you reading …?
1 her parents / prepare a meal / when she
arrived?
All Clear Rules 2 Elisa / chat online / when Sara arrived?
We use the past continuous to talk 3 Elisa / listen to music / when she arrived?
about an action in progress in the past. 4 Nahuel / use the computer / when Sara
arrived?
5 Jimmy and Johnny / sleep / when she arrived?
8 Complete the sentences with
the past continuous form of 10 I n pairs, ask and answer the questions in
the verbs in brackets. exercise 9.
When Sara arrived home …
1 her brother Miguel … (not write) 11 Complete the text with the past continuous
form of the verbs in brackets.
an email, he … (watch) TV.
2 her parents … (look) at a A robber took Dave’s laptop when he
holiday website, they … was sleeping (sleep). Two days later, when Dave
(not prepare) a meal. (1)
… (search) for a new laptop on the internet,
3 her sister Elisa … (not listen) he saw a laptop similar to his old one. Dave
to music on her mp3 player, went to the seller’s house to buy it. As he
she … (chat) online. (2)
… (look) at the laptop, he realized it was his!
4 her friend Nahuel … (wait) When the seller (3)… (not look), Dave sent a
for her, he … (not use) the message to the police. When the police arrived,
computer. Dave (4)… (talk) to the seller. The police found
5 the cats Jimmy and Johnny more of Dave’s things when they (5)… (search)
… (sleep), they … (not eating). the house.
All Clear
Before mobile phones, there (1)was / were two-way
Grammar
radios in taxis, police cars and ambulances, but users 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(2)
can’t / couldn’t connect to the phone network. In
1910, Lars Ericsson (3)installed / was installing a phone
in his car. He (4)stopped / was stopping at different
places while he (5)travelled / was travelling across
the country. Then he (6)connected / was connecting
his phone to the national telephone network with
long wires. The first real mobile phone system
(7)
started / was starting in 1956, in Sweden. Today,
people (8)use / are using mobile phones every day.
13 1.17

Vocabulary
Jobs
1 1.18
actor • artist • builder • doctor • electrician • firefighter • journalist • lab technician • lawyer •
police officer • politician • postal worker • researcher • scientist
2 Match pictures 1–14 with the jobs in exercise 1.
2 3 4 5
1
8
6 7 9
10
12
11 13 14
3 Complete the sentences with jobs from exercise 1.

1 A … is someone who treats people who are ill.
2 A … uses special equipment or machines in a laboratory.
3 A … collects and delivers letters and parcels.
4 Picasso was an … . He painted many pictures.
5 A … collects information and analyses it.
6 A … studies law and advises people on legal matters.
4 What work-related verbs and nouns can you find in the jobs above?
builder build (verb) artist art (noun)
Listening
5 1.19
Listen to the news story. How did Martin Jones become blind?
6 Listen again and answer the questions in your notebook.

1 What was Martin’s job?
2 How long was he blind for?
3 What part of Martin’s body did doctors implant in his eye?
4 Who was the first person Martin saw?
5 Do scientists think they can use this technology for other blind people?
22
Speaking
Making requests and offers (1) / Shopping for electronic gadgets
1 1.20
Listen to the dialogue. Why doesn’t Carla buy the second phone?
Model Dialogue
Shop assistant
Carla
Can I help you?
Yes, I’m looking for a new
This one’s on special offer. It’s £75. smartphone.
What features has it got?
It’s got an HD video camera, a music player
and 4G mobile internet. Right. What about that one over there?
Can I see it?
Sure. This is a really good one.
How much is it?
It’s £200. Oh! That’s too expensive for me. OK, I’ll
take the other one.
That’s £75 then, please.
Here you are. Thanks. Bye.
Speaking Task
1 Talk to a shop assistant
Read the information and choose a gadget.
Gadgets 128
offer
smartphone tablet smartwatch camera

a 3D screen, an HD a music player, front and back a music player control, wi-fi, digital zoom, face
camera, 4G mobile internet cameras, an HD video camera bluetooth, a touch screen detection
£450 £350 £120 £95 £75
2 Prepare a dialogue 3 Speak

Look at the Model Dialogue and In pairs, practise your dialogue.
change the words in blue.
Can I help you? Yes, I’m looking for a new smartphone.
Useful Language
Unit 2 23
Writing
A thank you letter
1 1.21
1 Why didn’t Luciana write before?
2 What was her birthday present from her aunt and uncle?
3 What can Luciana do with her present?
4 How did she celebrate her birthday?
Model Text
Dear Aunty Laura and Uncle Harry,
How are you? I hope you’re well. I’m very busy at school, so
that’s why I didn’t write before!
Thanks very much for the smartwatch. It was exactly what I wanted!
I use it all the time. I can read texts and emails, take photos and make phone calls. I really like it.
I had a great birthday. When I arrived home from school, my friends were waiting with
pizza and a birthday cake. I wasn’t expecting it, so it was a lovely surprise! Then we all went
to the cinema.
Hope to see you soon.
Lots of love,
Luciana
2 Look at the All Clear Tips. Copy the phrases into

your notebook under the following headings. Writing Task
Beginning a letter Ending a letter 1 Plan
Saying thank you Make notes for a thank you letter
and include:
All Clear Tips Beginning: who you are writing to,

why you didn’t write before
Thank you letters
Say thank you: describe the present
I’m writing to thank you for … you received and explain why you
It was exactly what I wanted! like it
Lots of love,
Ending: describe what you did on
Thanks a lot / very much for my present.
How are you? I hope you’re well. your birthday
All the best, 2 Write
I really like it / them. Use the Model Text, your notes
Hope to see you soon. and this structure:
Paragraph 1: Beginning
3 Match 1–5 with a–e to make expressions for Paragraph 2: Say thank you
a thank you letter. Paragraph 3: Ending
1 I’m writing a) Oscar
3 Check
2 Thanks a lot for b)
exactly what I wanted.
past simple, past continuous
3 A camera is c) see you soon.
IT activities
4 Hope to d) my new headphones.
expressions for thank you letters
5 Lots of love, e) to thank you for my
smartphone.
24
Culture Reading
Famous inventions and inventors

Alexander Graham Bell The first telephone
Alexander Graham Bell Bell started to develop a machine to transmit the human
(1842–1922) was a scientist, voice while he was teaching in Boston in the 1870s. The
inventor and engineer. He was born result? The telephone. The first phone call was to his
in Scotland, but he moved to assistant, Thomas Watson, on 10th March 1876. The first
Canada and then the USA when he words? ‘Watson. Come here. I want to see you.’ The Bell
was a young man. Bell produced his Telephone Company began in 1877 and by 1886 over
first invention when he was just 12 150,000 people in America had telephones.
and continued to invent things all
Today
his life.
There are approximately
Interest in sound 1.14 billion landline phone
Bell’s mother became deaf when he subscriptions in the world and
was a child and this started his nearly 7 billion mobile phone
interest in sound. He worked with subscriptions – 95.5% of the
deaf students for many years and world’s population! In the
started designing machines to UK, 93% of people have a
transmit sound as early as 1863. mobile phone, and in the USA
it’s 90%.
Phonetics
Word stress
a Copy and complete the table with the words
in the box.
1.22
ead and listen. Then
R
answer the questions in engineer inventor landline mobile
your notebook. phone population scientist sound
1 Where was Bell born?
1 syllable 2 syllables 3 syllables 4 syllables
2 When did he produce his
engineer
first invention?
3 Why did he become
b 1.23
Listen and mark the stress.
interested in sound?
4 Where did he develop the
c 1.24
Listen to the words and add them to the
first telephone? table. Then mark the stressed syllable.
5 How many people in
blog data
digital electrician
America had telephones
invention online scan technology
by 1886?
Unit 2 25
Objectives
3 Incredible
stories
Vocabulary Prepositions of movement;
-ed / -ing adjectives
Grammar Past tenses: past simple and past
continuous; when and while;
present and past tenses
Speaking Telling anecdotes
Vocabulary Writing A description of an accident
Prepositions of movement
1 1.25
across • along • away from • down • into • out of • over • round • through • towards • under • up
2 3
1 4
5 6
8
7
9
10 11 12
2 Which prepositions are opposites? In pairs, write them in your notebook.

James Bond is always very active in his films. He often jumps (1)out of / towards
aeroplanes and parachutes (2)over / down to the ground, and then he runs (3)up / under
to the top of mountains, dives (4)into / out of rivers and then swims (5)under / over the
water to the other side. He jumps (6)into / over obstacles and moves (7)towards / over
his objective. After that, he drives (8)into / away from his enemies in his car!
4 1.26
Listen to William, Fatima and Charlotte. What are their superstitions?
5 In pairs, ask and answer the question.

Have you got any superstitions?
I never walk under ladders!
26
Reading Word Check
stick out precious emeralds rubies owner
True stories
A B
A surprising A lucky
discovery escape
In 2013, a French mountaineer made a Joan Murray loves adventure and she often
surprising discovery while he was climbing goes skydiving. She doesn’t normally have
Mont Blanc in Switzerland. He was walking any problems, but one day she had a bad
across a glacier near the top of the mountain experience. She was falling towards the
when he saw a metal box sticking out of the ground at about 200km per hour, when her
snow and ice. The box contained about 100 main parachute didn’t open.
precious stones including emeralds and At the last moment, her emergency parachute
rubies. It probably came from one of two Air opened just 210 metres from the ground. Joan
India planes that crashed into the mountain in crashed into a field and her heart stopped.
1950 and 1966. Luckily, she fell onto a mound of fire ants. The
The climber carried the box down the ants climbed up her clothes and bit her.
mountain and took it to the police. ‘The Doctors believe the bites from the ants started
climber was very honest,’ said the police. her heart again. Joan was in hospital for two
Later, experts valued the stones at about weeks, but then she recovered completely.
€200,000. The Indian authorities are trying to The accident didn’t stop Joan – she started
find the owner of the box or their family. skydiving again a year later.
Mont Blanc is a beautiful mountain, but it is
also very dangerous. Now the authorities
are worried about inexperienced climbers
going up to look for ‘treasure’ buried under
the snow.
1 Look at the words below. Do they relate to

text A or B, or both? All Clear Facts
Mont Blanc is the high
est mountain
accident ant crash skydive treasure in Europe. It is 4,810m
high.
2 1.27
Read and listen. Check your answers to exercise 1.
3 Read text A again. Write true or false in your notebook. Copy the text that shows your answers.
1 The climber found the box at the bottom of the mountain.
2 The police know which plane it came from.
3 The climber gave the box to the owner.
4 The Indian authorities didn’t know who owned the box.
5 The authorities are worried about people getting into problems on Mont Blanc.
4 Order the events from text B and write them in your notebook.
a) Joan’s heart stopped. e) Joan’s parachute didn’t open.
b) Joan went skydiving. 1 f) Joan started skydiving again.
c) Joan went to hospital and recovered. g) Joan fell onto a mound of ants.
d) The fire ants bit Joan.
Unit 3 27
Grammar
Past tenses 3 Look at the sentences in the table
and answer the questions in your
Past simple and past continuous notebook.
Joan was parachuting down when her 1 Which action was in progress?
parachute didn’t open. 2 Which action interrupted the action
Joan crashed into the ground and her heart in progress?
stopped.
3 Which tense usually comes after while?
4 Which tense usually comes after when?
All Clear Rules 4 Complete the sentences with the
We use the past continuous to describe correct form of the verbs in brackets.
actions in progress in the past, sometimes
He was walking (walk) in the forest when
interrupted by other actions. We use the
the dog appeared (appear).
past simple to describe completed actions
in the past. 1 While the children … (play), they
… (see) a snake.
1 Write the correct words in your notebook. 2 While they … (sail) along the coast,
there … (be) a storm.
Last week, Ben Hawkins
3 The plane … (fly) over the area when
(1)
went / was going to Scout Camp. One
the pilot … (see) the explorers.
day, he (2)did / was doing a survival activity
4 When we … (arrive), the rescuers
in the woods when he (3)got / was getting
… (look) for the lost girl.
lost. Ben (4)survived / was surviving for four
5 I … (have) an accident while
days alone in the woods! When rescuers
I … (cycle) home.
finally (5)found / were finding Ben, he
6 I … (walk) through the park when
(6)
hid / was hiding in the trees because he
you … (phone) me.
(7)
didn’t recognize / wasn’t recognizing
them! 5 Write complete questions in your
notebook using the past simple or
2 Answer the questions about the text past continuous form of the verbs.
in exercise 1. Write answers in your
notebook. What time / you / go to bed / last night?
What time did you go to bed last night?
1 Where did Ben go last summer?
1 What / you / do / at 5 pm yesterday?
2 What happened when he was doing a
2 What / you and your friends / do / when
survival activity?
/ the English teacher / arrive / today?
3 How many days did he survive alone?
3 you / use / a dictionary / while / you
4 What was Ben doing when rescuers
/ do / your English homework / last
found him?
night?
5 Why was Ben hiding?
4 What / you / watch / on TV / last night?
when and while 6 I n pairs, ask and answer the
Past simple and past continuous, when and questions in exercise 5.
while What time did you go to bed last night?
He was running away when the bear attacked.
I went to bed at 11 pm last night.
When the bear attacked, he was running away.
The bear attacked while he was running away.
While he was running away, the bear attacked.
28
Present and past tenses 9 In pairs, ask and answer the
questions in exercise 8.
Present and past tenses
1 Every year we go to the mountains. 10 Complete the text with the
2 We’re playing tennis in Salou at the moment. correct form of the verbs in
3 He was climbing up the mountain when he brackets.
saw a box in the snow.
Vanessa Horrocks was watching
4 He carried the box down the mountain. (watch) TV in her apartment when
she (1)… (hear) a strange noise in
7 Look at sentences 1–4 above and match the the bathroom. She (2)… (go) to
verbs in bold with uses a–d. Write them in your the bathroom and she (3)… (see) a
notebook.
two-metre python in the toilet. The
a) present simple for habits snake (4)… (try) to get out of the
b) present continuous for an action happening now toilet, so she (5)… (run) out of the
c) past simple for a completed action in the past bathroom. Then she (6)… (call) Fred,
d) past continuous for an action in progress in the building manager, and he (7)…
the past (catch) the snake. Now, Vanessa
often (8)… (feel) nervous when she
8 Write the correct words in your notebook. (9)
… (use) her bathroom.
1 What do you usually do / are you usually Building manager Fred Murray
doing on your birthday? said: ‘Pet pythons sometimes (10)…
2 How often are you going / do you go swimming? (escape) from their owners. We
3 What do you do / did you do yesterday? (11)
… (look) for this python’s owner
4 What are you doing / were you doing when now. At the moment, it (12)… (live)
the teacher arrived in class? in a cage in my flat.’
5 What are you thinking / do you think
about now?
All Clear
Todd Endris often (1)goes / is going surfing in his
Grammar
free time. One day last summer an enormous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
white shark (2)attacked / was attacking him
while he (3)is surfing / was surfing at Marina Beach.
Todd (4)hit / was hitting the shark on the nose, but it
(5)
didn’t release / wasn’t releasing him. He (6)got / was getting
desperate when suddenly six dolphins attacked the shark
and Todd escaped. Two surfers helped Todd to the beach and
(7)
call / called an ambulance. Todd (8)was / were in hospital
for a long time, but he recovered. After a shark attack most
people are frightened and (9)don’t / didn’t want to go surfing
again, but not Todd. What (10)does he do / is he doing at the
moment? Surfing, of course!
12 1.28

Vocabulary
-ed / -ing adjectives
1 1.29
annoyed / annoying • bored / boring • excited / exciting • frightened / frightening •
interested / interesting • surprised / surprising • tired / tiring • worried / worrying
2 Look at the example and complete the rules with -ed or -ing.
The couple are frightened because the forest is frightening.
a) We use … adjectives to describe how we feel.
b) We use … adjectives to describe the thing or person that causes the feeling.
3 Write the correct word in your notebook.

1 John is bored / boring because the film is bored / boring.
2 The results of the experiments are very surprised / surprising. The scientists are worried /
worrying.
3 I’m annoyed / annoying because my friend is late – again! It’s very annoyed / annoying
when people are always late.
4 We’re tired / tiring because it’s very late, but the documentary is really interested / interesting.
Listening
4 1.30
Look at the pictures and answer the questions in your notebook. Then listen and
check your answers.
1 What do you think the people were doing?

2 What do you think happened?
5 Listen again and answer the questions. Write short answers in your notebook.
1 Why do Keith and Jennifer Lee go to the mountains every year?
2 What happened on the way home?
3 Why didn’t they use their phones?
4 How many nights did they spend in their car?
5 Who did they phone on the way home?
6 Are they planning to go again next year?
30
Speaking
Telling anecdotes / Talking with friends
1 1.31
Listen to the dialogue. What three things is the head torch useful for?
Model Dialogue
Sarah
Connor
What’s that on your head?
A new fashion accessory? No, it’s a head torch. It’s really
useful.
Really? What for?
For one thing, it’s good for
running or cycling in the dark.
In fact, it’s great for lots of things,
as I discovered last year when I was camping.
Why? What happened?
I was cooking in the dark when two
spiders fell into the spaghetti. As you can
imagine, it was quite annoying. But thanks
That was lucky! to my head torch I didn’t eat them!
Speaking Task
1 Tell a friend a similar anecdote
First, choose one of the situations below.
last week / go home / walk along road / last summer / go camping / try to put up
my keys / fall down a drain / annoying / tent / drop my hammer / frustrating / put
not lose them up tent
Look at the Model Dialogue and change the Useful Language
words in blue. Telling anecdotes
For one thing, it’s good for running or
3 Speak cycling in the dark.
In pairs, practise your dialogue. In fact, it’s great for lots of things, as I
What’s that? A new fashion accessory? discovered last year when I was camping.
As you can imagine, it was quite annoying.
No, it’s a head torch. It’s really useful. But thanks to my head torch …
Unit 3 31
Writing
A description of an accident
1 1.32
Read the Model Text and listen. Order the events in your notebook.
a) the reporter arrived b) the car crashed c) it started raining
Model Text
Last Saturday evening, I was walking home from the
sports centre with my friend Zoe. It was raining hard and
very windy. We were a bit frightened.
Suddenly, a big branch fell from a tree onto the road! We
were trying to move it when a car appeared. The driver
didn’t see the branch and crashed into it. I ran towards
the car. Meanwhile, Zoe called an ambulance. The driver
wasn’t conscious although he was breathing.
The ambulance took the man to hospital. Then, a
reporter arrived as we were leaving. We told her about
the accident and the next day our story appeared in the
newspaper – it was really exciting!
2 Look at the All Clear Tips and translate Writing Task

the words in bold. Then find examples
in the Model Text. 1 Plan
Make notes about an imaginary or real
All Clear Tips accident and include:
Background: time, place, people,
Time expressions
weather, your feelings
We were walking along the road. Suddenly, Description: what happened, how and why
we heard a loud noise.
Consequences: what happened in the
The police moved people and evacuated the
end, your feelings
area. Meanwhile, the firefighters tried to put
out the fire.
We called an ambulance. Then, we helped the 2 Write
accident victims. Use the Model Text, your notes and this
structure:
3 Complete the sentences with suddenly, Paragraph 1: Background

meanwhile or then. Paragraph 2: Description
Paragraph 3: Consequences
1 The rescuers carried the boy down the
mountain. …, they took him to hospital.
2 We were walking across the ice. …, we
3 Check
heard a loud crack! p ast simple and past continuous,
3 I started building a fire. …, my friends when and while
looked for food. p repositions of movement, -ed / -ing
4 I was surfing in the sea. …, I saw adjectives
an enormous shark! t ime expressions: suddenly, meanwhile
5 Jake was trying to find the camp. …, and then
his friends were looking for him.
32
Culture Reading
America Asia Africa Australasia Europe
History then and now

Famous writers and books
The first English novel?
Robinson Crusoe is a novel by Daniel Defoe, published
in 1719. It is a fictional story about a man who spends
28 years on a remote tropical island after his ship sinks.
Many people think that Robinson Crusoe is the first
novel in English. There are many film versions of the
book.
Daniel Defoe (c1659–1731)
Defoe was an English writer and journalist. He wrote
hundreds of books on different topics, including
politics, crime and psychology. He is famous for
Robinson Crusoe and for making novels popular in
Britain.
Defoe’s inspiration
Alexander Selkirk was a Scottish sailor who lived on an
island near Chile for four years. After his rescue, his
story was in British newspapers. Defoe probably got the
idea for his story after reading about Selkirk.
Exploration and discovery
In the 18th century, Europeans travelled all over the
world exploring its oceans and continents. They began
to produce much more accurate maps and this helped
to increase trade. Their expeditions helped to expand
scientific knowledge in areas such as geography,
astronomy, anthropology and mathematics.
Phonetics
1.33
questions in your notebook. Sentence stress
1 Why is Robinson Crusoe an important a L isten and repeat the sentences.
1.34
book? Which words are stressed?
2 Who was Daniel Defoe and why is he 1 Defoe was an English writer.
famous? 2 They were travelling to America.
3 Who was Alexander Selkirk? 3 He wasn’t an explorer.
4 What did the Europeans’ expeditions 4 Was he a writer?
help to develop?
b 1.35
Listen and repeat the sentences.
Unit 3 33
Rev ision Units 1–3
bulary
Voca
Free-time activities Jobs
Character adjectives Prepositions
IT activities -ed / -ing adjectives
1 Work with a partner to complete the sentences in your notebook. Who can finish first?
1 Do you like m… models?
2 I’m reading a book about the Arctic. It’s really i… .
3 Can I use your phone? I need to s… a text message.
4 On Saturdays, I play t… with my friend Lisa.
5 When I see something interesting, I like to take a p… of it.
6 We sailed r… the Island yesterday. It was great!
7 The river is very wide. We can’t swim a… it.
8 It’s my brother’s birthday tomorrow. He’s really e… .
9 Manu likes exploring the mountains. He’s really a… .
10 My mum works for the emergency services. She’s a firef… .
Grammar Gerunds
Present simple Past simple
Adverbs of frequency Past continuous
Present continuous when and while
Time expressions
Past simple and past continuous
Present simple and present 3 Write the correct words in your notebook.
continuous 1 I was going / went to the USA for the
first time in 2014.
2 I’m sorry, I didn’t recognize /
1 He hardly ever chats / is hardly ever wasn’t recognizing you.
chatting online. 3 What were you doing / did you do at
2 Are you doing / Do you do a sport now? 8 pm last night?
3 I don’t learn / ’m not learning Chinese at 4 We watched / were watching that
the moment. film on DVD last year.
4 I play / ’m playing tennis twice a week. 5 Did you buy / Were you buying any
souvenirs on holiday?
Past simple
when and while
2 Complete the sentences with the correct
form of the verbs in the box. 4 Complete the sentences with the
download go meet not see not visit
1 She … (have) dinner when I … (arrive).
1 I … the new Lorde song onto my tablet 2 … you … (watch) TV when I … (call)
yesterday. you last night?
2 … you … to the beach last weekend? 3 While I … (chat) online, my computer
3 We … the Alhambra when we were in … (crash).
Granada. 4 I … (surf ) in the ocean when I … (see)
4 She … her friends in the shopping centre. a jellyfish.
5 I … the last X-Men film at the cinema. 5 While Jenna … (travel) in Italy, she …
34 (not speak) Italian.
Cultural Awareness:
Natural landmarks
HOME  ABOUT ME ;-)  POSTS  PHOTOS
NINA’S BLOG
ME&NATURE
Bulgaria, Trekking in Rhodope Mountains
Hi again, friends! Today I am writing my blog from the Rhodope
Mountains in the south of Bulgaria. It’s the oldest mountain range
in Bulgaria and there are wonderful nature reserves and waterfalls
to see here too. The eco-trails also make it the perfect area for
hiking. When you are tired, you can go to a traditional hut for food
or you can even sleep there at night! You can also visit Yagodinska
cave – it’s very, very old and 10 kilometres long. But don’t go there
if you are scared of bats - there are more bats than tourists :-)
UK, Cycling in the Lake District

Hello again! I’m writing to you from the Lake District in England.
I’m on an eco-cycling tour with my dad and we’re riding our bikes
all over this beautiful part of the UK. There are cycle trails
everywhere – so cycling is easy. Dad loves it here because he can
go fishing and see some natural landmarks. But we’re not here only
for fun. Tomorrow there is a presentation in our campsite. We are
going to learn about biosecurity and the things we can do to help
save the planet. The lakes and the wildlife here are amazing – but
I’m a little sad that there’s no Loch Ness monsters here ;-)
1 Read Nina’s blog posts and say where you can do these things. Write (R) for Rhodope
Mountains, write (L) for the Lake District:
1 go inside a big cave
2 learn about saving the planet
3 see waterfalls
4 catch fish
5 visit natural landmarks
6 sleep in a traditional hut
2 Read the blog posts again, and then discuss with a partner:
1 Which place is perfect for hiking? Why?
2 Why is cycling easy in the Lake District?
3 Which place do you want to visit? Why?
Units 1–3 35
Cultural Awareness:
Media
1 How much do you know about media in Britain? Do the quiz.
1 In 2012, approximately how many newspapers were

sold in the UK every day?
a over 20 million
b over five million
c over ten million
2 How many copies of The Times are sold every day?
a 400,000
b 400
c 40,000
3 What do over 75% of British households have?

a mobile phones
b websites
c personal computers
4 What does BBC stand for?
a British Baking Competition
b British Badminton Channel
c British Broadcasting Corporation
5 When was the BBC founded?
a 1927
b 1936
c 1930
6 Everyone who owns a TV must buy a … .

a computer
b licence
c DVD player
WATCH
2 W
atch the documentary about media and
answer the questions.
1 How many newspapers were sold in the UK
in 2012?
2 What year was The Times first published?
3 What is the difference between the BBC
and other TV and radio channels?
1:19
36
1:12 1:17 1:37 1:37
Digital Competence:
A digital wall
Read the task and look at the example wall. Find an example of:
a fact about the history of television a photo of an old television

a video clip showing old adverts a link to another page
The first TV commercial appeared in

the USA in 1941.
Watch the video!
Ana, today DID YOU KNOW
My favourite programme is BBC stands for British Broadcasting
The Simpsons! Click on this clip, Homer Corporation. There are no adverts on
goes to the gym – it’s really funny! BBC channels.
David, 2 days ago Miguel, 4 days ago
Many people helped to invent the
television – it wasn’t just one person. Paul
Gottlieb Nipkow, John Logie Baird and
Charles Francis Jenkins all helped.
Ana, 2 days ago
On 25th March 1925, the Scottish inventor
John Logie Baird gave the first public
demonstration of the television. It was in a
shop in London!
David, 4 days ago
The first televisions were black and white.
Colour television arrived in 1953.
Ana, 4 days ago
TASK Create a digital wall. Follow the steps below.
Step 1 Step 2 Find Step 3 Put Step 4 Show Step 5 Read
Choose a topic: information, the information your wall to your your classmates’
television, radio videos and on your wall. classmates. Ask walls and add
or magazines. photos about Make it look them to add your information.
your topic. attractive. information! Who has the best
wall?
37
1:37 1:19 1:23 1:54
Objectives
Fashion
4 world
Vocabulary Style adjectives; phrasal verbs: clothes
Grammar Relative clauses; some / any / no
compounds; the future
Speaking Complimenting people; giving
and responding to compliments
Writing A comparison; linkers of contrast
Vocabulary
Style adjectives
1 1.36
Listen and repeat the adjectives. Use them to describe the clothes
in pictures 1–10.
casual • colourful • comfortable • conventional • fashionable • formal • glamorous •
impractical • loose • old-fashioned • sporty • tight • trendy
The trainers in 4 are very sporty.
3 4
2 5
1
9
7 8 10
6

My aunt loves shoes. She has lots of trainers which are all very (1) sporty / old-fashioned.
They’re also very (2) trendy / conventional because she always buys the latest styles. Her
favourite shoes are the high heels she wears on Saturday nights – they’re really (3) casual /
glamorous, but so (4) sporty / impractical. I tried them on and I couldn’t walk! She’s a
business person, so she also has a lot of very (5) formal / casual shoes. She has to stand up
a lot, so her work shoes are all very (6) comfortable / uncomfortable – they can’t be too
(7)
 conventional / tight. What is her business? She has a shoe shop, of course!
3 1.37
Listen to Adam and Beth. What style of shoes does Beth have?
Why does she like them?
4 In pairs, ask and answer questions about your favourite clothes and accessories.
What are your favourite shoes?
I love my red trainers – they are so comfortable!
38
Reading
Word Check
A fashion magazine sole heel upper
1 Read the text quickly. Put the pictures of shoes 1–6 in the order that they
are mentioned in the text.
FASHIONABLE FEET 1
Look at the people around fires – very practical for survival
you. Now look at their feet. situations! A Czech designer
What type of shoes are they made a pair of rectangular shoes
wearing? What do the shoes in 2013 when she was a student.
have in common? Are they the They have big platform soles
same colour? Are they the and tight uppers. The uppers are 2
same material? Do they have made from soft leather, so the
the same design? shoes are very comfortable.
The basic design of shoes has Perhaps you are looking for
not changed much since they something sporty. How about 3
were invented. Most shoes have some five-toe trainers? They
a sole, a heel and an upper (the look just like feet!
part that covers the foot). So, what shoe designs might be
However, creative designers fashionable in a few years? Here
have always found ways to are a few trends. Designers will 4
make shoes look different. use 3-D printers more and more
Let’s start with heels. Italy is to create and print 3-D shoes.
where designers created the They can be very flexible, so
famous stiletto in the 1950s, you can fold them and put them
which has a thin, pointed heel. It in your pocket. Another
5
is still a popular design. But company has made shoes that
heels don’t have to be thin to generate electricity while you
look different: an American walk. Soon, you might plug your
designer once created huge phone into your shoe! Others
heels filled with water and are experimenting with social 6
toy goldfish! media and have designed
trainers with a small
All Clear Facts
Designers do creative things
with soles and uppers, too. For screen and Wi-Fi internet
so you will be able to
example, hiking boots with soles Stuart Weitzman, a shoe designer,
that have compartments that tweet from your trainers!
once made a pair of crystal slippers
contain equipment for making
inspired by Cinderella. They were sold
for 1.6 million dollars.
2 1.38
ead and listen. Correct the false
R 3 What do you think about the
sentences in your notebook. shoes in the text? Answer the
questions with your opinions in
1 The basic design of shoes has changed a lot. your notebook.
2 Stilettos aren’t very popular today.
1 Which shoes are the most
3 You can put survival equipment in the heels
of hiking boots. impractical / practical?
2 Which are the most glamorous?
4 The rectangular platform shoes have loose
uppers. 3 Which look the most comfortable?
4 Which would you like to have?
5 The five-toe trainers look like human hands.
Unit 4 39
Grammar
Relative clauses some / any / no compounds
People The woman who / that lives in Things I want to buy something really nice.
that house owns a shop. Places I can’t go anywhere without my bag.
Things He wears trainers which / that People No one has a better shoe
look like human feet. collection than my brother.
Time She designed these platform
shoes in 2013 when she was a
design student. All Clear Rules
Place Italy is a country where they We use some and no compounds with
design clothes. affirmative verbs. We use any compounds
with negative verbs and in questions.
1 Noritake Tatehana is the man who / 4 Write the correct words in your notebook.
which designs shoes for Lady Gaga. 1 My uncle is in the USA. He’s staying
2 The 1950s are that / when stiletto somewhere / someone near New York.
shoes became fashionable. 2 No one / Nothing liked my new
3 The trainers which / when my brother trainers. I was really upset.
bought were really expensive. 3 I haven’t bought anything / anyone for
4 She’s the girl that / which I met at the party. my mum’s birthday.
5 London is that / where my cousin lives. 4 Do you know anything / anywhere
that sells English magazines?
2 Match 1–5 with a–e to make sentences. 5 Something / Someone phoned you
1 That’s the shop a) that cost you €100? while you were in the bath.
2 I’m the person b) where I bought 6 I’ve had nothing / nowhere to eat
3 Last week was my suit. today. I’m so hungry.
4 Is that the dress c) that emailed me
5 He’s the man last week. The future
d) who phoned you Present continuous
yesterday. We’re going hiking next weekend.
e) when I last saw him. be going to
I’m going to wear my new hiking boots.
3 Complete the sentences with who, It has snowed all week, so it’s going to be very cold.
which, where or when.
will and might
You’ve probably bought clothes from We’ll have a great time. We might need extra clothes.
H&M, but how much do you know about Present simple
the popular clothes shop? Read on to find Hurry up! The bus leaves in 5 minutes!
out more.
Erling Persson is the man (1) who started the 5 Look at the sentences in the table and
company. Västerås, in Sweden, is (2)… he match them with uses 1–5.
opened the first shop. 1947 is (3)… Persson 1 A future prediction
opened his first shop. There are now about 2 A future event based on present evidence
100,000 employees (4)… work for the 3 A definite arrangement
company. H&M employs many designers 4 A future intention
(5)
… work on the clothes. The things (6)… 5 A future possibility
the company sells include clothes, shoes 6 A future action based on a schedule
and cosmetics. or timetable
40
6 Write the correct words in your notebook. 7 Complete the sentences with the
correct future form of the verbs in
Jill Come on, Carla, which dress (1) will brackets.
you / are you going to buy? 1 What … you … (do) tonight?
Carla Oh, I don’t know. I (2) might / will I … (meet) Norma at the cinema.
buy the pink one, but I’m not sure. 2 Look at the clouds. It … (rain).
Jill Come on! We have to go, we (3) will 3 I think Mike … (be) a millionaire
meet / ’re meeting Ed at 6 pm. before he’s 30.
Carla OK. (4) I’ll get / I’m getting the 4 I don’t think I … (pass) my driving test.
green one. Wait, no – the pink one.
Jill Look, the shop (5) will / is going to 8 I n pairs, ask and answer the
close in a minute. We need to go! questions.
Carla OK. Let’s go. (6) I’m coming / I 1 Where do you think you’ll live when
might come back tomorrow with you’re older?
my sister, I can decide then. We’ve 2 What are you going to do when you
arranged to go shopping. leave school?
3 Who are you going to see this
weekend?
4 Are you doing anything special this
evening?
5 Who do you think will win the next
Champions League?
6 Where might you go on holiday
next year?
All Clear
9 Write the correct words in your notebook. Grammar
Karen Hi, Jamie. Cool jeans! Where (1) did you get / do 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
you get them from?
Jamie Thanks! They were a present.
Karen Really? Who (2) did give / gave them to you?
Jamie My grandma gave me the money and I (3) ’ve
bought / bought them.
Karen Your grandma is really generous.
Jamie Yeah, she (4) used to give / ’s given me a present
for my birthday but now she gives me money.
Karen  Did you have / Are you having a birthday
(5)
party?
Jamie No, I haven’t had it (6) already / yet . Don’t worry.
I (7) ’m going to / won’t invite you.
10 1.39

Vocabulary
Phrasal verbs: clothes
1 1.40
Listen and repeat the phrasal verbs. How do you say them in your language?
Separable: give away • pick out • pick up • put away • put on • take off • throw away • try on •
wear out
Inseparable: get into • go with • look for All Clear Tips
2 Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from exercise 1. Separable: the verb and the
preposition in phrasal verbs can
1 I don’t know what to wear. Can you … something … for me? be separated. The object can go
2 When my room’s untidy, my mum tells me to … my clothes … . in the middle.
3 It’s so hot in here. I’m going to … my jacket … . Inseparable: the verb and
4 Do you want this belt? I want to … it … . preposition must stay together.
5 It’s cold outside. … your coat … .
6 I can’t find any trainers I like! Can you help me to … some?
3 Rewrite the sentences in your notebook using five

of the verbs in exercise 1. Replace the words in bold.
I love the sales. I always find good bargains in the shops.
I love the sales. I always pick good bargains up in the shops.
1 This T-shirt is so old – I’m going to put it in the bin.
2 I like this jumper. I’m going to find out if it fits.
3 This jumper’s too small! I can’t fit into it.
4 Does this jacket look good with these trousers or with those
ones? They’re both black.
5 I’m not going to wear these shoes so often. I don’t want them
to deteriorate.
Listening
JERRY’S 16
TH
4 ead the invitation and listen to Anna
R
BIRTHDAY PARTY!
1.41
and Lucy. Which of these things do
they talk about?
their clothes Jerry’s birthday present Come and celebrate with

him at the best party ever!
transport Jerry’s friend Atlantis
WHEN: Saturday at 8 pm DRESS: cool
WHERE: Atlantis MUSIC: dance
5 Listen again and answer true or false in your
notebook.
1 The party is tomorrow night.
2 Anna and Lucy are both going to wear dresses.
3 Anna and Lucy have been to Atlantis before.
4 Atlantis has two dance floors.
5 Anna and Lucy are going to take the bus
to Atlantis.
42
Speaking
Complimenting people / Giving and responding to compliments
Model Dialogue
dialogue
Phil
Abigail
Hi, Abi.
Hi, Phil. Sorry I’m late!
Don’t worry. You look great.
Oh, thank you! So do you.
What a fantastic jacket. That style really suits you.
Do you think so?
Yeah, it’s really cool.
Thanks. I’m really pleased with it. I love
Oh thanks. I wasn’t sure about the style at first your new boots, by the way.
but now I like them.
I think they’re really trendy.
Thanks, I’m glad you like them.
You’ve got good taste!
1 1.42
L isten to the dialogue. What is 2 Listen again and repeat the dialogue.
Phil wearing?
Speaking
Speaking Task
Task
1 Give and respond to compliments on your clothes
Choose a piece of clothing to compliment or your own ideas.

Look at the Model Dialogue and change the words in blue.
3 Speak
In pairs, practise your dialogue.
What a fantastic hat! That style really suits you.

Do you think so?
Useful Language Giving and responding to compliments

Giving Responding
You look great. Oh, thank you!
What (a) fantastic boots (jacket)! Thanks. I’m really pleased with it / them.
I love your jeans. Do you think so?
It / They really suit(s) you. I’m glad you like it / them.
Unit 4 43
Writing
A comparison
1 1.43
1 Who wrote the comparison? 3 What is Sarah like?
2 Who did she write about? 4 How are Sarah and Imogen different?
Model Text
Brothers & sisters Our styles are completely different.
Sarah’s my older sister. She’s kind and While Sarah likes really colourful
funny, but she’s also quite adventurous. clothes which are pretty unusual, my
style is casual and sporty. I prefer to do
During the week, Sarah works in an sport at the weekend, whereas Sarah
office. She’s a typical accountant who loves looking for clothes with friends.
wears suits to work. She always looks
professional and conventional. Although we’re very different, we’ll
always be great friends and I love
But at the weekend, she’s a different her style.
person. She loves fashion and enjoys
picking out clothes at markets where By Imogen
they sell old-fashioned styles. She’s very Writing Task
creative and makes her own clothes
from anything she finds at the market! 1 Plan
Make notes about a comparison of a friend
or family member with you and include:
the words in bold into your language. Introduction: name, your relationship
Then find examples in the Model Text. (friend / sister / brother, etc.)
During the week: occupation,
All Clear Tips appearance, style
At the weekend: free time activities,
Linkers of contrast appearance, style
She’s kind and funny, but she’s also Comparison with you: your differences
quite adventurous! and similarities
Although we’re very different, we’ll Conclusion: summarize your relationship
always be great friends.
While Sarah likes really colourful 2 Write
clothes, my style is casual and sporty. Use the Model Text, your notes and this
I prefer to do sport, whereas Sarah structure:
loves looking for clothes. Paragraph 1: Introduction
Paragraph 2: During the week
3 Complete the sentences with linkers Paragraph 3: At the weekend
from the All Clear Tips. Paragraph 4: Comparison with you
1 I enjoy going to the theatre, … my Paragraph 5: Conclusion
boyfriend prefers the cinema. 3 Check
2 John is funny, … he’s also quite shy.
r elative clauses, some / any /
3 … I live in England, I really don’t like
no compounds, the future
cold weather!
style adjectives, phrasal verbs: clothes
4 … Joanna likes rock music, her sister
linkers of contrast
listens to classical music.
44
Culture Reading
&
Famous
DESIGNERS
Stella McCartney is one of the most

successful British designers of the last twenty
years. She has designed clothes for pop singers Campbell and Kate Moss, modelled her clothes.
and film stars. Her father is the musician, After the show, all her designs were bought by
Sir Paul McCartney, who was in The Beatles. a shop in London. In 2001, she started her own
business and today she has shops all over the
Although she had a rich and famous dad, her
world.
parents wanted their children to have a normal
childhood. Stella grew up on a small farm with STAR DESIGNS
her sisters and brother and they all went to the
local school. Her designs are very varied. Some are
glamorous, some are traditional and others are
FASHION BEGINNINGS sporty. She also launched a children’s collection
with Disney for the film Maleficent in 2014. But
Stella became interested in fashion when she
there is one thing the designs have in common:
was a teenager. She started designing and
Stella is a strict vegetarian and none of her
making clothes at home and, after leaving
designs use leather or fur.
school, she studied fashion in London. At her
first fashion show her friends, including Naomi
Phonetics
1.44
Read and listen. Then answer the /ʤ/ /tʃ/ /j/ /h/
questions in your notebook.
a Listen and repeat the words.
1 Who is Stella McCartney? 1.45
2 Where did Stella McCartney grow up? /ʤ/ jeans, teenager, soldier, DJ
3 When did she become interested in fashion? /tʃ/ children, cheaper, chair, check
4 Who modelled her clothes at her first show? /j/ yes, year, yellow, yesterday
5 Why doesn’t she use leather or fur in her /h/ have, had, her, home
designs?
b 1.46
Listen and repeat the
sentences.
Unit 4 45
Real-life Objectives
5 heroes
Vocabulary Fundraising ideas; make and do
Grammar Present perfect; ever, never, just,
already and yet; How long … ?
with for and since
Speaking Making requests and offers (2)
Writing A magazine article
Vocabulary
Fundraising ideas
1 2.01
collect money • do a sponsored swim • have a barbecue • have a bring and buy sale •
make a charity CD • organize a jumble sale • sell badges • sell cakes • sell raffle tickets • wash cars
2 3
1
4 6 9
8
5
7 10
2 Complete the text with words from exercise 1.

After Typhoon Haiyan struck the Philippines, lots of people from around the world
wanted to help. People collected money in the street and sold (1)… for people to eat.
Schoolchildren did (2)… walks and swims and washed (3)… to raise money. In the UK, one
charity shop organized (4)… with second-hand clothes from Victoria and David Beckham.
They raised a lot of money! In Canada, people had a (5)… and bought burgers for $5. In
many countries, pop stars worked together to make (6)… CDs. Everyone wanted to help.
3 2.02
Listen to Alex and Lucy. What fundraising idea do they choose for their class?
4 In pairs, think of three fundraising ideas to raise money for a school trip.
I think having a barbecue is a good idea because everyone likes burgers.
46
Reading Word Check
wooden hut deprived teamwork set up
An article
1 Read the text quickly and choose the best title.
a) How to build your own school b) Ideas for fundraising projects c) Two inspiring fundraisers
Maria Schonfeld
Maria Schonfeld is the
co-founder of a charity called
Akosia. The aim of Akosia is
to develop the creativity and
confidence of deprived
children around the world.
Have you ever noticed whenever there’s a natural They also learn about
disaster people respond by donating time and money? cooperation and teamwork.
But some people dedicate their lives to helping others. Akosia has organized a
Here are two examples. film-making project for children
in Ghana every year since
The Street Academy offers free 2009. It has set up similar
Felicity Marks education to children aged projects in Mexico and
Felicity Marks spent four 8–18, as well as books and Mongolia. The charity has
months teaching children at meals. But the building is a organized fundraising dinners,
The Street Academy school in small wooden hut and it has music festivals and sports
Accra, Ghana. She wanted to only got one classroom. The tournaments. It has also used
do more to help the city’s aim of the project is to build a platforms like Kickstarter to
children so she started a school with four rooms and collect money online.
charity called the Street better facilities.
Maria is passionate about
Academy Annexe Project. Her charity has organized helping children and believes
quiz nights and it has sold that the sky is the limit for
cakes and done sponsored Akosia!
walks and skydives. So far,
the school has bought the
land for the new building. All Clear Facts
When it has raised enough In the UK, Red Nose Day is an
money, it can start annual fundraising day. People
construction.
wear red noses and do something
funny to raise money for charity.
2 2.03
Read and listen. Write true or 3 Read the text again.
false in your notebook. Copy Answer the questions in your notebook.
the text that shows your answers.
1 How long was Felicity at the Street Academy
1 Felicity started her charity to help school?
to pay for a new building. 2 What do children receive at the Street
2 The school has started the Academy school?
construction of the new building. 3 What does the Street Academy school need?
3 Maria started Akosia on her own. 4 What do children learn on Akosia projects?
4 Maria is optimistic about the 5 Where has Akosia organized projects?
future of Akosia.
4 Make a list of all the fundraising ideas that
the text mentions in your notebook.
Unit 5 47
Grammar
Present perfect ever, never, just, already and yet
Affirmative She has collected Present perfect with ever, never, just,
Negative We haven’t collected already and yet
Interrogative Have you collected …? Have you ever done charity work?
Has she ever organized a sponsored swim?
I’ve never bought a charity CD.
1 Complete the sentences with the She’s never had a bring and buy sale.
present perfect form of the verbs in
brackets. Have you bought a charity T-shirt yet?
We’ve already sold two cakes for charity.
I‘ve done (do) lots of sponsored swims.
I’ve just raised £1,000.
1 My dad … (have) a barbecue for
charity in our garden. She hasn’t met any famous person yet.
2 We … (not organize) a jumble sale.
3 She … (sell) raffle tickets.
4 He … (make) a charity CD. All Clear Rules
5 I … (not sell) cakes for charity. We can use ever in questions and
never in negative sentences to talk
2 Write complete sentences with the about experiences.
affirmative or negative form of the I’ve never done a sponsored swim.
present perfect in your notebook.
My friends / have / lots of barbecues. ✓ 4 Write questions in your notebook. Use
My friends have had lots of barbecues. the present perfect and ever.
1 I / do / a sponsored swim. ✓
sell raffle tickets for charity
2 We / organize / a jumble sale. ✗
Have you ever sold raffle tickets for charity?
3 He / buy / a raffle ticket. ✗
1 collect money for charity
4 My brother / collect / second-hand
2 learn to play a musical instrument
books for a bring and buy sale. ✗
3 do a sponsored sports event
5 My mum / raise / £2,000 for charity. ✓
4 buy a charity badge
3 Complete the text with the present 5 meet a famous person
perfect form of the verbs in brackets. 6 wash cars for charity
Have you ever raised money for charity? I 5 I n pairs, ask and answer the
haven’t done (not do) anything before, but questions in exercise 4.
I really want to be a volunteer. My brother
(1)
… (organize) a raffle to raise money for 6 Write the correct words in your
cancer research and he (2)… (buy) lots of notebook.
charity badges. My sisters (3)… (make) 1 Have you … ridden a camel?
cakes and (4)… (sell) them outside school 2 She’s … been to New York.
to raise money for the Red Cross. I 3 Have you spoken to Chris … ?
(5)
… even … (not buy) a charity CD! 4 See you at 5 pm. I’ve … booked
I want to do a sponsored swim because the table.
I think it is a good way to raise money. 5 Steven is in London at the moment.
My brother and sisters (6)… (not collect) I’ve … talked to him.
money for an animal charity, so I want to 6 I haven’t read this book … .
raise money for the RSPCA.
48
ow long …? with
H 10 Write complete questions with How
long …? in your notebook.
for and since
you / be / at this school?
Present perfect with for and since How long have you been at this school?
How long has she worked at the school? 1 you / know / your best friend?
She’s worked at the school since 2013. 2 you / study / English?
She’s worked at the school for three years. 3 you / have / your mobile phone?
4 you / live / in your flat?
7 Look at the sentences in the table and 5 you and your friends / play / football?
complete the rules. Write the correct
words in your notebook. 11 I n pairs, ask and answer the
a) We use for / since with a period of time.
b) We use for / since with a point in time. How long have you been at this school?
8 Copy and complete the table with the I’ve been at this school
time expressions in the box. for two years.
2010 2 pm a long time a month

April I was born last night Saturday
this morning three weeks two hours 12 Complete the text using for or since.
My hero is my grandfather. He’s 65
for since
years old. He loves football and he has
three weeks 2010
watched every Arsenal game (1)… 1955.
He hasn’t missed a game (2)… the day
9 Complete the sentences with for or since. he got married – it was a Saturday. He’s
I’ve lived in Valencia since I was born. been married (3)… over 40 years and he
1 Rob’s been at home … two hours. and my grandma have lived with us (4)…
2 I haven’t played tennis … last August. five years. He loves music and he’s been
3 He hasn’t done a sponsored walk … a fan of jazz (5)… he was a teenager. He’s
he was 13. the coolest grandfather in the world.
4 My sister has known her best friend
… a long time.
All Clear
(1)
Do / Have you know someone you really admire? I do.
Grammar
My best friend, Jenny. We’ve known each other since we
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(2)
start / started primary school and we’ve been best friends (3)for / since
ten years. Jenny loves (4)help / helping other people. She (5)is raising /
has raised lots of money for charity in her life. She has washed cars and
(6)
sells / has sold cakes. I’ve done a sponsored swim with her to raise
money for Save the Children. We think it’s the (7)more / most important
charity in the world. The only thing Jenny has (8)never / ever done is a
sponsored walk, but she’s going to do one this summer. She’s fantastic!
14 2.04

Vocabulary
make and do
1 Look at the words and phrases. How 2 2.05
opy and complete the table
C
do you say them in Bulgarian? with the words in exercise 1 in
your notebook. Listen and
a decision • a mistake • charity work • repeat the words.
exercise • friends • homework • money •
nothing • someone a favour • someone happy • do make
someone laugh • your best charity work
3 Match pictures 1–5 with make or do and a phrase from exercise 1 in your notebook.
Which expressions are not in the pictures?
1 2 3 4 5
4 Complete the questions with the correct form of make or do.

Have you ever done any charity work?
1 What … you happy? 5 How often do you … exercise?
2 Which people … you laugh? 6 Have you ever … a difficult decision?
3 Have you ever … a mistake? 7 Where do you usually … your homework?
4 How often do you … someone a favour? 8 What’s the best way to … a lot of money?
Listening
5 2.06
Listen to the programme and answer the questions
in your notebook. Then check your answers.
1 Who is Selena Gomez?
2 What is her band called?
6 Listen again and answer the questions.

1 How long has Selena been famous?
2 Where is Island Dog?
3 What year did she become a UNICEF Goodwill
Ambassador?
4 What country did she visit first with UNICEF?
5 Who does she remember from her first visit? Why?
50
Speaking
Making requests and offers (2) / A fundraising event
1 2.07
Listen to the dialogue. How much money does Mr Moran offer Yasmin?
Model Dialogue
Mr Moran
Hello, Yasmin. Yasmin
Hi, Mr Moran. Do you have a minute?
Sure. What can I do for you?
Well, I’m raising money for charity.
Oh yes?
I’ve decided to do a sponsored walk for five miles.
Sounds fun.
Would you like to sponsor me?
Yes, OK. Which charity is it for?
Oxfam.
OK. I’ll give you £1 a mile.
Great. Thanks.
And when is it?
Next Saturday.
Well, good luck. Thanks, Mr Moran.
Speaking Task
1 Talk about a fundraising event
Choose one of the events below or use your own ideas.
Menu Notes Menu Notes

Event: organize a cake sale Event: do a 2-kilometre sponsored swim
Request: donate a cake Request: sponsor me
Charity: The Red Cross Charity: Doctors Without Borders
Offer: make a chocolate cake Offer: give €10 a km
When? on Thursday When? on Sunday
Look at the Model Dialogue and change Useful Language
the words in blue. Making requests and offers (2)
3 Speak Do you have a minute?
In pairs, practise your dialogue. Sure. What can I do for you?
Would you like to sponsor me?
What can I do for you? I’ll give you £1 a mile.
Well, I’m raising money for charity.
Unit 5 51
Writing
A magazine article
1 2.08
1 How have they raised money?
2 Why did they decide on this fundraising idea?
3 Which charity have the students raised money for?
4 Why did they choose this charity?
Model Text
Students from Highbury School have donated over £1,500
to charity. Organizer Harriet Jones said, ‘We all enjoy
cycling so we did a 10km sponsored cycle ride at the local
park to raise money.’ Parents and friends were at the park
to support the students.
The students have decided to donate the money to the
WWF to help endangered animals. Student Ben Davies
said, ‘We are supporting this charity because many of us
have studied endangered animals at school.’
Headteacher Marion Kemp said, ‘This school has done
charity work for years but we’ve never done a cycle ride
before. I hope it becomes an annual event because it has
been a real success.’
2 Look at the All Clear Tips and translate the Writing Task
rule. Then find examples in the text. Write
the rule in your notebook. 1 Plan
Make notes about a real or imaginary
All Clear Tips charity event and include:
Connectors of purpose: Introduction: the organizers, the

to + infinitive amount of money raised, description
of the event
We did a 10km sponsored cycle race to Description of charity: which charity,
raise money.
reasons for choosing it
We use to + infinitive to write sentences
showing purpose. Final comment: the success of the event,
any plans to repeat in the future
3 Rewrite the sentences to show purpose. 2 Write
I did a sponsored swim. I raised money for Use the Model Text, your notes and
Oxfam. this structure:
I did a sponsored swim to raise money for Oxfam. Paragraph 1: Introduction
1 I’m going to Rome. I’m visiting my cousin. Paragraph 2: Description of charity
2 Every day my sister goes to the sports Paragraph 3: Final comment
centre. She plays basketball.
3 Check
3 Andy went to the supermarket. He
bought some milk. present perfect, for and since
4 My best friend has sent me a text. She fundraising ideas, make and do
has invited me to her party. to + infinitive
52
Culture Reading
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Famous heroes and heroines
Download PDF Elizabeth Fry Her prison work
Elizabeth Fry is one of the most When she was in London, Elizabeth visited
Create a book
famous women in British history. Newgate Prison. There she met children
Print Version
All her life she worked to help the who were living in prison because they
poor, especially poor people who had no home. The prison was dirty and
were in prison. terrible. She was so shocked by her visit
that she went back with food and clothes
Her early life for the children. She started a school and
Elizabeth was born on 21st May taught their mothers to read.
1780 into a family with 11 other
siblings. Sadly, her mother died Fame
when Elizabeth was 12 years old Elizabeth’s work made her famous. In 1818,
and she had to look after her she became the first woman to talk to the
brothers and sisters. Elizabeth British parliament. Queen Victoria gave her
married Joseph Fry, a wealthy money. In 1840, she started a school for
banker, in 1800 and they went to nurses which helped change the
live in London. profession of nursing.
Phonetics
2.09
Read and listen. Then answer the Contractions
questions in your notebook.
1 Why is Elizabeth Fry famous? a 2.10
Listen and repeat.
2 What did her husband do? 1 Elizabeth’s a famous woman.
3 How did she help prisoners? 2 You haven’t finished your homework.
4 Why are 1818 and 1840 important 3 She hasn’t got a badge.
dates in Elizabeth Fry’s life? 4 He’s raised over €1,000.
b 2.11
Unit 5 53
Objectives
6 Amazing
journeys
Vocabulary Travel; extreme adjectives
Grammar Present perfect and past
simple; quantity
Speaking Talking about a journey
Writing A description of a journey
Vocabulary
Travel
1 2.12
arrive • buy a guidebook • buy souvenirs • come back home • get off a train • get on a train •
have adventures • meet people • pack a suitcase • plan a trip • send postcards • set off
1 5
2 3 4 6
8 9 12
7 11
10

Hi Sarah,
We’re in Italy and it’s really exciting! As usual, I (1)packed / got on my suitcase at
the last minute. We (2)set off / got on from home on Sunday morning and we
(3)
bought / planned a guidebook at the airport. We (4)arrived / set off in Rome in the
afternoon. Suzy and I have (5)met / had lots of adventures. On the first day, we (6)met
/ sent some Spanish boys at the hotel and we went to the Colosseum with them
today. At the moment, we’re (7)getting off / planning a trip to Naples. I’ve taken
lots of photos to show you when we (8)get off / come back home next week. I’ve
(9)
bought / had you a great souvenir – a Roma football shirt!
Kate
3 2.13
Listen to Zoe and Chas. What souvenirs have they bought?
4 In pairs, ask and answer questions about travelling.
Have you ever bought any souvenirs?

Yes, I bought a keyring in Paris.
54
Reading Word Check
wheelchair hitchhike freedom
A personal profile
1 Read the text quickly. In what ways do you think Albert isn’t a typical young man?
2 2.14
Read and listen. Check your answer to exercise 1.
Search
Home About Photos Books Films
IT'S A SMALL WORLD Find out more!
Albert became ill with leukaemia when

he was five. But the disease hasn’t
stopped him doing what he loves most
– travelling. He usually travels on his
own, he often hitchhikes and he never
takes more than about 20 euros. He gets
money by working and doing tricks with
his wheelchair. Albert has had lots of
adventures. He has slept on boats and
desert islands. He has also learnt how to
get on and get off buses and trains
without help.
Albert Casals is a Albert wants more people in wheelchairs
typical young man in to copy him. ‘The chair helps you to
many ways but in travel because it eliminates fear,’ Albert explains. ‘When you
others he is very hitchhike, drivers pick you up because you don’t look dangerous.
different. He has visited And people talk to me because they want to meet this boy who
more than 80 countries, travels the world in a wheelchair.’
written two books, The
A few years ago, Albert set off for New Zealand with his girlfriend,
World on Wheels and
Anna. Little World tells the story of their journey. It is a beautiful
Without Frontiers, and
film – a documentary, a road movie and a love story.
starred in a film, Little
World. And one more Albert has four tattoos that symbolize the most important things in
thing: Albert has been his life: love, freedom, luck and happiness. And Little World has a
in a wheelchair since message for all of us: discover what really makes you happy and
he was eight years old. just do it!
All Clear Facts

3 Read the text again. Answer the questions in
your notebook.
Hitchhiking is legal in the UK,
1 What are The World on Wheels and Without Frontiers?
but not on motorways. It is not a
2 How many countries has Albert visited?
common way to travel now.
3 Does he usually travel with someone else?
4 How does he make money when he’s travelling?
5 What are the advantages of travelling in a wheelchair?
6 What are the most important things in Albert’s life?
4 What do these numbers refer to in the text?

a) 80 b)
2 c)
8 d)
5 e)
20 f)
4
Unit 6 55
Grammar
Present perfect and 5 Complete the questions with the
present perfect form of the verbs in
past simple brackets.
Present perfect and past simple 1 … you ever … (be) to Australia?
He has written a book. 2 … you ever … (visit) South America?
Albert has been in a wheelchair since he 3 … you ever … (read) Albert Casals’
was eight years old. books?
In 2007 he set off for South America. 4 … you ever … (see) the Guggenheim
Museum in Bilbao?
1 Look at the sentences in the table. 5 … you ever … (buy) any souvenirs?
Which of the verbs in bold are present
perfect and which are past simple? 6 Complete the questions with the past
simple form of the verbs in brackets.
Then match them with the questions in
2 Match the sentences in the table with exercise 5.
uses 1–3. Write them in your notebook.
a) What … you … (buy)?
1 to talk about uncompleted actions or
b) What exhibition … you… (see)?
situations that began in the past and
c) How many kangaroos … you … (see)?
continue in the present
d) … you … (like) them?
2 to talk about past actions or experiences
e) Which countries … you … (visit)?
without saying when they happened
3 to talk about completed actions at a 7 Complete the dialogue with the correct
definite time in the past form of the verbs in brackets. Use the
present perfect or the past simple.
Natalie I’m reading Around the World in
1 I lived / have lived here when I was 80 Days. (1)… you … (read) it?
eight. Charlie No. Who’s it by?
2 Albert Casals visited / has visited Natalie Jules Verne. He (2)… (write) it in
more than 80 countries. 1873.
3 My mum set off / has set off for New Charlie Oh, I know him. I (3)… (read)
York yesterday. Journey to the Centre of the Earth
4 Dave is in China. He had / ’s had lots a few years ago.
of adventures. Natalie … you … (like) it?
(4)
5 I took / ’ve taken lots of photos when Charlie Yes, it (5)… (be) great. You should
I was in Brazil. read it. Last year, I (6)… (see) a TV
4 Write complete sentences using the programme called Around the
present perfect or the past simple. World in 80 Days.
Natalie With Michael Palin? Yes, I
I / live / in Peru / for three years. I love it!
remember it. He (7)… (make) lots
I’ve lived in Peru for three years. I love it!
of travel programmes.
1 He / live / in Toronto / for a year /
Charlie He’s really lucky. I (8)… (never be)
when he was younger.
to a foreign country.
2 I / go / to Hawaii / last summer.
Natalie Haven’t you? I (9)… (be) to one.
3 We / never / read / Albert Casals’ books.
Last year I (10)… (go) to Greece
4 Alex / not be / to Los Angeles. He
with my family.
wants to go next year.
5 My mum / visit / Italy.
56
Quantity
Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
Affirmative He had a lot of adventures. He made a lot of money.
He had some / (a) few adventures. He made some / (a) little money.
Negative He didn’t have many / any adventures. He didn’t make much / any money.
Interrogative How many adventures did he have? How much money did he make?
Did he have many / any adventures? Did he make much / any money?
8 In your notebook, fill in the gaps with 9 Write the correct words in your notebook.
many, much, a lot of, a few, a little, few,
little. ❬ reply ❬❬ reply all delete save forward ❭
A: Yes, I (3)have been / went two years ago. Dear Parents,

Next week is the annual school trip to All Action
B: I’m not sure. On the one hand, I try
Adventure Camp for all Year 10 students.
to eat very (1)… fast food, so I hardly All students need to bring (1)some / any warm
ever have chips or hamburgers. And clothes for the outdoor activities.
I only eat (2)… red meat – I prefer They don’t need to bring (2)any / much special
chicken or fish most of the time. equipment for the outdoor activities because the
I also like fresh fruit. I eat (3)… apples camp will provide everything they need. Students
do not need to bring (3)any / some food. The camp
and oranges. But on the other hand,
provides all meals with (4)a lot of / many fresh
I don’t eat regularly enough. I eat too fruit and vegetables. Most importantly, students
(4)
… meals during the day, usually shouldn’t bring (5)a little / any gadgets such as
one or two while it’s healthier to have mp3 players or mobile phones. The teachers have
(5)
… meals, like four or five, so that mobile phones for emergencies.
Students can bring (6)a little / a few money as there
you avoid eating too (6)… during the
will be an excursion to the local town on the last day.
main meals. I also eat too (7)… sweets. We’re confident that all students will learn a lot
I just love chocolate! and have (7)a lot / a little of adventures on the trip.
The Teachers
All Clear
Hailey France is the (1)best / better country I’ve ever

Grammar
been to. (2)Did you ever go / Have you ever been? 1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Aiden Yes, I (3)have been / went two years ago.
Hailey Did you eat (4)much / any frogs’ legs?
Aiden Yes, I did. They were awful. I (5)didn’t like / haven’t liked them.
Hailey How long did you stay there?
Aiden I was only there (6)for / since five days.
Hailey And did you buy (7)any / much souvenirs?
Aiden No, they were (8)enough / too expensive.
11 2.15

Vocabulary
Extreme adjectives
1 2.16
Match them with pictures 1–9.
amazing • awful • boiling • delighted • enormous • exhausted • freezing • terrifying • tiny
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
2 Look at the extreme adjectives in exercise 1 and match them with the adjectives in the box.
bad big cold frightening good happy hot small tired
3 Write the extreme adjective for each 4 Write the correct words in your notebook.
sentence in your notebook.
1 I’m tiny / exhausted / freezing. I’m going
I don’t like flying. It’s frightening. to bed early.
terrifying 2 I’m wearing too many clothes. I’m boiling /
1 The journey was really bad. freezing / awful.
2 I love Greek food. It’s good. 3 Julie was delighted / tiny / exhausted
3 It’s hot on this bus. Can I open a window? with her present.
4 There were 300 people on our flight. 4 That horror film was terrifying / amazing
The plane was big. / tiny. I’m never watching it again.
5 Put your coat on. It’s cold outside. 5 The journey was enormous / terrifying /
awful. We arrived three hours late.
Listening
5 2.17
Listen to the dialogue about adventurer, Mike Perham.
How long did it take Mike to sail around the world?
6 Listen again. Write true or false in your notebook.

1 Mike was the youngest person to travel around the world.
2 Mike celebrated his 17th birthday at sea.
3 He had really bad weather in the Indian Ocean.
4 He stopped three times to make repairs to his yacht.
5 He had a terrifying experience with a shark.
6 His ambition is to be the first person to travel around the world by land, sea and air.
58
Speaking
Talking about a journey / At the station
1 2.18
Listen to the dialogue. Did Lizzie have a good train journey?
Model Dialogue
Tanya
You’ve arrived at last! Lizzie
Welcome to Oxford!
Hi! Thanks for coming to meet me.
No problem. So, how was It was terrible. The train from
the journey? Edinburgh left 30 minutes late.
Did you get a good seat? No, I had to stand.
What? Did you change trains? Yes, I changed in Birmingham.
Did you have anything to eat? No, there wasn’t any food on the train, so I
haven’t eaten all day.
Oh, no. How terrible!
Speaking Task
1 Talk about a journey
First, choose a journey. Use the ideas below or your own ideas.
Cambridge – Edinburgh Liverpool – Leeds

Journey: Great. Train left on time. Journey: Terrible. Train left late.
Seat: Yes. By the window. Very comfortable. Seat: No. Had to stand.
Change: Yes. Newcastle. Change: No. Direct.
Food: Yes. Some sandwiches and crisps. Food: No. No food.
Useful Language
Look at the Model Dialogue and change
the words in blue. Talking about a journey
How was the journey?
3 Speak It was terrible.
In pairs, practise your dialogue. Did you get a good seat?
No, I had to stand.
You’ve arrived at last! Welcome to Edinburgh!
Did you change trains?
Thanks for coming to meet me. No, it was a direct train.
Did you have anything to eat?
No, there wasn’t any food on the train.
Unit 6 59
Writing
A description of a journey
1 2.19
Read the Model Text and listen. Order the events in your notebook.
a) flew to Washington DC d) the plane left London 1
b) arrived at the hotel e) waited for a bus
c) waited to get off the plane f) queued at the immigration desk
Model Text
Hi Nick,
Well, we’ve arrived in the USA but it was an awful journey!
We set off from London on time, but we couldn’t land in New York
because of bad weather. First, we flew to Washington DC. Then,
we waited for three hours to get off the plane. Next, we queued
for two hours at the immigration desk. After that, we waited
45 minutes for the bus. Finally, we arrived at the hotel at midnight
– we were exhausted! Look at the picture of my little sister!
We’ve booked another flight to New York for tomorrow.
I’ll send an email when we get there.
Liv
2 Look at the All Clear Tips and complete the

rules below with the words in bold. Writing Task
1 Plan
All Clear Tips Make notes about a real or
Linkers imaginary journey and include:
First, we flew to Washington DC. Introduction: where you were going,
Then, we waited for three hours. what the journey was like (good or bad)
Next, we queued for two hours at the Description: what happened and in
immigration desk. what order
After that, we waited 45 minutes for the bus. Closing phrase: how the journey ended
Finally, we arrived at the hotel at midnight.
2 Write
a) We use … to show the beginning of an event. Use the Model Text, your notes and
b) We use …, …, and … to show the order of events. this structure:
c) We use … to show the end of an event. Paragraph 1: Introduction
3 Write the correct words in your notebook. Paragraph 2: Description
We went on a bus tour in New York last year. Paragraph 3: Closing phrase
Next / First, we went to Times Square in the
(1)
3 Check
centre of Manhattan. (2)Then / Finally, we drove
p resent perfect and past simple,
up one side of Central Park and saw the Museum
of Natural History. (3)First / Next, we went to quantity
Harlem and saw the Apollo Theatre. (4)After that / travel, extreme adjectives
Finally, we drove down Park Avenue. (5)Then / linkers: first, then, next, after that
Finally, we got off the bus by the Guggenheim and finally
Museum. It was brilliant!
60
Culture Reading
AMERICAN HISTORY NLINE

HOME ARCHIVE COMMENTS CONTACT
The California gold rush

The California gold rush started on 24th January 1848
when James W Marshall discovered gold at Sutter’s Mill
in California. Soon, people in San Francisco heard stories
about gold. In December 1848, the president of the USA
told the world that there was gold in California.
The forty-niners
The early gold-seekers were called ‘forty-niners’ because they
started their journey to California in 1849. A lot of the
‘forty-niners’ arrived by ship but 150,000 walked to California
from other parts of the USA.
Effects of the gold rush
The gold rush changed California. The population of San
Francisco grew from 1,000 in 1848 to 150,000 in 1870. A railway
line was built to join California to the rest of the USA. But not all
the changes were good. The Native Americans lost their lands
and many died from diseases which
the Europeans brought with them.
Phonetics
2.20
questions in your notebook. /ɜː/ /iː/ /ʌ/
1 Who was the first man to find gold in
California? a 2.21
Listen and repeat the words.
2 When did the world hear that there was /ɜː/ heard, world, were, work
gold in California? /iː/ seek, between, seen, been
3 How did people travel to California? /ʌ/ rush, just, but, country, love
4 How did the gold rush change California?
b 2.22
Unit 6 61
bulary
Voca
make and do
Style adjectives
Travel
Phrasal verbs: clothes
Extreme adjectives
Fundraising ideas
1 Work with a partner to complete the sentences in your notebook. Who can finish first?
1 Have you ever done a s… swim 6 Anne is a lawyer. She always wears
for charity? very f… clothes.
2 At home I always wear c… clothes. 7 We try to p… good bargains u…
3 It’s very hot in here. We can t… in the shops.
our jackets o… . 8 They should p… their trip very carefully.
4 He was e… after the training yesterday. 9 Is it easy to m… your sister laugh?
5 Do you always send p… when you’re 10 Every year her mum c… money
on holiday? for charity.
Grammar
ever and never
Relative clauses e
some / any / no compounds How long …? with for and sinc
Present perfect and past simple
The future
Present per fect Quantity
Present perfect Present perfect and past simple

1 Complete the sentences with the 3 Write the correct words in your notebook.
1 Did you buy / Have you bought any
1 How long … you … (have) your new clothes last weekend?
mobile phone? 2 I’m interrailing round Europe. I visited /
2 I … (not visit) Paris. 've visited ten countries.
3 He … (eat) a lot of chocolate today. 3 My mum travelled / 's travelled to
4 … your brother … (make) many Barcelona on business last week.
friends in his new school? 4 He didn’t eat / hasn’t eaten kangaroo
5 I … (listen) to the new Lorde album when he was in Australia.
twice today. 5 I 've bought / bought a new laptop last
month. It was / has been very cheap.
for and since
2 Complete the sentences with for or since.
1 My sister has lived in China … two years.
2 My cousin has been a mechanic … he
left school.
3 I’ve been on holiday … last Friday.
4 They’ve lived in London … a long time.
5 She’s been at home … 6 pm.
62
Cultural Awareness:
Historical landmarks
Belogradchik Fortress in Bulgaria
Belogradchik Fortress is one of the most famous castles in Bulgaria.
It is in the Balkan Mountains, and it is a well-known national and
cultural monument. It was there when the Romans arrived, and it
was always very important during many battles through history.
It has also changed a lot since the original design.
Close to the Fortress are the Belogradchik rocks. These huge
stones continue for 30 km and some are 200 metres high.
Each rock has an interesting name: Madonna, The Student,
The Lion, The Bear – and, of course, The Castle! The wildlife
in the area is really wild with many unusual plants and animals.
If you’re lucky, you can see eagles, owls, wolves and deer.
The whole area is very popular with tourists. And this is no surprise –
you can see a great castle and beautiful nature in the same day!
Boldt Castle in America

There aren’t any ancient castles in America but there
are some interesting ones – and there’s even one in
New York! One day, a rich hotel owner, George C. Boldt,
decided to build a German-style castle on an island for his
wife. Sadly, she died just before the castle was finished
and because he was so unhappy, he stopped building it.
It stayed like this for 70 years and then the government
bought it and finished it. The castle has 120 rooms and
its own drawbridge to protect it from unwanted visitors!
1 Match the words 1–5 to the definitions A–E.

1 fortress A Very, very old.
2 monument B An important and big fight during a war.
3 battle C A statue or building which is important or interesting to history.
4 ancient D A type of castle used to keep people and land safe during a war.
5 drawbridge E A small bridge which you can open and close to let people into a castle.
2 Are the sentences below true (T) or False (F)?

1 Not many people know about Belogradchik Fortress.
2 Belogradchik is an important symbol in Bulgarian history.
3 There are a lot of visitors to the Fortress and the area around it.
4 The castles in America are all very old and very interesting.
5 George C. Boldt built the castle to be a hotel.
6 The castle was finished by a new owner.
Units
Term4–6
1 63
Cultural Awareness:
Literature
1 How much do you know about literature in Britain? Do the quiz.
QUIZ
1 Shakespeare wrote … plays.
a 28
b 38
c 48
2 Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre is in …
a London.
b Stratford-upon-Avon.
c Bath.
5 Jane Austen wrote just … novels.
3 What year was Charles Dickens born? a four
a 1812 b five
b 1821 c six
c 1870
6 Many of Britain’s most popular books
4 Charles Dickens wrote books about … have been turned into …
a politics and economics. a comic books.
b relationships and romance. b theme parks.
c poverty and social issues. c films.
WATCH
2 Watch the documentary about

literature and answer the questions.
1 How many of Shakespeare’s plays
are named in the documentary?
2 Where are many of Dickens’ novels
based? 1:12
3 What can you visit in Bath if you’re
interested in literature?
64
1:17 1:12 1:07 1:37
Digital Competence:
Blog posts
Look at the blog. Which book has Pablo written about?
4:16 PM
Back www.pablosbookblog.com
Pablo's Book Blog

Wednesday, 11 December
About Me
Hi everyone! Welcome to my book blog.
My Posts
I read The Man in the Iron Mask by Alexandre Dumas last week. It is
the story of a man called d’Artagnan and the last adventure of the Blog Archive
Three Musketeers – Athos, Porthos and Aramis. ➜ October (3)
➜ November (5)
The story is set in 1661 in France. Louis XIV is King. He is young, ➜ December (1)
➜
clever and powerful, but not everyone likes him. He spends a lot of Hi everyone! Welcome to my
money on himself, but he doesn’t look after the poor people. book blog. I read The Man …
However, unknown to Louis, he has a kind brother, Philippe, who is
locked in the Bastille Prison. The Three Musketeers decide to make
Philippe the king and put Louis in prison. First, they have to teach
Post a comment
Philippe how to behave like a king. Will they succeed or will King
Louis find out and kill them all? This book sounds
really interesting!
The story is exciting and the ending is very dramatic.
Carlos
Recommendation ✭✭✭✭✩
Posted by Pablo, 07:43 Thursday, 13 December, 18:22
TASK Write a blog post about a book. Follow the steps below.
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

Think about a book you have read. Write about the Show your blog Read your classmates’
Make notes: book for a blog. post to the blog posts. Which
• The title and author Check your other students books do you want to
• Information about the plot and grammar and in your class. read? Comment on
characters spelling. Ask them to your classmates' blog
• Where and when the book is set comment! posts.
• If you recommend the book or not
65
1:37 1:19 1:23 1:54
Objectives
7 Films Vocabulary Films; suffixes

Grammar Future forms: will, be going to,
present continuous; first
conditional
Speaking Asking for and giving opinions
Writing A film review
Vocabulary
Films
1 2.23
Listen and repeat the words and phrases. Match them with pictures 1–14.
director • film a scene • film star • plot • producer • release a film • screen • script •
soundtrack • special effects • star in a film • stunt • stuntman / stuntwoman • win an award
1 2 3 4
5 6 9
7 8
14
10 11 12 13
2 Copy and complete the table with all the words and phrases in exercise 1.
people verbs related to films other film words

director star in a film stunt
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of words and phrases from exercise 1.
1 The … is wonderful – the dialogues are great.
2 The music is great, too – I love the … .
3 Johnny Depp … in the film. I hope he wins an … at the next Oscars.
4 A … does all the dangerous scenes in a film instead of the actor.
5 The … in that science-fiction film are wonderful. They look really realistic.
4 2.24
Listen to Isabel and Xavi. What 5 I n pairs, ask and answer
are their favourite films? Why? questions about films.
What’s your favourite film?
Chef.
66 e
Reading Word Check
smoke rollercoaster headsets sensors
Online film magazine
1 Read the text quickly and choose the best title.
a) Cinema today b) The future of film c) A film review
Film
Do you remember Gollum from The Hobbit?
The film's creators used motion-capture to
transform the human actor into the digital
character. In the future, more films will use
this technology and soon, many films will
only have digital characters. But actors won’t
disappear, because digital characters need
good actors. Being a ‘cyber-actor’ is a skill
that many film stars will learn in the future.
4DX cinemas already exist, but they will
probably become more common. Audiences
Have you ever been disappointed by a film’s
will experience real special effects. If there’s
ending? In the future, film plots will change
an explosion, there will be real smoke. If it
while we are watching them. During the film,
rains in the film, you will get wet! Seats will
sensors will detect our emotions. Then, software
move to match the action in the film.
will choose the best scene to play next
Imagine a scene on a rollercoaster or on
depending on our emotions.
a boat!
Audiences have always
Virtual Reality (VR) already exists in the
wanted enjoyment and
world of gaming but some people predict
excitement. Technology will
that it will transform our experience of films.
change, but people are never
VR headsets will put audiences inside the
going to stop watching films!
film and we will experience the characters’
lives first-hand. But will VR affect the
development of scripts and plots? We aren’t
sure, but it’s clear that VR films are going to
All Clear Facts
be very different. In the past, people used the word actor
for men and actress for women. Now, we
usually say actor for men and women.
2 2.25
Read and listen. Write the correct answers in your notebook.
1 In the future, human actors will … 4 Technology will detect how we feel about
a) disappear. a film …
b) still exist. a) while it is playing.
c) work with robots. b) before it begins.
2 In the future, there … c) when it ends.
a) won’t be as many 4DX cinemas as now. 5 People in the future …
b) will be real special effects in all cinemas. a) will watch more films.
c) will be more 4DX cinemas than now. b) won’t need cinemas.
3 Films developed for VR … c) will continue to watch films.
a) are going to be quite similar to 4DX films.
b) aren’t going to be like today’s films.
c) are going to have more complicated plots.
3 Which idea do you think will become the most common in the future?
Unit 7 67
Grammar
Future forms be going to
will Affirmative She’s going to go
Affirmative She’ll go Negative We aren’t going to go
Negative We won’t go Interrogative Are you going to go …?
Interrogative Will you go …?
5 Match rules 1 and 2 with sentences a) and
b). Write them in your notebook.
1 Complete the sentences with the correct
form of will and the verbs in brackets. 1 We use be going to to talk about
In the future, there will be (be) more 4DX future plans and intentions.
cinemas. 2 We use be going to when there is
1 I don’t think Spielberg … (direct) that evidence in the present for future
new film. events or actions.
2 How many people … (see) the film? a) The actress has broken her leg so she
3 My friend … probably … (not enjoy) isn't going to star in the film.
that film. b) They are going to make this book into
4 … they … (release) a CD of the a film next year.
soundtrack? 6 Complete the sentences with the
5 That film … probably … (win) awards. correct form of the verbs in the box.
Use be going to.
2 Look at the sentences in exercise 1 and
complete the rules below. not celebrate download finish invite
probably will predictions
definitely 1 I love that song! I … it to my phone now.
2 Jim … because he didn’t get the new job.
a) We use will and won’t to make …
3 … you … your homework before class?
about the future.
4 I … Paul to my birthday party.
b) We use … when we are sure about
something in the future and … when
we think something is likely. All Clear Rules
c) In the affirmative, probably and
We use the present continuous for
definitely come after … but in the
definite future arrangements.
negative they come before won’t.
I’m meeting my friends at 7 pm.
3 Write complete questions using will in We use the present simple for actions
your notebook. based on schedules and timetables.
Spain / win / the next World Cup? Hurry up! Our train leaves in an hour!
Will Spain win the next World Cup?
1 you / pass / all your exams? 7 Complete the sentences. Use the
2 you / go / to England / next year? present continuous or present simple.
3 Which / bands / be / popular / next
1 My friend Alex … (meet) me at 11 am.
year?
2 Hurry up! Our train … (leave) at 8 am!
4 your teacher / give / you / a lot of
3 I … (not / take) the 3 pm train today.
homework?
4 Her plane … (land) in 2 hours.
4 I n pairs, ask and answer the
68
First conditional
If clause Consequence Consequence If clause
if I win. I’ll go to film school I’ll go to film school if I win.
next year next year
if I don’t win. I will try again I will try again if I don’t win.
8 Look at the tables then write the correct words to complete the first conditional rules.
a) We use the first conditional to talk about future / past possibility.
b) We can / can’t change the order of the clauses.
c) When the if clause comes first, we use / don’t use a comma.

1 If you go to the cinema, you enjoy / will enjoy the film.
2 It’s raining. You will get wet if you don’t take / won’t take an umbrella.
3 If I have / will have enough money, I’ll buy the film soundtrack.
4 We’ll watch a film later if we finish / will finish our homework.
5 What do you do / will you do if you don’t pass your exams?
10 Write first conditional sentences and questions. Use a comma where necessary.
we / be late / if / we / not hurry.
We'll be late if we don’t hurry.
1 if / I / go to bed late / I / be tired tomorrow.
2 they / miss the train / if / they / leave after 6 pm?
3 if / they / study a lot / they / not fail the exam.
4 you / see / lots of film stars at the ceremony / if / you / be lucky.
5 if / we / go to the cinema tonight / Sarah / come / with us?
All Clear
11 Complete the interview with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets. Grammar
Interviewer Congratulations on your new film. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Do you think (1)… (it / win) an award?
Rachel Thanks. I hope it will get a nomination.
Interviewer What (2)… (you / do) if you win?
Rachel If I (3)… (win), I will celebrate with my friends.
Interviewer And what about your plans for the future?
What (4)… (you / do) next?
Rachel I (5)… (start) work on a new film next week. After
that, I’m not sure. Perhaps I (6)… (have) a holiday!
Interviewer Have you (7)… (go) on holiday this year?
Rachel Yes. I (8)… (go) to Australia in March.
12 2.26

Vocabulary
Suffixes
1 2.27
Listen and repeat the verbs. How do you say them in Bulgarian?
advertise • argue • celebrate • connect • decorate • develop • educate • enjoy • equip • excite •
move • possess • predict • suggest
2 Copy and complete the table with verbs from exercise 1.

Then use the suffixes -ion or -ment to make the noun forms.
Verbs Nouns
advertise advertisement
argue argument
3 2.28
4 Complete the sentences with nouns from the table

in exercise 2.
We think the decoration on this cake is really colourful.
1 You need a lot of e… to make a film.
2 What is the c… between these two things?
3 I think e… is important. I want to get a good job, so I study a lot.
4 My parents are having a big c… for their wedding anniversary.
5 I get a lot of e… from reading – I love it!
Listening
5 2.29
L isten and look at the pictures.
Write the correct words in your
notebook.
Fresh Films makes films about
teenagers / using teenage film-makers.
6 Listen again. Write true or false in your

notebook.
1 The Fresh Films programme started
more than ten years ago.
2 Some participants who have been on
the programme now work in the film
industry.
3 You need to have some experience to
apply for the programme.
4 Fresh Films has only made short films.
70
Speaking
Asking for and giving opinions / Talking about a film
1 2.30
Listen to the dialogue. What did Ruby like about the film?
Model Dialogue
Paul
What did you think of After Earth? Ruby
I thought it was rubbish.
Really? I thought it was brilliant!
The special effects were amazing.
I suppose they were OK but the
plot was terrible.
What about the actors? I thought they were
brilliant! No, they weren’t. They were awful and
the script was really bad.
Did you like anything?
Yes, I liked the soundtrack.
Me too. It was incredible.
At least we agree about something …
Speaking Task
1 Talk about a film
Choose a film and read the opinions. You can use the ideas below or your own.
Student A Student B
Mockingjay Guardians of the Galaxy Mockingjay Guardians of the Galaxy
special effects: incredible action scenes: very exciting stunts: terrible script: awful
soundtrack: great stunts: amazing plot: really boring plot: a bit silly
liked the acting enjoyed the ending
Look at the Model Dialogue and change the words in blue.
3 Speak
What did you think of Mockingjay?
I thought it was rubbish.
Useful Language Asking for and giving opinions

What did you think of After Earth? I thought it was rubbish.
What about the actors? They were awful and the script was really bad.
Did you like anything? Yes, I liked the soundtrack.
Unit 7 71
Writing
A film review
1 2.31
Read the Model Text and listen. Match descriptions
1–4 with paragraphs A–D. Write them in your notebook.
1 Conclusion and recommendation
2 Personal opinions about the film
3 Basic information about the film
4 Description of the plot
Model Text
Film of the week
A G
ravity is a thriller set in space. The director is Alfonso Cuarón
and the main actors are Sandra Bullock and George Clooney.
B Sandra Bullock plays a scientific engineer on a mission with George Clooney, a veteran
astronaut. An accident destroys their space shuttle and they are alone in space,
desperately trying to return to Earth.
C
In my opinion, Gravity is a fantastic film. The action scenes are terrifying, the special
effects are amazing and the actors are brilliant. Sandra Bullock has always been one of
my favourite actors. For me, this is her best film.
D If you like excitement, tension and horror,
you will love Gravity. I think it will become Writing Task
a classic and I would recommend it to
everyone. 1 Plan
Make notes about a film and include:
Basic information: the title, the type of
the words in bold. film, the actors, the director
The plot: where the film is set, the main
All Clear Tips characters, the general story

Your opinions: actors, special effects,
Giving opinions soundtrack, plot, script
Sandra Bullock has always been one of my Conclusion: a final opinion and a
favourite actors. recommendation
For me, this is her best film.
I think it will become a classic. 2 Write
In my opinion, Gravity is a brilliant film. Use the Model Text, your notes and
this structure:
3 Order the words to make sentences Paragraph 1: Basic information
giving opinions. Paragraph 2: The plot
1 I / really / the / is / script / funny / think / . Paragraph 3: Your opinions
2 special effects / In / the / my / are / Paragraph 4: Conclusion
opinion, / terrible / . 3 Check
3 is / worst / me, / it / For / film / his / .
future tenses, first conditional
4 of / one / my / favourite / is / directors /
films, suffixes
Amenábar / .
giving opinions
5 it / an / awful / In / opinion, / film / my / is / .
72
Culture Reading
Alfred Hitchcock
Hitchcock was born in the UK in 1899 and he
became one of the most famous and
influential directors in the world. He started his
career as a director in 1925. He moved to
Hollywood in 1939 and continued to make
films until he died.
Hitchcock never won an Oscar for Best
Director, although he was nominated five
times. However, he received a Life
Achievement Award from the American Film
Institute (AFI). Four of his films appear in AFI’s
list of Top 10 Mystery Films of All Time. In 1980,
he was given a
special award by
Queen Elizabeth II
and became Sir
Alfred Hitchcock.
Hitchcock’s films
Hitchcock made 53 films altogether. Many of his films
are classics that will always be popular with film lovers.
He is probably most famous for his thrillers and mystery
films including Vertigo, Psycho, and The Birds. If you
watch his films carefully, you will usually be able to see
him. That’s because Hitchcock made a short
appearance in all his films from 1938 onwards.
Audiences love trying to find him!
Phonetics
Sentence stress and weak forms
2.32
Read and listen. Then answer a 2.33
L isten and repeat the sentences.
the questions in your notebook. Which words have the main stress?
What happens to the words in blue?
1 Who was Hitchcock and when
did he start his career? 1 I’m going to watch a Hitchcock film
2 Did he win any Oscars? tonight.
3 What awards did he win? 2 We’re going to invite them to the party.
4 Did he appear in any of his films? 3 They aren’t going to buy a house.
b 2.34
Unit 7 73
Objectives
Our
8 friends
Vocabulary Making friends; verb and noun
collocations
Grammar Modal verbs: obligation, prohibition
and advice; second conditional
Speaking Describing people
Writing A formal letter
Vocabulary
Making friends
1 2.35
arrive early • be late • be polite • be rude • bring a present • click your fingers •
interrupt a conversation • jump a queue • kiss a stranger • point • shake hands •
take off your shoes • tell jokes
2 3 4
1
7 8
6
5
12 13
9 10 11
2 Which of the actions in exercise 1 have you done today?

1 He asked me to tell a joke / take off my shoes / jump the queue because they were dirty.
2 I arrived early / shook hands with / was rude to David Beckham. He was really friendly.
3 I told a joke / kissed her / clicked my fingers, but nobody laughed.
4 Don’t tell a joke to / click your fingers at / shake hands with the waiter. It’s very rude.
5 He jumped the queue / told a joke / was late because he wanted to get on the bus first.
4 2.36
Listen to Magda and Adam. Who has Adam shaken hands with?
5 In pairs, ask and answer the question.

Have you ever shaken hands with someone famous?
Yes, I have. I met the king when he visited our school.
74
Reading Word Check
cheek burp small talk
A travel guide
CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE
Home News Forum Cultures Travel Accommodation Top Locations Forum Sign up
Travel opens your mind to other cultures, but you should always
learn about local customs before you go. Politeness is especially
important. Here’s our guide to being polite in different countries.
A
In France, men and women usually kiss each other on the cheek, but
men shake hands. In the UK, Germany and the USA, kissing is common
between friends but you should shake hands with strangers. In Russia,
you shouldn’t shake hands in the doorway of a house – it’s bad luck.
Comment Like
B
In the UK, you don’t have to bring a present, like flowers or chocolates, but
people will be pleased if you do. In Germany, Japan or the UK you mustn’t be
late. It’s very rude. In Mexico, you should be late – it’s normal. In Japan, China
and Scandinavia you must take your shoes off when you arrive, so you should
wear clean socks!
Comment Like
C D
In most European countries, if you burped after a In some countries, it’s OK to
meal, people would be offended. However, in China interrupt someone in a
they would be pleased because it shows that you conversation, but you
enjoyed the food. In India, you mustn’t eat with shouldn’t in Japan, the USA
your left hand because it’s unclean. In or the UK. Germans enjoy
Mexico, it’s acceptable to eat with your having serious conversations
hands, but in Chile it’s the opposite! In in social situations, but they
France, you shouldn’t divide a aren’t keen on small talk. In
restaurant bill. You should pay France, you mustn’t talk
the bill yourself (or wait about money at the table.
for someone else to pay!). It’s very rude.
Comment Like Comment Like
1 ead and listen. Match headings 1–4 with

R
All Clear Facts
2.37
paragraphs A–D. Write them in your notebook.
1 Eating etiquette 3 The art of conversation In Bulgaria, you nod to say ‘no’ and
2 Visiting people’s homes 4 Greetings shake your head to say ‘yes’. In most
other countries, it’s the opposite.
2 Read the text again. Answer the questions.
1 What should you do when you meet someone for the first time in Germany?
2 In which country is it OK to be late?
3 Where mustn’t you eat with your hands?
4 What topic of conversation is unacceptable at meals in France?
3 What other cultural rules do you know?
Unit 8 75
Grammar
Obligation, prohibition 3 Look at the question in the table. Do we
use have to or must to ask questions about
and advice obligations?
Obligation She must / has to Obligation
No obligation She doesn’t have to
Do I have to bring a present?
Prohibition She mustn’t / can't Yes, you do. / No, you don’t.
She is not allowed to
Advice She should
We shouldn’t 4 Write complete questions using have to
Should you …? in your notebook.
young people / be / polite?
1 Look at the table. Complete the rules Do young people have to be polite?
with the words in the box.
1 you / be home / before midnight?
obligation no obligation prohibition 2 do / your homework / tonight?
3 your dad / get up early / on Saturday
a) We use must or have to to show … .
mornings?
The speaker thinks something is very
4 visitors / bring presents / in your country?
important.
5 you / take off your shoes / at home?
b) We use don’t have to to show there
is … . The speaker thinks something 5 I n pairs, ask and answer the
isn’t necessary. questions in exercise 4.
c) We use mustn’t to show … . The
speaker thinks it is very important 6 Look at the sentences in the table.
not to do something. What is the difference between should
and must / have to?
2 Write the correct words in your
notebook. Advice
You should shake hands, but you don’t have to.
Rules for summer camp: You shouldn’t tell jokes at dinner, it’s rude.
1 You are not allowed to / must be 7 Write the correct words in your notebook.
polite to the monitors.
I’m really lucky because I (1)shouldn’t / don’t
2 You can't / have to take expensive
have to wait for school to talk to my best
gadgets. There isn’t a safe place for them.
friend. My best friend is my sister, Karen,
3 You mustn’t / don’t have to talk in
and we share a bedroom. However, we have
bed. People need to sleep.
some rules. I (2)can't / don’t have to borrow
4 You mustn’t / don’t have to make your
her clothes and she (3)has to / doesn’t have
bed. You can choose.
to ask me when she wants to listen to my
5 You have to / don’t have to look after
music. We both (4)mustn’t / have to keep our
the key to your room.
things tidy. We have one more rule. Because
6 You must / mustn’t be late. Classes start
Karen’s older than me, she (5)doesn’t have
punctually at 8.30 am.
to / mustn’t go to bed when I do, but when
she comes to bed, she (6)doesn’t have to /
is not allowed to wake me up if I’m asleep!
Luckily she’s really kind, so she never does.
I (7)should / don’t have to be more like her!
76
8 Complete the sentences with the words 9 Look at the sentences in the table.
in the box. What tense is the verb in the if clause?
should (x2) have to 10 Write the correct words in your notebook.

don't have to mustn't
1 What would / did you say if your best
1 You … walk on the grass. Look at the friend was / would be late to meet you?
sign. 2 Dana would go / went out with Mike if
2 I think you … do your homework now he wouldn’t / didn’t play football all the
so you can come to the cinema with time.
me later on. 3 If he told / would tell me a lie, I
3 I want to look for a cheap flight to wouldn’t be / wasn’t happy.
Italy. Which website … I use? 4 Would you tell / Did you tell the truth
4 Do you … be 18 to join this gym? if you didn’t / wouldn’t like a friend’s
5 We … go to school tomorrow – it's a boyfriend?
public holiday!
11 Complete the sentences using the
Second conditional second conditional.
If clause Consequence 1 I’m going to Paris this summer, but if

(imaginary situation) I … (go) to London, I … (visit) Fatima.
If he told a lie, what would you do? 2 If Mike … (not have) a lot of
If he told a lie, I’d be angry. homework, he … (go) out.
3 If she … (have) more money, she …
Consequence If clause (buy) some new shoes.
(imaginary situation) 4 If we … (go) to the pool instead of the
What would you do if he told a lie? cinema, we … (have) more fun.
I’d be angry if he told a lie.
All Clear
Gabriella Hey, Mum says I can have a party.

Grammar
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Sadie Great! When (1)will you have / are you going
to have it?
Gabriella In two weeks.
Sadie You (2)must / mustn’t invite me. Please!
Gabriella Of course! Who else should I invite?
Sadie You (3)have to / don’t have to invite Glyn. I really like him.
Gabriella But you (4)have liked / like Bob too.
Sadie No. Glyn’s (5)more funny / funnier than Bob.
Gabriella OK. And I have to invite Chloe because I went to her party.
Sadie I didn’t go. I was (6)not enough / too ill.
Gabriella It was a great party.
Sadie If it were my party, I (7)’d invite / ’ll invite Brian. He’s really good-looking.
Gabriella I’d ask Brian if I (8)knew / know him, but we’ve never met.
13 2.38

Vocabulary
Verb and noun collocations
1 2.39
Listen and repeat the phrases. How do you say them in Bulgarian?
give advice • give presents • get advice • get presents • have an argument • have fun •
spend money • spend time (with friends) • tell lies • tell the truth
2 Match phrases from exercise 1 with the pictures. Some pictures show more than one
phrase. Write them in your notebook.
1 2 3
4 5

1 I love spending money on / time with 4 John spent a lot of money / time on my
Sara. We always have an argument / fun. birthday present. He’s very generous.
2 I’ve tried to give my sister presents / 5 My boyfriend told me a lie / the truth last
advice, but she never listens to me. night and we had fun / an argument.
3 My girlfriend always tells me the truth / 6 He got advice / a present from his
lies. She’s very honest. girlfriend – a leather jacket.
Listening
4 2.40
Listen to the conversation and complete the sentences.
1 Jack didn’t buy his girlfriend a … and they had … .
2 Jess … to her boyfriend because he told her … .
5 Listen again and write the correct answers in your notebook.

1 If Jack’s girlfriend forgot his birthday, … 3 If Jess’s boyfriend forgot her birthday, …
a) he’d go out with another girl. a) she’d do the same to him.
b) he wouldn’t mind. b) she’d find a new boyfriend.
c) he’d be angry. c) she’d have an argument with him.
2 The interviewer says Jack should … 4 If Jack’s girlfriend told him that lie, …
a) say sorry. a) he’d find a new girlfriend.
b) forget her. b) he’d be angry.
c) say sorry and buy her a present. c) he wouldn’t mind.
78
Speaking
Describing people / A party
1 2.41
Listen to the dialogue. When is Mike going to see Greta again?
Model Dialogue
Abbie
Mike
Hi Mike! What was the party like
on Saturday? It was great. I had a lot of fun
and I met this girl called Greta.
Greta? Where’s she from?
She’s Norwegian, but she’s
lived here for years.
Oh yeah? So, what’s she like?
She’s friendly, funny and quite talkative.
And what does she look like?
She's tall and she's got brown eyes and
blonde hair. And we’ve got a lot in common.
What does she like doing?
She likes playing tennis and watching films.
You should call her. I did. We’re meeting next weekend.
Speaking Task
1 Talk about someone you met at a party
First, choose one of the people below or invent a person.
NAME: Max NAME: Angela

NATIONALITY: Australian NATIONALITY: German
PERSONALITY: g enerous, quiet and PERSONALITY: very confident, lively
quite shy and energetic
APPEARANCE:
medium height, brown eyes, short APPEARANCE: quite short, blue eyes, long black hair
brown hair, very good-looking HOBBIES: going to the gym and doing voluntary
HOBBIES: surfing and playing computer games work
6858785963248 7851784963248
Useful Language
Look at the Model Dialogue and change
Describing people
the words in blue.
What’s she like?
3 Speak
She’s friendly, funny and quite talkative.
In pairs, practise your dialogue. What does she look like?
What was the party like? She’s tall and she's got brown eyes and
blonde hair.
It was fun and I met this
What does she like doing?
girl called Angela.
She likes playing tennis and watching films.
Unit 8 79
Writing
A formal letter
1 2.42
Read the Model Text and listen. Answer the question in your notebook.
Why does Raj think Jo should receive the Young Achievers Award? Find three reasons.
Model Text
Young Achievers Award
50 Featherstone Street
London EC1Y 8RT
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to nominate my friend Jo Henley for the Young Achievers Award.
Although Jo is only 16, she has achieved a lot. Her father is ill, so Jo looks after him while her
mother is at work. She does the cooking as well as her homework every night. Furthermore, Jo
has raised over £3,500 for charity by doing sponsored runs. However, she never complains and
is always polite and cheerful.
In addition, she plays the drums in a band and always gets excellent marks at school. Most
importantly, Jo is a fantastic friend. We always have fun together and we never have arguments.
For all these reasons I think you should give Jo the Young Achievers Award.
Yours faithfully, Writing Task
Raj Tandon
1 Plan
Make notes about a friend for a letter of
2 Look at the All Clear Tips and complete recommendation and include:
the rules with the words in bold.
Reason for writing: Name of the person,
a) We use … and … to show contrast. name of the award
b) We use …, … and … to show addition. Achievements: special things that he / she
does or has done
All Clear Tips What he / she is like: character and
personal qualities
Linkers of addition and contrast
Other interesting information: hobbies,
Although Jo is only 16, she has achieved a lot. free-time activities
However, she never complains.
Furthermore, Jo has raised £3,500 for charity. 2 Write
In addition, she plays the drums and always Use the Model Text, your notes and this
gets excellent marks at school. structure:
Paragraph 1: Reason for writing
3 Rewrite the sentences including the Paragraph 2: Achievements; what he /
words in brackets.
she is like
1 Mike is a bit shy. He’s very friendly. Paragraph 3: Other interesting information
(although) Paragraph 4: Conclusion
2 Sophie is very talkative. She’s not very
confident. (however) 3 Check
3 My brother is really good at sport. He’s obligation, prohibition, advice
very clever. (furthermore) making friends, verb and noun collocations
4 Ava can already speak two languages. linkers of addition and contrast
She’s now learning Chinese. (in addition)
80
Culture Reading
Famous Friendships
Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce cars are famous all over the world. Rich
celebrities drive them. Elvis Presley had one. David
Beckham has one. Michael Jackson had five! But who
were Rolls and Royce?
Henry Royce Friends
Henry Royce was born in 1863. He was from a poor Rolls and Royce met in 1904. Although they
family and he started work when he was only 10 years were very different, they became friends. Rolls
old. He worked very hard and became a successful knew that Royce was a brilliant engineer and
engineer. He started the engineering company F.H. thought his cars were the best in the world.
Royce & Co. in Manchester in 1884. He died in 1933. Royce realized that Rolls was an excellent
salesman and that he would make the cars
Charles Rolls successful. In 1906 they started the
Charles Rolls was from a rich aristocratic family. He was Rolls-Royce Company. The first Rolls-Royce
born in 1877 and studied engineering at Cambridge cost £395. If you wanted a new Rolls-Royce
University. He was a famous adventurer and a hot-air today, you would have to be very rich
balloonist. He died in a plane accident in 1910. because it would cost more than £200,000.
Phonetics
Read and listen. Then answer
2.43
the questions in your notebook. /aɪ/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /ɔɪ/
1 How old was Royce when he started work? a Listen and repeat the words.
2.44
2 What was Royce's job?
/aɪ/ drive, five, died
3 What was Rolls famous for?
/ɪ/ click, rich, different, brilliant
4 How much did the first Rolls-Royce car cost?
/ʊ/ would, should, look
/ɔɪ/ Royce, point, coin
b 2.45
Unit 8 81
Objectives
Making
9 music
Vocabulary Music; negative prefixes
Grammar The passive; active and passive;
Writing
tense revision
Speaking Agreeing and disagreeing
A description of a musical hero
Vocabulary
Music
1 2.46
album cover • form a band • go on tour • go to number one • hit • music festival •
playlist • play live at a concert • record • record a song • recording studio • release an album •
single • song lyrics
5 6
1 2 3 4
10 12 13
9
14
11

How do musicians become famous?
First, they (1)form / release a band, then they think of some good (2)lyrics / playlists and
music for a song. After writing the song, they go to a (3)recording studio / concert to
record the song. Then they release a (4)single / cover. If the song is a (5)hit / record, it
could (6)go / form to number one and then they become famous. After that, the band
should (7)play / release an album and go on tour so that they can (8)record / play live for
their fans.
3 2.47
Listen to Todd and Kate. Complete the sentence with the correct name.
The last song that … downloaded was The Monster by Eminem.
4 In pairs, ask and answer questions about music.

What was the last song you downloaded? Is it good?
It was Que bonita la vida by Dani MartÍn. It’s OK.
82
Reading Word Check
piracy subscription music label
A news report
To stream, or not to stream?

A Piracy, illegal downloads, and falling CD sales – the music business has had
many problems over the last decade. But then along came streaming. For many
people, it has saved the music industry. However, not everyone agrees.
B On streaming websites, such as Spotify, you can listen to as many songs as you
like for free. If you pay a monthly subscription, you can also download individual
songs and you don’t get adverts. You can even make your own playlists. Music
labels are paid each time a song is streamed or downloaded. The artists are then
paid by the music labels.
C Companies such as Spotify say streaming is good for everyone. It’s cheaper
and more flexible for music fans. If you don’t like a song or album, you just stream
another one. Streaming has also reduced piracy. Why download music
illegally when you can listen online for free? It can also give
publicity to new bands, so more people go to their concerts.
D So, who is against streaming? Some artists say they aren’t
paid enough money. Millions are made by big music labels,
but songwriters and musicians often receive a very small
percentage of this money. Streaming was criticized in the
news recently by Thom Yorke, lead singer of the band
Radiohead. He thinks that it will be impossible for many bands
to survive. But he has also said that streaming won’t last and
that new forms of listening to music will appear.
E What do you think? Is streaming positive or
negative? Is it the future or is it just another chapter
in the history of music?
1 2.48
Read and listen. Match headings 1–5 with
paragraphs A–E. Write them in your notebook.
All Clear Facts
1 In favour of streaming The first method of recording sound
2 Against streaming was invented in 1877 by Thomas
3 Is streaming the future? Edison. It was called the phonograph.
4 How does streaming work?
5 Streaming to the rescue
2 Read the text again. Write true or false in your notebook. Copy the text that shows
your answers.
1 The music industry had many difficulties before streaming.
2 You have to pay to listen to music on streaming sites.
3 Musicians aren’t paid any money by music labels.
4 Musicians can get good publicity from music streaming services.
5 Thom Yorke has spoken in favour of streaming.
3 What arguments are mentioned in favour of streaming in the text? What arguments are
mentioned against streaming?
Unit 9 83
Grammar
The passive
Present simple passive Past simple passive
Their song is played on the radio Their song was played on the radio yesterday.
Affirmative every day.
Their songs aren’t played on the Their songs weren’t played on the radio
Negative radio every day. yesterday.
Interrogative Are their songs played on the radio Were their songs played on the radio
every day? yesterday?
1 Look at the sentences in the table. 4 In pairs, ask and answer your
How do you form the passive? questions in exercise 3.
All Clear Rules 5 Complete the sentences with the correct

past simple passive form of the verbs.
We use the passive when we want to stress
1 The cover of Sergeant Pepper …
the action, not the person who does it.
(design) by an artist called Peter Blake.
Active: People download millions of songs
every day. 2 The pictures of the people … (made)
Passive: Millions of songs are downloaded of card.
every day. 3 The people … (choose) by The Beatles
because they admired them.
2 Complete the sentences with the 4 At least three people from their
affirmative and negative form of the original list … (not include) in the end.
present simple passive. 5 The recording of the album …
1 Music … (record) in a studio. (complete) in April 1967.
2 Microphones … (positioned) in 6 The album … (not release) until June
different parts of the studio. 1967.
3 Most new albums … (not released) on 6 Write complete questions using the
vinyl. past simple passive in your notebook.
4 The recording … (divide) into many
1 Who / the cover / design / by?
different tracks.
2 What / the pictures of the people /
5 Cassettes … (not sell) in many music
make / of?
shops.
3 Who / the people / choose / by?
3 Write complete questions using the 4 How many people / not include / on
present simple passive in your notebook. the final album cover?
computers / use / at your school? 5 When / the recording / complete?
Are computers used at your school? 6 the album / release / in April?
1 How / your bedroom / decorate?
2 dictionaries / allow / in your English Active and passive
class? Active Passive
3 new music videos / upload / to Millions of people use YouTube is used by
YouTube every day? YouTube. millions of people.
4 How often / festivals / celebrate / in Apple invented the The iPod was
your region? iPod. invented by Apple.
84
7 Look at the sentences in the table on Tense revision
page 98 and complete the rules with
Active or Passive. 9 Read the text about Lorde and write
a) … sentences start with the person or the correct words in your notebook.
thing that does the action. Lorde (1)is / was a
b) … sentences start with the person or singer-songwriter.
thing the action is done to. She (2)was / is born
in New Zealand
All Clear Rules in 1996. She
(3)
is influenced /
We can use by to introduce the person who influences by
does or did the action in passive sentences.
different musical
Royals was written by Lorde.
genres as well as
literature and poetry and she started
8 Rewrite the sentences in your notebook writing songs at the age of 14. Lorde
using the correct form of the passive. (4)
became / was become famous in
Omit by where possible.
2013 when her first EP (5)was released /
They produce records in factories. released for download via SoundCloud.
Records are produced in factories. Her first album Pure Heroine was a
1 Chris Martin wrote Viva la Vida. Number 1 all around the world and the
Viva la Vida … most well-known song from that album,
2 Radio stations play a lot of songs every day. Royals, (6)received / was received over
A lot of songs … 750,000 hits on YouTube. In fact, her
3 They released their album in 2001. songs (7)download / are downloaded
Their album … by thousands of people every day!
4 She didn’t give us permission to go out. Another one of her songs (8)included /
We … was included on the soundtrack to the
5 DJs play that song all the time. second Hunger Games film. We hope she
That song … goes on tour in the UK soon.
6 Amy invited him to the concert.
He …
All Clear
Marshall Bruce Mathers III (1)usually knows / is usually
Grammar
known as Eminem. He (2)is / was a rapper, record producer 1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9
and actor. He first (3)became / was becoming popular in
1999 when his album The Slim Shady LP (4)released / was
released. The album (5)became / was become a record-
breaking best-seller and it (6)won / was winning a Grammy
for Best Rap Album. Since then, Eminem (7)won / has won
many other awards. His songs (8)played / are played all the
time. Furthermore, he (9)was starring / has starred in a top
film. What else (10)does he do / will he do in the future?
11 2.49

Vocabulary
Negative prefixes
1 2.50
Listen and repeat the words. How 3 Copy and complete the table with the
do you say them in Bulgarian? negative form of the words in exercise 1.
adventurous • friendly • happy • imaginative • un- im- il-
legal • logical • necessary • original • patient •
unoriginal impossible illogical
perfect • possible • practical • reliable •
supportive • trustworthy
4 Complete the sentences with the
negative adjectives in exercise 3.
She never helps her friends – she’s really
unsupportive.
1 I don’t understand what the question
means, so it’s … to answer.
2 They are very … and hate waiting!
3 You don’t have to do that – it’s … .
4 That is against the law. It’s … .
5 Don’t tell him your secrets. He’s …
She loves wearing impractical shoes.
and he’ll tell everyone!
6 He never likes visiting new places or
2 Read sentences 1–3 and find three
negative prefixes. doing exciting things. He’s so … .
7 I saw her crying this morning. She
1 The song doesn't sound new – it’s
looked really … .
really unoriginal.
8 They never have any new ideas.
2 That doesn’t make sense – it’s
They’re so … .
completely illogical.
3 It’s impossible to use this website –
it doesn't work very well.
Listening
5 2.51 Listen to the programme. Why is the new music trend important in the music industry?
6 Listen again. Write true or false in your notebook.

1 The new musicians aren’t very successful in the
music charts.
2 The artists don’t have managers or record labels.
3 According to Luke, digital music is more popular
than physical music.
4 Luke believes that the music industry hasn’t
changed in the last 15 years.
5 Saida is going to watch one of the new artists
play live.
86
Speaking
Agreeing and disagreeing / A concert
1 2.52
Listen to the dialogue. Which concert does Mia want to go to?
Model Dialogue
Kristina
I really want to
get a ticket for Mia
the Lady Gaga Me too. Her live
concert. shows are
amazing.
Have you heard her new
album? It’s her best. I totally disagree. I think
her last album had much
I see what you mean, but better songs. Louis
I think the concert will be
great anyway. Yeah, I think so too. Can No, I can’t. I’ve got
you come, Louis? a ticket for the
Katy Perry concert. Why don’t
No, thanks! I don’t like you come with me instead?
Katy Perry.
Me neither, but have fun!
Speaking Task
1 Talk about a concert 2 Prepare a dialogue
Choose one of the bands or artists below Look at the Model Dialogue and change
or choose others. the words in blue.
3 Speak
I really want to get a ticket
for the Bruno Mars concert.
Me too. His live shows are really good.

Rihanna Bruno Mars
Useful Language
Agreeing and disagreeing
I think so too. I totally disagree.
Me too. I see what you mean.
Me neither.
The Arctic Monkeys
Unit 9 87
Writing
A description of a musical hero
1 2.53
1 When was Jessie J born? 4 What are her main musical achievements?
2 What does she do? 5 What else does she do?
3 When did she become famous? 6 Why does the writer admire her?
Model Text
Jessica Cornish was born in London in 1988. She is
usually known by her artistic name, Jessie J. She is an
English singer-songwriter.
She became famous at the age of 23 when her first
album, Who You Are, was released in 2011. It went to
number one in the UK Charts and millions of copies
were sold around the world. Since then, she has
performed live at concerts and festivals all over the
world. In 2012, she gave a spectacular performance at
the London Olympics. Recently, she has released her
second album, Alive, and is planning a tour now.
Incredibly, she has also found time to do lots of amazing
charity work. In 2013, she shaved off all her hair
on live TV to raise money for different charities. Writing Task
I admire Jessie J for her fantastic music and her 1 Plan
work to help others.
Make notes about the person you
are going to write about and include:
2 Look at the All Clear Tips. Translate the Personal details: name, when and
time expressions in bold. where they were born, what they do
Musical achievements: hits, albums,
All Clear Tips sales, awards, performances, plans
Other achievements: charity work,
Time expressions other achievements
Taylor Swift was born in 1989. She released her Conclusion: why you admire this person
first single at the age of 17 and her second album
came out a year later. It was number one for 11 2 Write
weeks. Two years ago she won a Grammy and Use the Model Text, your notes and
since then she has won other awards. Last year, this structure:
she went on tour. Recently, she has appeared in
her first film. She is planning a new album now. Paragraph 1: Personal details
Paragraph 2: Musical achievements
3 Write the correct words in your notebook. Paragraph 3: Other achievements
Paragraph 4: Conclusion
1 Kid Cudi was born in / at 1984.
2 He became famous in / at the age of 25.
3 Check
3 Last / Recently, he sang with Lady Gaga.
music
4 A year ago / last he starred in a TV series.
the passive, different tenses
5 He is thinking about doing a film now /
time expressions
since.
88
Culture Reading
Famous music venues

The Sydney Opera House, in The Metropolitan Opera House, or
THE MET
THE SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE
Australia, is one of the great iconic ‘The Met’, is in New York. It is the
buildings of the 20th century. It was home of The Metropolitan Opera,
opened in 1973 by Queen Elizabeth America’s biggest classical music
II. It is famous for music concerts organization. It has a young artists
and theatre performances in the six programme to help young singers
separate venues inside. It is the develop their careers. Luciano
home of the Sydney Symphony Pavarotti became famous after
Orchestra and Opera Australia. It is singing there. Other famous singers
one of the busiest performing arts such as Plácido Domingo regularly
centres in the world. Every year, sing there. The Met has broadcast
more than 1,500 performances are live performances on the radio
attended by about two million since 1931 and now they are
people. Many famous pop stars and streamed directly to smartphones.
singers have performed at the
Opera House. There’s something for
everyone.
Phonetics
2.54
questions in your notebook. Sentence stress and /ə/
1 What can you see at the Sydney Opera
a 2.55
L isten and repeat the sentences.
House apart from opera? Which words have the main
2 How many people go to performances stress in each sentence? What
at the Sydney Opera House every year? happens to the words in blue?
3 Where is The Met? 1 Sydney Opera House was opened
4 What can you watch on your by the Queen.
smartphone? 2 Performances are attended by
about two million people.
3 It is the home of The Metropolitan
Opera.
4 Are plays performed at your school?
b 2.56
Listen and repeat the words
and phrases with the /ə/ sound.
Unit 9 89
bulary
Voca
Verb and noun collocations
Films
Music
Suffixes
Negative prefixes
Making friends
1 Work with a partner. Read the clues and write the words in your notebook.
Who can finish first?
1 You can give or receive it: p… 6 It is the opposite of patient: i…
2 A film can win it: a… 7 You tell it to make someone laugh: j…
3 It means disagreement: a… 8 In the cinema, you see a film on it: s…
4 It is a music event, eg. Woodstock: f… 9 It means not happy: u…
5 It is a group of musicians: b… 10 They are one’s ideas for the future: p…
Grammar
Second conditional
Future forms: will, be going to,
The passive
present continuous
Active and passive
First conditional
Tense review
Obligation, prohibition and
advice
Future forms
1 Write the correct words in your 3 you / shake hands when you meet
notebook. someone new. (should)
1 I think the film will win / is winning 4 students / be late for class. (mustn’t)
an award tomorrow. 5 you / invite me to your barbecue next
2 They aren’t going / don’t go to go on weekend. (must)
holiday next summer.
3 Will cinemas change / Are cinemas First and second conditionals
changing a lot in the future?
3 Complete the conditional sentences
4 I don’t think he will / won’t be in the with the correct form of the verbs in
film. brackets.
5 Be quiet! The film is going to / will
1 If you work hard, you … (pass) your
start.
exams.
2 If my friend … (tell) me a lie, I would
Modal verbs be very unhappy.
2 Write complete sentences using 3 What … (you / do) if you had an
the modal verbs in brackets in your argument with your best friend?
notebook. 4 I will come to the cinema if you …
1 you / be home at 11 pm? (have to) (buy) me a ticket.
2 my cousins / study English in their 5 If I won a million euros, I … (not
school. (don’t have to) spend) the money – I … (save) it.
90
Cultural Awareness:
Easter
Home Chat Videos Topics Review Top 10
Chestit Velikden (Честит Великден) ! Or Happy Easter, in English! How are you, Grant? Do you celebrate Easter
like we do in Bulgaria? It’s a special time here for the family to be together. We sit and paint eggs in lovely
colours. But you have to cook the eggs first so they don’t break! On Thursday we make Kozunaks – it’s a sweet
bread. It’s very difficult to make but it tastes great. And on Sunday – well, do you remember those eggs? On
Sunday we have egg fights to see who has the strongest egg! I love Easter in Bulgaria!
Elena05 (online a moment ago) 44 minutes ago
Attachments:
Hey, Elena! Happy Easter! We also paint eggs – but then our parents put them around the house and garden
and we need to see how many we can find. It’s good fun but my sister always finds more eggs than I do :-( .
There’s also a game we can play with the President of America – The White House Easter Egg Roll! On Easter
Monday you can take an egg and a spoon to the grass next to the White House. You win the game by pushing
your egg fastest with the spoon. We don’t make sweet bread but we buy and eat chocolate Easter eggs.
Yummy!
GranTK (online) 41 minutes ago
Attachments:
1 Read the two chat posts. In which country, Bulgaria (B) or America (US), do you find at
Easter time:
1 people fighting with eggs?
2 people racing with eggs?
3 a famous person?
4 a type of sweet bread?
5 special sweets for Easter?
2 Are the sentences below true (T) or false (F)?

1 In Bulgaria, you do not cook the eggs before you paint them.
2 In Bulgaria, you throw your egg at somebody to win an egg fight.
3 In America, you look for the hidden eggs.
4 Americans eat sweet bread too at Easter time.
5 In both texts we learn about special holiday traditions.
Units 7–9 91
Cultural Awareness:
Music
1 How much do you know about music in Britain? Do the quiz.
1 What instruments can be heard in traditional English folk music?

a organs b panpipes c violins
2 Bagpipes are from …
a Northern Ireland. b Scotland. c Wales.
3 Which one of the Beatles continues to be successful today?
a Ringo Starr b Paul McCartney c John Lennon
4 How do most people in Britain listen to their music these days?
a on mp3 players b on the radio c on vinyl
5 What is the name of the classical concerts held at the Royal Albert Hall in the summer?
a The Prawns b The Bombs c The Proms
6 There are hundreds of music festivals in Britain – the most famous is Glastonbury,
which is held in …
a June. b July. c August.
WATCH
2 Watch the documentary about music and

answer the questions.
1 What sort of music do students at school
often play?
2 What is the name of the venue in London
which hosts concerts by world famous
artists such as Coldplay? 1:12
3 What kind of shows are Cats and
Les Misérables?
92
1:17 1:12 1:07 1:37
Digital Competence:
Presentations
Give a presentation about a type of music or a singer.
Look at the digital presentation. What is it about?
search
TASK Prepare a presentation about a different kind of music. Follow the steps below.
Step 1 Decide Step 2 Prepare your Step 3 Practise Step 4 Give
which kind of music presentation together. giving your your presentation
you are going to do the Write the text and presentation. to the class. Ask
presentation about and prepare any video clips, your classmates
find information, videos sound, or photos that for feedback!
and photos about that you want to include.
kind of music.
93
1:37 1:19 1:23 1:54
Macmillan Life Skills Collaborative Project 1
TASK Make a poster about your favourite gadgets.
1 Ideas s have you got?

technology or gadget
What
When did you get your gadgets?
sents?
Did you buy them or were they pre
Why do you like them?
Which is your favourite? Why?
My notes
2 Group
Work
Name My mp3 player
I got it June last year –
birthday
Which gadget does ever
Bought or a present from my group like? Why?
yone in the
a present? parents
Which gadgets are usef
I like it small and light, all ul?
because … my favourite music Which gadgets are cool
?
on it, beautiful Which gadgets do people
green colour dislike? Why?
Choose one gadget an
d write notes:
I use it … when I’m walking • name
to school, on long
journeys, anywhere! • when it came out
• what it’s useful for
• its advantages
• its disadvantages, if an
y
• other information
3 Write
Write a short text
about the gadget
you chose, using
your notes.
My mp3 player is m
y favourite gadget.
got it in June last ye I
ar for my birthday. It
from my parents. I lik was a present
e it because it’s very
It has all my favourite small and light.
music on it and it’s a
green colour. I use it beautiful
all the time – for exam
I’m walking to scho ple, when
ol or on long, boring
journeys. In fact, I ca train or car
n use it anywhere!
94
5 Pictures
Find or take photos of
your gadget
or draw a picture.
4 Check
eck it for:
Read your text and ch
• capital letters
• punctuation
• apostrophes (’s)
• spelling
• correct use of tens
es
6 Display
Make a poster. Include your texts,
photos and pictures. Show your
project to the class.
Check your life skills

Draw the face that describes your and your group’s life skills.
= Very good = Good = Needs more work
You Your group
Working with other students
Completing work on time
Taking good notes More
Enjoying working on the project life skills
Helping other students Work with other people to
share and discuss ideas.
Working hard Brainstorming is a life skill.
Following all the steps
95
TASK Make a poster about a journey round Europe.
1 Ideas .
trip around Europe
Plan a
rney?
Where do you want to start your jou
Where do you want to finish?
visit? Why?
Which four places do you want to
When do you want to go?
h place?
How long do you want to stay in eac
My notes
Places to visit
1 Valencia
it’s fun and by
2 Group
Why? the sea
When? beginning of
June
How lon
2
g? two weeks
Paris
it’s beautiful
Work
Which place does everyo
Why? ne in your
group like?
When? middle of June Choose one place and wr
ite notes:
How long? a weekend
• famous places to visit
3 Venice
• typical food and drink
Why? it’s old and
interesting • a place to stay
When? middle of June • something to do in the
evening
How long? a few days
4 Stockholm
it’s cool and
Why? trendy
When? around 24th
June for
midsummer
How long? a week
3 Write
Write a short text
ab
researched, using out the place you
your notes.
I want to visit Stoc
kholm in Sweden
cool and trendy ci because it’s a
ty. I want to go arou
for midsummer. I nd 24th June
want to visit the Ro
and the Vasa Mus yal Palace
eum – a museum
old ship. Typical Sw with a famous
edish food and dr
meatballs and bilb ink are fish or
erry juice. I’d like to
centre of the city. stay in the
In the evening I w
midsummer party ant to go to a
and stay up all nigh
t.
96
5 Pictures
Find photos or draw pi
ctures of the
place you want to visit.
4 Check
eck it for:
• capital letters
• punctuation
• spelling
es
6 Display

You Your group
Taking good notes More
Enjoying working on the project
life skills
Helping other students Use the internet to find out
Working hard about people, places and
facts. Using the internet
Following all the steps effectively is a life skill.
97
TASK Make a poster about a new band.
1 Ideas
a band!
Invent
What is the name of your band?
play?
What type of music do you want to
the band?
Which instruments will you have in
d?
How many people will be in the ban
Tall Trees
My notes
2 Group
Work
Name of band
Type of music pop / rock
Instruments in guitar Choose a name for your
the band bass guitar band.
drums Agree on the type of mus
ic, instruments
keyboards and number of people in
your band.
People in the me Write notes:
band Pablo • name of your first hit
Mariela song
Nuria • name of your first CD
• location of future conc
erts
• other information
3 Write
Write a press rele
ase
person in the grou about your band. Each
p
thing: informatio writes about a different
n about the band
news about a new , recent news,
CD, tour dates.
Tall Trees is a brillia
nt new band from
four band membe Javea. The
rs met at school. Jo
is the singer and he sé Fernandez
plays guitar. Pablo
plays bass guitar. M Rodríguez
ariela Franco-Reyes
and Nuria Abarca pl is on drums
ays the keyboards.
song, See Me, went Their first hit
to number one in te
Their first CD, Forest n countries.
, comes out next w
playing at Benicàss eek. They are
im this summer. Don
’t miss them!
98
5 Pictures
Take photos or draw pi
ctur
your band. Design an alb es of
um cover.
4 Check
eck it for:
• capital letters
• punctuation
• spelling
es 6 Display

You Your group
Taking good notes
More
Enjoying working on the project life skills
Listen to other people’s
Helping other students ideas and work together
Working hard to choose the best ones.
Working collaboratively
Following all the steps is a life skill.
99
Irregular verbs
Infinitive Past simple Past participle
be /biː/ was, were /wɒz, wɜː(r)/ been /biːn/
beat /biːt/ beat /biːt/ beaten /ˈbiːt(ə)n/
become /bɪˈkʌm/ became /bɪˈkeɪm/ become /bɪˈkʌm/
begin /bɪˈɡɪn/ began /bɪˈɡæn/ begun /bɪˈɡʌn/
bite /baɪt/ bit /bɪt/ bitten /ˈbɪt(ə)n/
break /breɪk/ broke /brəʊk/ broken /ˈbrəʊkən/
bring /brɪŋ/ brought /brɔːt/ brought /brɔːt/
build /bɪld/ built /bɪlt/ built /bɪlt/
buy /baɪ/ bought /bɔːt/ bought /bɔːt/
catch /kætʃ/ caught /kɔːt/ caught /kɔːt/
choose /tʃuːz/ chose /tʃəʊz/ chosen /ˈtʃəʊz(ə)n/
come /kʌm/ came /keɪm/ come /kʌm/
cost /kɒst/ cost /kɒst/ cost /kɒst/
cut /kʌt/ cut /kʌt/ cut /kʌt/
do /duː/ did /dɪd/ done /dʌn/
draw /drɔː/ drew /druː/ drawn /drɔːn/
dream /driːm/ dreamt, dreamed /dremt, driːmd/ dreamt, dreamed /dremt, driːmd/
drink /drɪŋk/ drank /dræŋk/ drunk /drʌŋk/
drive /draɪv/ drove /drəʊv/ driven /ˈdrɪv(ə)n/
eat /iːt/ ate /eɪt/ eaten /ˈiːt(ə)n/
fall /fɔːl/ fell /fel/ fallen /ˈfɔːlən/
feed /fiːd/ fed /fed/ fed /fed/
feel /fiːl/ felt /felt/ felt /felt/
fight /faɪt/ fought /fɔːt/ fought /fɔːt/
find /faɪnd/ found /faʊnd/ found /faʊnd/
fly /flaɪ/ flew /fluː/ flown /fləʊn/
forget /fə(r)ˈɡet/ forgot /fə(r)ˈɡɒt/ forgotten /fə(r)ˈɡɒt(ə)n/
get /ɡet/ got /ɡɒt/ got /ɡɒt/
give /ɡɪv/ gave /ɡeɪv/ given /ˈɡɪv(ə)n/
go /ɡəʊ/ went /went/ gone /ɡɒn/
grow /ɡrəʊ/ grew /ɡruː/ grown /ɡrəʊn/
have /hæv/ had /hæd/ had /hæd/
hear /hɪə(r)/ heard /hɜː(r)d/ heard /hɜː(r)d/
hide /haɪd/ hid /hɪd/ hidden /ˈhɪd(ə)n/
hit /hɪt/ hit /hɪt/ hit /hɪt/
hold /həʊld/ held /held/ held /held/
hurt /hɜː(r)t/ hurt /hɜː(r)t/ hurt /hɜː(r)t/
keep /kiːp/ kept /kept/ kept /kept/
know /nəʊ/ knew /njuː/ known /nəʊn/
learn /lɜː(r)n/ learnt, learned /lɜː(r)nt, lɜː(r)nd/ learnt, learned /lɜː(r)nt, lɜː(r)nd/
100
Infinitive Past simple Past participle
leave /liːv/ left /left/ left /left/
lend /lend/ lent /lent/ lent /lent/
let /let/ let /let/ let /let/
lose /luːz/ lost /lɒst/ lost /lɒst/
make /meɪk/ made /meɪd/ made /meɪd/
mean /miːn/ meant /ment/ meant /ment/
meet /miːt/ met /met/ met /met/
pay /peɪ/ paid /peɪd/ paid /peɪd/
put /pʊt/ put /pʊt/ put /pʊt/
read /riːd/ read /red/ read /red/
ring /rɪŋ/ rang /ræŋ/ rung /rʌŋ/
run /rʌn/ ran /ræn/ run /rʌn/
say /seɪ/ said /sed/ said /sed/
see /siː/ saw /sɔː/ seen /siːn/
sell /sel/ sold /səʊld/ sold /səʊld/
send /send/ sent /sent/ sent /sent/
shine /ʃaɪn/ shone /ʃɒn/ shone /ʃɒn/
shoot /ʃuːt/ shot /ʃɒt/ shot /ʃɒt/
show /ʃəʊ/ showed /ʃəʊd/ shown /ʃəʊn/
shut /ʃʌt/ shut /ʃʌt/ shut /ʃʌt/
sing /sɪŋ/ sang /sæŋ/ sung /sʌŋ/
sit /sɪt/ sat /sæt/ sat /sæt/
sleep /sliːp/ slept /slept/ slept /slept/
speak /spiːk/ spoke /spəʊk/ spoken /ˈspəʊkən/
spell /spel/ spelt /spelt/ spelt /spelt/
spend /spend/ spent /spent/ spent /spent/
stand /stænd/ stood /stʊd/ stood /stʊd/
steal /stiːl/ stole /stəʊl/ stolen /ˈstəʊl(ə)n/
swim /swɪm/ swam /swæm/ swum /swʌm/
take /teɪk/ took /tʊk/ taken /ˈteɪkən/
teach /tiːtʃ/ taught /tɔːt/ taught /tɔːt/
tell /tel/ told /təʊld/ told /təʊld/
think /θɪŋk/ thought /θɔːt/ thought /θɔːt/
throw /θrəʊ/ threw /θruː/ thrown /θrəʊn/
understand /ˌʌndə(r)ˈstænd/ understood /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/ understood /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/
wake /weɪk/ woke /woʊk/ woken /ˈwoʊkən/
wear /weə(r)/ wore /wɔː(r)/ worn /wɔː(r)n/
win /wɪn/ won /wʌn/ won /wʌn/
write /raɪt/ wrote /rəʊt/ written /ˈrɪt(ə)n/
101
Phonetic symbols
Consonants Vowels
1 /p/ as in pen /pen/ 25 /iː/ as in sea /siː/
2 /b/ as in big /bɪɡ/ 26 /ɪ/ as in his /hɪz/
3 /t/ as in tea /tiː/ 27 /i/ as in twenty /ˈtwenti/
4 /d/ as in dog /dɒɡ/ 28 /e/ as in ten /ten/
5 /k/ as in cold /kəʊld/ 29 /æ/ as in man /mæn/
6 /g/ as in go /ɡəʊ/ 30 /ɑː/ as in father /ˈfɑːðə(r)/
7 /f/ as in foot /fʊt/ 31 /ɒ/ as in hot /hɒt/
8 /v/ as in very /ˈveri/ 32 /ɔː/ as in talk /tɔːk/
9 /s/ as in sell /sel/ 33 /ʊ/ as in football /ˈfʊtˌbɔːl/
10 /z/ as in zoo /zuː/ 34 /uː/ as in lose /luːz/
11 /l/ as in leg /leɡ/ 35 /ʌ/ as in cut /kʌt/
12 /m/ as in milk /mɪlk/ 36 /ɜː/ as in girl /ɡɜː(r)l/
13 /n/ as in nose /nəʊz/ 37 /ə/ as in letter /ˈletə(r)/
14 /h/ as in happy /ˈhæpi/
15 /r/ as in river /ˈrɪvə(r)/
16 /j/ as in yoghurt /ˈjɒɡə(r)t/ Diphtongs (two vowels together)
17 /w/ as in want /wɒnt/ 38 /eɪ/ as in take /teɪk/
18 /θ/ as in thanks /θæŋks/ 39 /əʊ/ as in phone /fəʊn/
19 /ð/ as in the /ðə/ 40 /aɪ/ as in my /maɪ/
20 /ʃ/ as in short /ʃɔː(r)t/ 41 /aʊ/ as in house /haʊs/
21 /ʒ/ as in television /ˈtelɪˌvɪʒ(ə)n/ 42 /ɔɪ/ as in boy /bɔɪ/
22 /tʃ/ as in chair /tʃeə(r)/ 43 /ɪə/ as in year /jɪə(r)/
23 /dʒ/ as in enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ 44 /eə/ as in where /weə(r)/
24 /ŋ/ as in English /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ 45 /ʊə/ as in tour /tʊə(r)/
102
Unit 1 Grammar Reference
Unit 1
Present simple Negative Contracted form
• we use the present simple for habits and routines I am not listening ’m not listening
• we form the present simple with the base form You are not listening ’m not listening
(eg play, watch) of the verb. We add -s or -es to He / She / It is not listening aren’t listening
the verb with he, she or it We / You / They are not listening aren’t listening
They play football. • we form the negative with not
She plays tennis. They aren’t relaxing.
• we form the negative with do not (don’t) + the
Questions and short answers
verb. We use does not (doesn’t) + the verb Am I listening?
(without -s or -es) with he, she or it Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
They do not (don’t) play football. Are you listening?
She does not (doesn’t) play tennis. Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
• we put do / does before the subject in ques- Is he / she / it listening?
Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it isn’t.
tions. In short answers, we use do / don’t or
Are we / you / they listening?
does / doesn’t without the verb
Yes, we / you / they are. No, we / you / they aren’t.
Do you play football?
Yes, I do. No, I don’t. • we form questions with be + subject + verb
-ing, in short answers we use to be, not -ing.
Adverbs of frequency Is she playing tennis?
Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
0% 100%
never hardly sometimes often usually always
ever Time expressions
• adverbs of frequency go before the verb but • with the present and the present continuous
after the verb to be time expressions (eg once a week, every day, now)
I always drive a car. usually go at the end of the phrase, but they can
They are sometimes happy. go at the beginning
He plays tennis twice a week.
Present continuous On Mondays I do voluntary work.
I’m watching TV at the moment.
Affirmative Contracted form
I am playing ’m playing
Gerunds
You are playing ’re playing
• we use the gerund (-ing form) after verbs for
He / She / It is playing ’s playing
like or dislike and after prepositions
We / You / They are playing ’re playing
I love playing football.
• we use the present continuous to describe She’s good at learning languages.
what is happening at the moment
Karen is learning French.
• we form the present continuous with be +
verb + -ing
I am watching TV now.
103
Unit 2 Past continuous
Affirmative
Past simple I was writing
• was and were are the past forms of the verb to be You were writing
• we use was with I / he / she / it and were with He / She / It was writing
you / we / you / they• we form the nega- He / She / It was writing
tive with was not (wasn’t) or were not (weren’t) • we use the past continuous to describe actions
He was not (wasn’t) excited. that were in progress in the past
• we put was / were before the subject in ques- • we form the past continuous with subject +
tions and in short answers we use was / wasn’t was / were + verb + -ing
or were / weren’t
Negative Contracted form
Were your parents at home yesterday?
I was not listening wasn’t listening
Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
You were not listening weren’t listening
Affirmative He / She / It was not listening wasn’t listening
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They decided We / You / They were not listening weren’t listening
Negative
I / You / He / She / It We / You / They did not learn • we use was not (wasn’t) or were not (weren’t)
(didn’t learn) to form the negative
They weren’t working.
Did I / you go? Questions and short answers
Yes, I / you did. No, I / you didn’t. Was I reading?
Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t.
Did he / she / it go?
Yes, he / she / it did. No, he / she / it didn’t. Were you reading?
Yes, you were. No, you weren’t.
Did we / you / they go?
Yes, we / you / they did. No, we / you / they didn’t. Was he / she / it reading?
Yes, he / she / it was. No, he / she / it wasn’t.
• we use the past simple to talk about events in Were we / you / they reading?
the past Yes, we / you / they were. No, we / you / they weren’t.
• for most verbs, add -ed in the past simple
• we form questions with was / were + subject +
• for verbs that end in -e, add -d
-ing, in short answers we use the subject +
arrive arrived
was / wasn’t or were / weren’t
• for verbs that end in consonant + -y, omit the
-y and add -ied
carry carried
• for verbs that end in consonant + vowel + con-
sonant, double the final consonant and add -ed
travel travelled
104
Unit 3 • we use the present simple for habits and daily
routines
She brushes her teeth before she goes to bed.
Past tenses
• we use the present continuous for an action
• we often use the past continuous and the past
that is happening at the moment of speaking
simple in the same sentence
What are you doing now?
When she was falling, her parachute didn’t open.
• we use the past continuous for actions in present
simple continuous
progress in the past and the past simple for
+ I / You walked I was walking
events which interrupt the action in progress
He / She / It walked You were walking
John was watching TV when Beth arrived.
• we also use the past simple for a sequence of We / You / They walked He / She / It was walking
actions in the past We / You / They were
walking
Joan crashed and her heart stopped.
– I / You didn’t walk I wasn’t walking
past continuous
He / She / It didn’t walk You weren’t walking
We / You / They didn’t He / She / It wasn’t
past simple now walk walking
We / You / They
weren’t walking
past simple past simple now ? Did I / you walk? Was I walking?
Did he / she / it walk? Were you walking?
when and while Did we / you / they Was he / she / it walking?
when and while walk?
Were we / you / they
He was running away when the bear attacked. walking?
While he was running away, the bear attacked.
• we use the past simple for a completed action
• we use the past simple after when or a completed sequence of actions in the past
• we use the past continuous after while Last night I had dinner, read a book and went
to bed.
Present and past tenses • we use the past continuous for an action that
present was in progress in the past
simple continuous I was watching TV at 10 o’clock last night.
+ I / You walk I’m walking
He / She / It walks You’re walking
We / You / They walk He / She / It‘s walking
We / You / They‘re
walking
– I / You don’t walk I‘m not walking
He / She / It doesn’t walk You‘re not walking
We / You / They don’t He / She / It’s not walking
walk We / You / They’re not
walking
? Do I / you walk? Am I walking?
Does he / she / it walk? Are you walking?
Do we / you / they walk? Is he / she / it walking?
Are we / you / they
walking?
105
Unit 4 • in questions, the order is will / won’t + subject +
infinitive without to. We don’t repeat the
infinitive without to in short answers
Relative pronouns
Will you go on holiday next year?
people things time places No, I won’t.
who which when where • we also use will in offers and requests
that that – – I’ll pay for dinner.
• we use relative pronouns to give essential Please will you make me a cake?
information about people, things, time and going to
places. They are used to link two sentences • we use going to to talk about future plans and
That’s the man. He lives on my street. intentions
That’s the man who lives on my street. • we form sentences with subject + be + going to +
• we use who for people, which for things, when infinitive without to
for time and where for places I’m going to visit my grandparents on Sunday.
• we can use that instead of who or which We aren’t going to watch television tonight.
• we form questions with be + subject + going to +
some / any / no compounds infinitive without to. We don’t repeat going to +
people things places infinitive in short answers
someone something somewhere Is he going to visit the zoo tomorrow?
anyone anything anywhere Yes, he is.
no one nothing nowhere Present continuous
• some is used with countable and uncountable • we use the present continuous for definite
nouns in affirmative sentences future plans and arrangements
I want to go somewhere hot on holiday this year! • we form the present continuous with subject +
• any can be used in both negative sentences be + verb + -ing
and questions I’m playing football on Saturday.
I haven’t bought anything all week. They aren’t painting the house this summer.
Has anyone seen that new film yet? • we form questions with be + subject +
• no can only be used in negative sentences verb + -ing. We don’t repeat the verb + -ing
There’s nothing interesting on television tonight. in short answers
• we add -one to talk about people, -thing to talk Is he coming to the party on Friday?
about things and -where to talk about places Yes, he is.
• we can also replace -one with -body: somebody,
anybody, nobody. Present simple
• we use the present simple to talk about actions
The future and arrangements based on timetables and
schedules
will Anne's plane arrives in an hour. We have to
• we use will or won’t + infinitive without to to leave soon to greet her at the airport.
make predictions about the future
He’ll win the competition.
They won’t be late.
106
Unit 5 ever, never, just, already and yet
• we use ever in questions and never in negative
Present perfect sentences to talk about experiences
I’ve never done a sponsored swim.
Affirmative Contracted form
• we use just to talk about situations that
I / You have been ‘ve been
happened a moment ago
He / She / It has been ‘s been
I've just finished my dinner.
We / You / They have been ‘ve been
• we use already in affirmative sentences
• we use the present perfect to talk about to stress that something happened before
experiences or actions in the past when we don’t the moment of speaking
mention (or we don’t know) the exact time I've already booked the tickets.
He has bought a raffle ticket. • we use yet in negative sentences to stress that
• we form the affirmative of the present perfect something didn't happen before the moment
with have / has + the past participle of the verb of speaking
My dad has built a swimming pool. I haven't done my homework yet.
Negative Contracted form • we use yet in questions to ask if something
I / You have not done haven’t done happened before the moment of speaking
He / She / It has not done hasn’t done Has she come back home yet?
We / You / They have not done haven’t done
for and since
• we form the negative with haven’t / hasn’t +
• we use How long with present perfect
the past participle of the verb
questions to ask about the duration of
We haven’t collected any money for an animal
an activity or situation
charity.
How long has she been a doctor?
Questions and short answers • we use for with durations of time
Have I / you (ever) seen …? She’s been a doctor for more than a year.
Yes, I / you have. No, I / you haven’t.
• we use since with starting points in time
Has he / she / it (ever) seen …?
Yes, he / she / it has. No, he / she / it hasn’t. (when the activity commenced)
Have we / you / they (ever) seen …? She’s been a doctor since August 2009.
Yes, we / you / they have. No, we / you / they haven’t. for since
ten minutes 2010
• we form questions with have / has + subject +
two hours 2pm
past participle
four days April
What have you done?
three weeks this morning
• we often use ever with the present perfect to a month I was born
ask questions about experiences in the past a year Saturday
Have you ever sold raffle tickets for charity? a long time last night
• we use present perfect + never to talk about
experiences we haven’t had
I’ve never been to Rome.
• for regular verbs, the past participle is the same
as the past simple
107
Unit 6 Quantity
• we use some, any, a lot of, a few, a little, much
Present perfect and past simple and many to talk about quantities of things
• we use the present perfect to talk about continuing • we use a lot of with plural countable nouns and
situations when the time period is not finished uncountable nouns to talk about a large quantity
He has had that mp3 player for six months. They eat a lot of fruit and vegetables.
• we also use the present perfect for things that • we use some in affirmative sentences with plu-
have happened once or a number of times in a ral countable nouns and uncountable nouns to
certain time period talk about a medium quantity
I’ve been to the gym twice this week. All students will need to bring some warm clothes.
• we use a few in affirmative sentences with plural
• we use the present perfect to talk about
countable nouns to talk about a small quantity
experiences in the past when we don’t know
Please pack a few extra socks as the camp is
or don’t mention the exact time
cold at night.
They have been to the USA.
• we use a little in affirmative sentences with un-
• we never use the present perfect for
something that happened at a specific time
You can bring a little money.
in the past, we use the past simple in this case
• we use many in negative sentences with plural
We went to the cinema last Saturday.
• we use the past simple to talk about
I don’t have many friends.
completed actions at a definite time in the past
• we use much in negative sentences with un-
They went to the USA in 2009.
• we use the present perfect to ask questions
She doesn’t have much time.
about experiences in the past
• we use any in negative sentences with plural
Have you ever been to the USA?
countable nouns and uncountable nouns to
• we use past simple questions to ask for more
talk about zero quantity
information about the experience Students don’t need to bring any food.
When did you go to the USA? • we use How many …? with plural countable
Present perfect Past simple nouns and How much …? with uncountable
this week yesterday nouns to ask questions about quantity
in the last week last year How many friends have you got?
never when I was young
How much fruit have you eaten today?
recently in 2009
108
Unit 7 • we use be going to to talk about future intentions
• we also use be going to when there is
evidence in the present that something
Future forms
is very likely to happen
will • we form sentences with be + (not) +
Affirmative going to + infinitive without to
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They will go They aren’t going to watch a film.
Negative Present continuous

I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They will not • we use the present continuous to talk about
(won’t) go
fixed plans and arrangements in the future
Questions and short answers I’m meeting my friends on Saturday.
Will I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they go?
Yes, he will. No, he won’t. Present simple
• we use will / won’t + the infinitive without to • we use the present simple to talk about
to make predictions for the future activities based on schedules and timetables
I think that film will win a lot of awards. Hurry up! His plane lands in an hour!
• we can use definitely when we are certain
about something in the future and probably First conditional
when we think something is likely Situation Consequence
That film definitely won’t win any awards! If I don’t win, I won’t give up.
Most films will probably be in 3D in future. Consequence Situation
We’ll win some money if our predictions are
be going to correct.
Affirmative Contracted form • we use the first conditional to talk about pos-
I am going to make ’m going to make
sible situations and their consequences
You are going to make ‘re going to make
• to form first conditional sentences we use
He / She / It is going to make ‘s going to make
if + subject + present simple (for the situation),
We / You / They are going to make ‘re going to make
subject + will / won’t + infinitive without to
Negative Contracted form (for the consequence)
I am not going to win ‘m not going • if the situation comes first, we need a comma
to win If the weather is good, I’ll go to the beach.
You are not going to win ‘re not going • we don’t put a comma if the consequence
to win
comes first
He / She / It is not going to win ‘s not going to win
She’ll get wet if she doesn’t take an umbrella.
We / You / They are not going to ‘re not going
win to win
Am I going to go?
Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Are you going to go?
Yes, you are. No, you’re not.
Is he / she / it going to go?
Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it isn’t.
Are we / you / they going to go?
Yes, we / you / they are. No, we / you / they aren’t.
109
Unit 8 Advice
Affirmative
Obligation I / You / He / She / It should come
We / You / They
Affirmative
I / You / He / She / It must stop Negative
We / You / They have to stop I / You / He / She / It should not come
We / You / They (shouldn’t come)
• we use must and have to to show obligation
• in questions about obligation we only use Short questions and answers
have to Should I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they invite Bob?
Do I have to do my homework? Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they should.
No, I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they shouldn’t.
No obligation
• we use should / shouldn’t to give advice
Negative
You should eat more fruit.
I / You do not have to don’t have to
He / She / It does not have to doesn’t have to Second conditional
We / You / They do not have to don’t have to
• we use the second conditional to talk about
• we use don’t have to to show there is no events in the present and future that are
obligation or that something isn’t necessary unlikely to happen
She doesn’t have to prepare dinner tonight. • to form second conditional sentences
we use if + subject + past simple (for the
Prohibition situation), subject + would / wouldn’t +
Negative infinitive without to (for the consequence)
I / You / He / She / It must not stop • when the situation comes first, we use a comma
We / You / They (mustn’t stop) If I was famous, I’d buy a big house.
I / You / He / She / It cannot stop • we don’t use a comma if the consequence
We / You / They (can't stop) comes first.
I 'm not allowed to stop Lena would be sad if I didn’t tell the truth.
You aren't allowed to stop • we form questions with (question word) +
He / She / It isn't allowed to stop would + subject + infinitive without to + if +
We / You / They aren't allowed to stop subject + past simple
What would you do if you had an argument
• we use mustn’t to show prohibition. It does not with your best friend?
mean the same as don’t have to
You mustn’t be late for school.
Questions
Do I / you have to arrive early?
Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Does he / she / it have to arrive early?
Yes, he / she / it does. No, he / she / it doesn’t.
Do we / you / they have to arrive early?
Yes, we / you / they do. No, we / you / they don’t.
110
Unit 9 • the past simple passive is formed with the past
of be + the past participle of the verb.
The passive: present simple
Affirmative Contracted form Active and passive
I am invited ’m invited • active sentences start with the subject;
You are invited ’re invited the subject is the person or thing that does
He / She / It is invited ’s invited the action
We / You / They are invited ’re invited The Beatles wrote the song.
• we use the passive when the action of
a sentence is important, not the person
I am not paid ‘m not paid
who does it
You are not paid aren’t paid
active: They make CDs from plastic.
He / She / It is not paid isn’t paid
passive: CDs are made from plastic.
We / You / They are not paid aren’t paid
• we also use the passive when we do
Questions and short answers not know who does the action
Am I invited? active: Somebody writes the lyrics.
Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
passive: The lyrics are written.
Are you invited?
Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. • we use the passive in writing more than
Is he / she / it invited?
in speaking
Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it isn’t. • we often use the passive in writing to
Are we / you / they invited? describe a process
Yes, we / you / they are. No, we / you / they aren’t. Then the song is recorded.
• the present simple passive is formed with the • we use by in passive sentences if we want
present of be + the past participle of the verb to talk about who or what does an action
active: Millions of people use YouTube.
The passive: past simple passive: YouTube is used by millions of people.
Affirmative
I was invited
You were invited
He / She / It was invited
We / You / They were invited
I was not paid wasn’t paid
You were not paid weren’t paid
He / She / It was not paid wasn’t paid
We / You / They were not paid weren’t paid
Was I invited?
Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t.
Were you invited?
Yes, you were. No, you weren’t.
Was he / she / it invited?
Yes, he / she / it was. No, he / she / it wasn’t.
Were we / you / they invited?
Yes, we / you / they were. No, we / you / they weren’t.
111
Wordlist
Starter unit play an instrument /ˌpleɪ ən ˈɪnstrʊmənt/ с виря
на музикален инструмент
fizzy drink /ˌfɪzi ˈdrɪŋk/ г азирана напитка
play computer games /ˌpleɪ kəmˈpjuːtə(r) ˌgeɪmz/
full-fat cheese /fʊlˌfæt ˈtʃiːz/ п
ълномаслено играя компютърни игри
сирене play tennis /ˌpleɪ ˈtenɪs/ и
грая тенис
instant soup /ˌɪnstənt ˈsuːp/ п олуготова супа
quiet ( adj) /ˈkwaɪət/ т их
low-fat yoghurt /ləʊˌfæt ˈjɒɡə(r)t/
relax ( v) /rɪˈlæks/ п
очивам си
нискомаслено кисело мляко
nutrition bar /njuːˈtrɪʃ(ə)n ˌbɑː(r)/ хранително selfish ( adj) /ˈselfɪʃ/ е
гоистичен
десертно блокче serious ( adj) /ˈsɪəriəs/ с ериозен
organic vegetables /ɔː(r)ˌɡænɪk ˈvedʒtəb(ə)lz/ shy ( adj) /ʃaɪ/ п
лах, срамежлив
органични зеленчуци
talkative ( adj) /ˈtɔːkətɪv/ п
риказлив, бъбрив
pre-made pizza /priːˌmeɪd ˈpiːtsə/ п олуготова
пица unsociable ( adj) /ʌnˈsəʊʃəb(ə)l/ н
еобщителен,
salted chips /sɔːltɪd tʃɪps/ с олен чипс сдържан
skimmed milk /ˌskɪmd ˈmɪlk/ о
безмаслено Unit 2
прясно мляко
actor (n) /ˈæktə(r)/ актьор
unsweetened smoothie /ʌnˌswiːt(ə)nd ˈsmuːði/
неподсладено смути artist (n) /ˈɑː(r)tɪst/ х
удожник
Unit 1 builder (n) /ˈbɪldə(r)/ строител

charge a mobile phone /ˌʧɑː(r)ʤ ə məʊbaɪl
adventurous (adj) /ədˈventʃ(ə)rəs/
ˈfəʊn/ з ареждам мобилен телефон
авантюристичен, рискован, приключенски
doctor (n) /ˈdɒkt(ə)r/ л
екар
cautious ( adj) /ˈkɔːʃəs/ п
редпазлив
download a video clip /daʊnˌləʊd ə ˈvɪdiəʊ klɪp/
chat online (v) /ˌʧæt ɒnˈlaɪn/ г оворя по Интернет,
свалям видео клип
чатя
electrician (n) /ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃ(ə)n/ електротехник
confident (adj) /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ у верен
firefighter (n) /ˈfaɪəˌfaɪtə(r)/ пожарникар
dishonest (adj) /dɪsˈɒnɪst/ н
ечестен
go online /ˌgəʊ ɒnˈlaɪn/ в
лизам в Интернет
do voluntary work /duː ˌvɒlənt(ə)ri ˈwɜː(r)k/
занимавам се с доброволческа работа journalist (n) /ˈdʒɜː(r)nəlɪst/ ж
урналист
draw cartoons /ˌdrɔː kɑː(r)ˈtuːnz/ р исувам lab technician (n) /ˈlæb tekˌnɪʃ(ə)n/ лабораторен
карикатури, анимации техник
energetic ( adj) /ˌenə(r)ˈʤetɪk/ е
нергичен lawyer (n) /ˈlɔːjə(r)/ юрист, адвокат
friendly ( adj) /ˈfrendli/ д
ружелюбен make a phone call /ˌmeɪk ə ˈfəʊn kɔːl/ о баждам
funny ( adj) /ˈfʌni/ з абавен, смешен се по телефона
play a video game /ˌpleɪ ə ˈvɪdiəʊ geɪm/ и грая
generous ( adj) /ˈʤenərəs/ щ
едър
видео игра
go dancing /ˌgəʊ ˈdɑːnsɪŋ/ х
одя на танци plug in a memory stick /ˌplʌg ɪn ə ˈmem(ə)ri ˌstɪk/
go out for a meal /gəʊ ˌaʊt fər ə ˈmiːl/ и
злизам включвам флашкарта
на заведение, за обяд или вечеря police officer (n) /pəˈliːs ˌɒfɪsə(r)/ п
олицай
go to a youth centre /ˌgəʊ tuː ə ˈjuːθ ˌsentə(r)/ politician (n) /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃ(ə)n/ политик
посещавам младежки клуб post a comment /ˌpəʊst ə ˈkɒment/ п убликувам
go to the cinema /ˌgəʊ tə ðə ˈsɪnəmə/ х одя на коментар
кино postal worker (n) /ˈpəʊst(ə)l ˌwɜː(r)kə(r)/
go to the gym /ˌgəʊ tə ðə ˈʤɪm/ х
одя на фитнес пощенски служител
honest ( adj) /ˈɒnɪst/ ч
естен print a document /ˌprɪnt ə ˈdɒkjʊmənt/
lazy (adj) /ˈleɪzi/ м
ързелив разпечатвам документ
learn a language /ˌlɜː(r)n ə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ/ у
ча език read an e-book /ˌriːd ən ˈiːbʊk/ чета електронна
make models /ˌmeɪk ˈmɒd(ə)lz/ правя макети книга
researcher (n) /rɪˈsɜː(r)tʃə(r)/ изследовател
112
scan a document /ˌskæn ə ˈdɒkjʊmənt/ comfortable (adj) /ˈkʌmftəb(ə)l/ удобен
сканирам документ conventional (adj) /kənˈvenʃ(ə)nəl/ т радиционен,
scientist (n) /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ у
чен, научен работник обикновен
send an email /ˌsend ən ˈiːmeɪl/ и
зпращам имейл fashionable (adj) /ˈfæʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ м
оден, модерен
store data /ˌstɔː(r) ˈdeɪtə, ˌstɔː(r) ˈdɑːtə/ п
ритеснен formal (adj) /ˈfɔː(r)m(ə)l/ официален, формален
take a photo /ˌteɪk ə ˈfəʊtəʊ/ п
равя снимка get into (phr v) /ˌget ˈɪntu/ в
лизам
upload a video clip /ʌpˌləʊd ə ˈvɪdiəʊ klɪp/ give away (phr v) /ˌgɪv əˈweɪ/ п одарявам,
качвам видеоклип раздавам
write a blog /ˌraɪt ə ˈblɒg/ в
одя блог glamorous (adj) /ˈglæmərəs/ в еликолепен,
ефектен, бляскав
Unit 3
go with (phr v) /ˈgəʊ ˌwɪð/ п
одхожда си
across (prep) /əˈkrɒs/ о
ттатък, през, отсреща impractical (adj) /ɪmˈpræktɪk(ə)l/ непрактичен,
alon (prep) /əˈlɒŋ/ покрай, по-нататък неудобен
annoyed (adj) /əˈnɔɪd/ я
досан, раздразнен look for (phr v) /ˈlʊk ˌfɔː(r)/ търся
annoying (adj) /əˈnɔɪɪŋ/ д
осаден, дразнещ loose (adj) /luːs/ х
лабав
away from (prep) /əˈweɪ ˌfrɒm/ д
алеч от old-fashioned (adj) /ˌəʊldˈfæʃ(ə)nd/ с таромоден
bored (adj) /bɔː(r)d/ отегчен pick out (phr v) /ˌpɪk ˈaʊt/ и
збирам, подбирам
boring (adj) /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ о
тегчителен, скучен pick up (phr v) /ˌpɪk ˈʌp/ в
дигам, събирам
down (prep) /daʊn/ долу, надолу put away (phr v) /ˌpʊt əˈweɪ/ р азтребвам,
прибирам
excited (adj) /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ р
азвълнуван
put on (phr v) /ˌpʊt ˈɒn/ о
бличам, обувам
exciting (adj) /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ в
ълнуващ
sporty (adj) /ˈspɔː(r)ti/ с портен
frightened (adj) /ˈfraɪt(ə)nd/ изплашен
take off (phr v) /ˌteɪk ˈɒf/ с ъбличам, събувам
frightening (adj) /ˈfraɪt(ə)nɪŋ/ страшен, плашещ
throw away (phr v) /ˌθrəʊ əˈweɪ/ и
зхвърлям
interested (adj) /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ з аинтересован
tight (adj) /taɪt/ с тегнат
interesting (adj) /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ и
нтересен
trendy (adj) /ˈtrendi/ м
оден
into (prep) /ˈɪntuː/ в
ътре в/във
try on (phr v) /ˌtraɪ ˈɒn/ п
робвам
out of (prep) /ˈaʊt ˌəv/ н
авън
wear out (phr v) /ˌweər ˈaʊt/ и
зносва се
over (prep) /ˈəʊvə(r)/ над
round (prep) /raʊnd/ о
коло Unit 5
surprised (adj) /sə(r)ˈpraɪzd/ и
зненадан collect money /kəˌlekt ˈmʌni/ с ъбирам пари
surprising (adj) /sə(r)ˈpraɪzɪŋ/ и
зненадващ do a sponsored swim /ˌduː ə ˌspɒnsə(r)d ˈswɪm/
участвам в плувно състезание за
through ( prep) /θruː/ п
рез
спонсориране
tired (adj) /ˈtaɪə(r)d/ изморен do exercise /ˌduː ˈeksə(r)saɪz/ с портувам
tiring (adj) /ˈtaɪərɪŋ/ и
зморителен do homework /ˌduː ˈhəʊmwɜː(r)k/ правя
towards (prep) /təˈwɔː(r)dz/ към, по посока на домашна
under (prep) /ˈʌndə(r)/ под do nothing /ˌduː ˈnʌθɪŋ/ б
ездействам
up (prep) /ʌp/ горе do someone a favour /ˌduː sʌmwʌn ə ˈfeɪvə(r)/
правя услуга
worried (adj) /ˈwʌrid/ п
ритеснен, разтревожен
do your best /ˌduː jə ˈbest/ д
авам всичко от
worrying (adj) /ˈwʌriɪŋ/ п
ритеснителен, себе си
тревожен have a barbecue /ˌhæv ə ˈbɑː(r)bɪkjuː/ п
равя
Unit 4 барбекю
casual (adj) /ˈkæʒuəl/ н
еофициален have a bring and buy sale /ˌhæv ə ˌbrɪŋ ən ˈbaɪ
seɪl/ о
рганизирам разпродажба
colourful (adj) /ˈkʌlə(r)f(ə)l/ цветен
113
Wordlist
make a charity CD /ˌmeɪk ə ˌʧærəti siːˈdiː/ set off /ˌset ˈɒf/ т ръгвам, заминавам
правя диск за благотворителност terryfing ( adj) /ˈterəˌfaɪɪŋ/ у
жасяващ, ужасен
make a decision /ˌmeɪk ə dɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ в
земам
tiny (adj) /ˈtaɪni/ м
ъничък, малък
решение
make a mistake /ˌmeɪk ə mɪˈsteɪk/ правя грешка Unit 7
make friends /ˌmeɪk ˈfrendz/ с приятелявам се advertisement ( n) /ədˈvɜː(r)tɪsmənt/ р еклама,
make money /ˌmeɪk ˈmʌni/ п
ечеля пари рекламно съобщение
argument (n) /ˈɑː(r)ɡjʊmənt/ к авга; довод,
make someone happy /ˌmeɪk sʌmwʌn ˈhæpi/
аргумент
правя някого щастлив
celebration (n) /ˌseləˈbreɪʃ(ə)n/ празненство
make someone laugh /ˌmeɪk sʌmwʌn ˈlɑːf/
разсмивам connection (n) /ˌkəˈnekʃ(ə)n/ връзка
organize a jumble sale /ˌɔː(r)gənaɪz ə ˈʤʌmb(ə) decoration ( n) /ˌdekəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ украса
l seɪl/ о
рганизирам разпродажба develop (v) /dɪˈveləp/ р
азвивам
sell badges /ˌsel ˈbæʤɪz/ п
родавам значки
development (n) /dɪˈveləpmənt/ р
азвитие
sell cakes /ˌsel ˈkeɪks/ п
родавам сладкиши
director (n) /daɪˈrektə(r), dəˈrektə(r)/ директор
sell raffle tickets /ˌsel ˈræf(ə)l tɪkɪts/ п
родавам
билети за томбола education (n) /ˌedjʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ образование
wash cars /ˌwɒʃ ˈkɑː(r)z/ мия коли enjoy (v) /ɪnˈʤɔɪ/ д
оставя ми удоволствие
enjoyment (n) /ɪnˈʤɔɪmənt/ у
доволствие
Unit 6
equipment (n) /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ о борудване;
amazing (adj) /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ у дивителен,
екипировка
невероятен
excitement (n) /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ в
ълнение
arrive (v) /əˈraɪv/ п
ристигам
film a scene /ˌfɪlm ə ˈsiːn/ с нимам сцена
awful (adj) /ˈɔːf(ə)l/ ужасен
film star (n) /ˈfɪlm ˌstɑː(r)/ филмова звезда
boiling (adj) /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/ г орещ, врял
move (v) /muːv/ д
вижа се; премествам се
buy a guidebook /ˌbaɪ ə ˈgaɪdbʊk/ к упувам
пътеводител movement (n) /ˈmuːvmənt/ д
вижение
buy souvenirs /ˌbaɪ suːvəˈnɪə(r)z/ купувам plot (n) /plɒt/ с южет
сувенири
possession (n) /pəˈzeʃ(ə)n/ притежание, вещ
come back home /ˌkʌm bæk ˈhəʊm/ п рибирам
се у дома prediction (n) /prɪˈdɪkʃ(ə)n/ предсказание,
delighted (adj) /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ щ
астлив, доволен, прогноза
радостен producer (n) /prəˈdjuːsə(r)/ продуцент,
enormous (adj) /ɪˈnɔː(r)məs/ о громен режисьор
release a film /rɪˌliːs ə ˈfɪlm/ п
ускам филм
exhausted (adj) /ɪgˈzɔːstɪd/ и
зтощен (от умора)
screen (n) /skriːn/ е
кран
freezing (adj) /ˈfriːzɪŋ/ л
еден, мразовит
script (n) /skrɪpt/ с ценарий
get off a train /ˌget ɒf ə ˈtreɪn/ с лизам от влака
soundtrack (n) /ˈsaʊndˌtræk/ ф илмова музика,
get on a train /ˌget ɒn ə ˈtreɪn/ к ачвам се на
саундтрак
влака
special effects (n) /ˌspeʃ(ə)l ɪˈfekts/ с пециални
have adventures /ˌhæv ədˈventʃə(r)z/ имам
ефекти
приключения
star in a film /ˌstɑː(r) ɪn ə ˈfɪlm/ и
зпълнявам
meet people /ˈmiːt ˌpiːp(ə)l/ с рещам/запознавам
главната роля
се с хора
stunt (n) /stʌnt/ к аскада
pack a suitcase /ˌpæk ə ˈsuːtkeɪs/ п риготвям си
куфара stuntman (n) /ˈstʌntˌmæn/ к
аскадьор
plan a trip /ˌplæn ə ˈtrɪp/ п
ланирам пътуване stuntwoman (n) /ˈstʌntˌwʊmən/ к
аскадьорка
send postcards /ˌsend ˈpəʊstˌkɑː(r)dz/ suggestion (n) /səˈʤesʧ(ə)n/ предложение
изпращам картички win an award /ˌwɪn ən əˈwɔː(r)d/ печеля награда
114
Unit 8 illogical (adj) /ɪˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ нелогичен
arrive early /əˌraɪv ˈɜː(r)li/ пристигам рано impatient (adj) /ɪmˈpeɪʃ(ə)nt/ н

етърпелив
be late /ˌbi ˈleɪt/ з акъснявам imperfect (adj) /ɪmˈpɜː(r)fɪkt/ н
есъвършен
be polite /ˌbi pəˈlaɪt/ в
ежлив, любезен съм impossible (adj) /ɪmˈpɒsəb(ə)l/ невъзможен
be rude /ˌbi ˈruːd/ г руб съм impractical (adj) /ɪmˈpræktɪk(ə)l/ н епрактичен,
неудобен
bring a present /ˌbrɪŋ ə ˈprezənt/ н
ося подарък legal (adj) /ˈliːg(ə)l/ легален, законен
click your fingers /ˌklɪk jə ˈfɪŋgə(r)z/ щракам с logical (adj) /ˈlɒʤɪk(ə)l/ логичен
пръсти
get advice /ˌget ədˈvaɪs/ п олучавам съвет music festival (n) /ˈmjuːzɪk ˌfestɪv(ə)l/ музикален
фестивал
get presents /ˌget ˈprezənts/ п олучавам necessary (adj) /ˈnesəs(ə)ri/ н еобходим
подаръци
give advice /ˌgɪv ədˈvaɪs/ д
авам съвет original (adj) /əˈrɪdʒ(ə)nəl/ оригинален
give presents /ˌgɪv ˈprezənts/ д
авам подаръци patient (adj) /ˈpeɪʃ(ə)nt/ т ърпелив
have an argument /ˌhæv ən ˈɑː(r)ɡjʊmənt/ perfect (adj) /ˈpɜː(r)fɪkt/ о
тличен, перфектен
карам се playlist (n) /ˈpleɪˌlɪst/ с писък с песни/мелодии
have fun /ˌhæv ˈfʌn/ з абавлявам се play live at a concert /pleɪ ˌlaɪv ət ə ˈkɒnsə(r)t/
interrupt a conversation /ɪntəˌrʌpt ə kɒnvə(r) свиря на живо, на концерт
ˈseɪʃ(ə)n/ прекъсвам разговор possible (adj) /ˈpɒsəb(ə)l/ възможен
jump a queue /ˌdʒʌmp ə ˈkjuː/ п ререждам се practical (adj) /ˈpræktɪk(ə)l/ практичен
kiss a stranger /ˌkɪs ə ˈstreɪnʤə(r)/ целувам record (n) /ˈrekɔː(r)d/ з апис, плоча
непознат
record a song /rɪˌkɔː(r)d ə ˈsɒŋ/ з аписвам
point (v) /pɔɪnt/ п
осочвам
песен
shake hands /ˌʃeɪk ˈhændz/ р
ъкувам се recording studio (n) /rɪˈkɔː(r)dɪŋ ˌstjuːdiəʊ/
spend money /ˌspend ˈmʌni/ х
арча пари звукозаписно студио
spend time (with friends) /spend ˌtaɪm wɪð release an album /rɪˌliːs ən ˈælbəm/ п ускам
ˈfrendz/ п
рекарвам време албум
take off your shoes /ˌteɪk ɒf jə ˈʃuːz/ събувам се reliable (adj) /rɪˈlaɪəb(ə)l/ сигурен, надежден,
изпитан
tell jokes /ˌtel ˈʤəʊks/ р
азказвам вицове single (n) /ˈsɪŋg(ə)l/ запис, сингъл
tell lies /ˌtel ˈlaɪz/ л
ъжа song lyrics (n) /ˈsɒŋ ˌlɪrɪks/ т екст на песен
tell the truth /ˌtel ðə ˈtruːθ/ к
азвам истината supportive (adj) /səˈpɔː(r)tɪv/ п
одкрепящ
Unit 9 trustworthy (adj) /ˈtrʌs(t)ˌwɜː(r)ði/ в
ерен, сигурен
adventurous (adj) /ədˈventʃ(ə)rəs/ unadventurous (adj) /ˌʌnədˈventʃərəs/ с кучен
авантюристичен, рискован, приключенски
album cover (n) /ˈælbəm ˌkʌvə(r)/ корица на unfriendly (adj) /ʌnˈfren(d)li/ недружелюбен
албум unhappy (adj) /ʌnˈhæpi/ н
ещастен
form a band /ˌfɔː(r)m ə ˈbænd/ с формирам unimaginative (adj) /ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv/ д осаден,
група, състав скучен
friendly (adj) /ˈfrendli/ д
ружелюбен unnecessary (adj) /ʌnˈnesəs(ə)ri/ н
енужен
go on tour /ˌgəʊ ɒn ˈtʊə(r)/ отивам на турне unoriginal (adj) /ˌʌnəˈrɪdʒ(ə)n(ə)l/ обикновен,
go to number one /ˌgəʊ tə nʌmbə(r) ˈwʌn/ скучен
върни се отначало unreliable (adj) /ˌʌnrɪˈlaɪəb(ə)l/ н
есигурен,
happy (adj) /ˈhæpi/ щ
астлив ненадежден
hit (n) /hɪt/ х
ит unsupportive (adj) /ˌʌnsəˈpɔː(r)tɪv/ с уров,
строг, неотзивчив
imaginative (adj) /ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv/ в
ъображаем untrustworthy (adj) /ʌnˈtrʌstˌwɜː(r)ði/
illegal (adj) /ɪˈliːɡ(ə)l/ незаконен ненадежден
115
Notes
116
117
Macmillan Education Corbis/Brad Swonetz p97(7), Corbis/Uwe Umstätter/Westend61 p38(tr),
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Unit Curriculum topics Vocabulary Grammar

1 • My interests • Free-time activities • Present simple

2 • My interests • IT activities • Past simple

6 • Vacation and travel • Travel • Present perfect and past simple

8 • My interests • Making friends • Modal verbs: obligation, prohibition

9 • My interests • Music • The passive

Digital Competence: Presentations • Holidays and traditions • Frirndship without borders

Phonetic symbols  Wordlist

3 Do you agree with the statements in exercise 2?

All Clear Rules All Clear Rules

Mon 15 Tue 16 Wed 17 Thu 18 Fri 19 Sat 20 Sun 21

8 It’s Monday. Look at Amy’s calendar and 10 10 10 10 10 10

Present simple for future actions

  Manchester  London Cambridge  Birmingham

9 Complete the sentences with the present

2 Listen again and copy and complete the profiles.

Age Lives Likes Doesn’t like

2 Listen again and repeat the dialogue.

I like playing tennis, chatting online and going dancing.

Jamie and Ellie Nelson are a brother and sister

Are you using your computer now? All Clear Facts

4 Answer the questions in your notebook.

Adverbs of frequency 1 I … (chat) online to my best friend at

Grammar Reference p103 Unit 1 13

2 Match pictures 1–8 with character adjectives from exercise 1.

3 Complete the text with words from exercise 1.

4 Which of the adjectives in exercise 1 describe you?

I’m adventurous, but I’m not very funny.

collect Star Wars figures ​do magic ​play bingo ​play the piano ​sing karaoke

2 Listen again and repeat the dialogue.

Food [U1.13.2: Activities

2 Look at the All Clear Tips and translate

Ball boys and ball girls

History and famous

2 Connected Vocabulary IT activities; jobs

2 Write the correct words in your notebook.

4 In pairs, ask and answer questions about IT activities.

November 1st News 24

THE POWER OF TECHNOLOGY

All Clear Facts

Grammar Reference p104 Unit 2 21

2 Match pictures 1–14 with the jobs in exercise 1.

3 Complete the sentences with jobs from exercise 1.

6 Listen again and answer the questions in your notebook.

2 Listen again and repeat the dialogue.

smartphone tablet smartwatch camera

2 Prepare a dialogue 3 Speak

2 Look at the All Clear Tips. Copy the phrases into

All Clear Tips Beginning: who you are writing to,

Famous inventions and inventors

2 Which prepositions are opposites? In pairs, write them in your notebook.

3 Write the correct words in your notebook.

5 In pairs, ask and answer the question.

1 Look at the words below. Do they relate to

Grammar Reference p105 Unit 3 29

3 Write the correct word in your notebook.

1 What do you think the people were doing?

2 Listen again and repeat the dialogue.

2 Look at the All Clear Tips and translate Writing Task

3 Complete the sentences with suddenly, Paragraph 1: Background

History then and now

1 • My interests • Free-time activities • Present simple

2 • My interests • IT activities • Past simple

6 • Vacation and travel • Travel • Present perfect and past simple

8 • My interests • Making friends • Modal verbs: obligation, prohibition

9 • My interests • Music • The passive

Phonetic symbols Wordlist

4 Which of the adjectives in exercise 1 describe you?

collect Star Wars figures do magic play bingo play the piano sing karaoke

4 In pairs, ask and answer questions about IT activities.

5 In pairs, ask and answer the question.

a fact about the history of television a photo of an old television

their clothes Jerry’s birthday present Come and celebrate with

2010 2 pm a long time a month

4 In pairs, ask and answer questions about travelling.

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

5 In pairs, ask and answer the question.

1 ead and listen. Match headings 1–4 with

should (x2) have to 10 Write the correct words in your notebook.