MODULE 6

THE SEXUAL SELF

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

1. identify the development of Secondary sex characteristics and the human

reproductive system; and differentiate secondary sex characteristics in male
and female and the Identify Human Sexual response; and

2. determine methods of contraception (natural and artificial).

Learning Content

Development of Secondary Sex Characteristics and the Human Reproductive System

Puberty is the stage of development at which individuals become sexually mature.

Signs of Puberty

Different sex steroid hormone concentrations between the sexes also contribute to the
development and function of secondary sexual characteristics. Examples of secondary
sexual characteristics are listed in Table 1.

Table 1. Development of the Secondary Sexual Characteristics

Male Female

Increased larynx size and deepening of the Deposition of fat, predominantly in

voice breasts and hips

Increased muscular development Breast development

Growth of facial, axillary, and pubic hair, and Broadening of the pelvis and growth
increased growth of body hair of axillary and pubic hair

The Human Sexual Response Cycle

It is a four-stage model of physiological responses to sexual stimulation, which, in order

of their occurrence, are the excitement-, plateau-, orgasmic-, and resolution phases.

1 Excitement phase

- characterized by increase in pulse and blood pressure, skin temperature, muscle

tensions, more rapid breathing, and secretion of genital fluids.
- Occurs because of physical or mental erotic stimuli, such as kissing or making out.

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2 Plateau phase

- Characterized by consistent stimulation until orgasm occurs.

3 Orgasm phase

- Characterized by intense pleasure with a rapid increase rate and blood pleasure,
and a possibility of spasm and muscular contractions.

4 Resolution phase

- Characterized by a slow return to the normal state.

NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL METHOD OF CONTRACEPTION

NATURAL METHOD

1. ABSTINENCE
- method in which there is no engagement in any sexual activity at all
2. CALENDAR METHOD
- also called as the RHYTHM METHOD
- refraining from coitus during the days that the woman is fertile
- according to the menstrual cycle, 3 or 4 days before and 3 or 4 days after
ovulation, the woman is likely to conceive
3. WITHDRAWAL
- method that entails the man withdrawing from the sexual activity just before the
release.

ARTIFICIAL METHOD OF CONTRACEPTION

1. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
- Also known as the pill, oral contraceptives contain synthetic estrogen and
progesterone.
- Estrogen suppresses the FSH and LH to suppress ovulation, while progesterone
decreases the permeability of the cervical mucus to limit the sperm’s access to
the ova.
- Side effects for OCs are nausea, weight gain, headache, breast tenderness,
breakthrough bleeding, vaginal infections, mild hypertension, and depression.
2. MALE CONDOMS
- The male condom is a latex or synthetic rubber sheath that is placed on the
erect penis before vaginal penetration to trap the sperm during ejaculation.

3. HORMONAL INJECTIONS
- The injection inhibits ovulation and causes changes in the endometrium and the
cervical mucus.
4. VASECTOMY
- Males undergo vasectomy, which is executed through a small incision made on
each side of the scrotum.
5. TUBAL LIGATION
- In women, tubal ligation is performed by occluding the fallopian tubes through
cutting, cauterizing, or blocking to inhibit the passage of the both the sperm and
the ova.

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Sexually Transmitted Infection

STI s are diseases that are passed from one person to another. The most common STIs
are: chlamydia, syphilis, trichomonas, chancroid, genital herpes, hepatitis B and HIV
infection. Some STDs, such as syphilis and HIV can also be transmitted through exposure
to contaminated blood and from a pregnant woman to the unborn child. Table below
was presents the sexually transmitted infection

Table 1. The Different Types, Symptoms, and Treatments of Sexually Transmitted Infection.

Types of Diseases and Pictures Description or Symptoms Curable Uncurable

1. Chlamydia A certain type of bacteria Antibiotics can

easily treat
● pain or discomfort chlamydia
during sex or
urination Fortunately, if
caught early
● green or yellow enough, syphilis is
discharge from the easily treated with
penis or vagina antibiotics.
However, syphilis
● pain in the
infection in a
lower
newborn can be
abdomen
fatal. That’s why
it’s important for
all pregnant
women to be
screened for
syphilis.

2. Syphilis ● The first If earlier diagnose If late diagnosed

symptom to treated with and treated
appear is a antibiotics
small round
sore, known
as a
chancre. It
can
develop on
your
genitals,
anus, or
mouth. It’s
painless but
very
infectious.

Later symptoms include:

rash, fatigue, fever.
Headaches, joint pain

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 3. HIV/ AIDS HIV can damage the There’s no cure for
immune system and raise HIV yet, but
the risk of contracting other treatment options
viruses or bacteria and are available to
certain cancers. Symptoms : manage it. Early
fever, chills, aches and and effective
pains, swollen lymph nodes, treatment can
sore throat, headache help people with
HIV live as long as
Nausea. those without HIV.

4. Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is another If earlier

common bacterial STD. It’s diagnosed
also known as “the clap.” curable and
treated with
present symptoms may antibiotics
include:

● a white, yellow,
beige, or green-
colored discharge
from the penis or
vagina

● pain or discomfort
during sex or
urination

● more frequent
urination than usual

● itching around the

genitals

● sore throat

5. Pubic lice (‘crabs’) “Crabs” is another name for Pubic lice can be
pubic lice. They’re tiny treated with over-
insects that can take up the-counter lice-
residence on your pubic killing
hair. Like head lice and medications.
body lice, they feed on
human blood. Common
symptoms of pubic lice
include:

● itching around the

genitals or anus

● small pink or red

bumps around the
genitals or anus

● low-grade fever

● lack of energy

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 6. Trichomoniasis Also known as “trich.” It’s Trich can be
caused by a tiny protozoan treated with
organism that can be antibiotics.
passed from one person to
another through genital
contact.

When symptoms do
develop, they may include:

● discharge from the

vagina or penis

● burning or itching
around the vagina
or penis

● pain or discomfort
during urination or
sex

● frequent urination

In women, trich-related
discharge often has an
unpleasant or “fishy” smell.

Shortened name for the There’s no cure for

herpes simplex virus. (HSV). herpes yet. But
Most common symptom of medications are
herpes is blistery sores. In the available to help
case of genital herpes, control outbreaks
these sores develop on or and alleviate the
around the genitals. In oral pain of herpes
herpes, they develop on or sores. The same
around the mouth. medications can
also lower your
chances of
passing herpes to
7. Herpes
your sexual
partner.

8. Hepatitis B It is a virus that spreads Although there is

through contact with body no cure, there is a
fluids and blood, so it can vaccine to
be transmitted through prevent hepatitis B
sexual intercourse. Hepatitis infection.
B infection is also possible
through sharing of needles,
razors, and toothbrushes.
Nausea

● Abdominal pain

● Jaundice (yellowing
of the skin and
whites of the eyes)

Over time, scarring of the

liver (cirrhosis) and liver
cancer can develop.

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 It is more common in Africa About half the
and Asia. It causes painful time when
lumps in the genital area untreated.
that can progress to open
sores. Antibiotics can cure
the infection; chancroid is
caused by bacterial
infection with Haemophilus
ducreyi. One or more sores
or raised bumps on the
genitals. A narrow, red
border surrounds the sores.
9. Chancroid

This parasite is not Prescription

necessarily sexually creams can cure
transmitted, since it can a scabies
affect any area of the skin. infestation.
However, scabies is often
spread during sexual
contact. Extreme itching
that is worse at night. The
skin appears to have a
pimple-like rash, as shown in
the above photo.
10. Scabies

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