NOTRE DAME OF DADIANGAS UNIVERSITY

Integrated Basic Education Department

Senior High School
Lagao, General Santos City

Physical Education and Health 2

Quarter/Term: Finals Date: 2021.02.01 – 2021.02.06

Week No.: 3 21st Century Skills:
Damean’s Beat: Love of Work  Critical Thinking
NDDU’s 4Cs: Christian Leaders  Computing/ICT Literacy
 Competent Professionals  Communication
Community-Oriented Citizens Creativity
 Culture-Sensitive Individuals  Collaboration
Teacher/s: Key Heart R. Mariveles Cross Cultural Understanding
Manfred P. Linaban  Career and Learning Self Reliance

Online Lesson
Topic: Team sports (Basketball and Volleyball)
Learning Targets:
At the end of the lesson, I can:
a. know the importance of different types of tournament;
b. identify the different types of tournament;
c. differentiate the three types of tournament; and
d. create a diagram of each type of tournament
References/Materials:

Gialogo, R. & Gialogo, R.(2016). Fit for life: The K to 12 Physical Education and Health
Textbook

Gonzalo, R. Jr. (2016). Physical Education and Health for Senior High School.
Callo, L. & Dajime, P. (2016). Physical education and health. Volume 1

Power Point Presentation

youtube.com
google.com

Module No. 2
I. Topic: Team sports (Basketball and Volleyball)
II. Learning Targets:
At the end of the lesson, I can:
a. know the importance of different types of tournament;
b. identify the different types of tournament;
c. differentiate the three types of tournament; and
d. create a diagram of each type of tournament
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III. Introduction/Review/Content:

TOURNAMENT FORMATS
Challenge tournaments
This tournament has levels where winners go up and losers go down from their respective
positions. Winning is important to climb to the top position. This type of tournament needs sufficient
time to give chance to bottom dwellers to reach the top. Tournament positions are usually occupied
on a first-come basis.

The General Rules

1. Players are not allowed to refuse a challenge
2. Players are not allowed to play the same opposition twice consecutively.
3. The absence of a player may cause him/her to move down of position or be replaced by
players below him/her.

Types of Challenge Tournament

1. Ladder tournament- suits single player
competitions like tennis or badminton where
participants challenge each other on a one-on-
one match. Players move up or down the
ladder depending on how they fared in their
matches. The player on top of the ladder will
be declared the winner.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268101001718

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 2. Pyramid tournament- is almost similar to the ladder
tournament except that it has more players at the lower
level when the tournament starts, then the number of
players decrease as the level progresses. An individual
can challenge anybody within the horizontal level and
the winner goes up to challenge the higher level.
http://splendidcity.net/support/SchedulingBasics/tournament_pyramid.htm

3. Spider Web tournament- is a bracketing design taken

from the shape of a spider web. The top position is the
center where players reach it through the lines drawn
from the center. The participant who gets to the center
of the web gets the championship. Lines are drawn
radially from the center with lines crossing them.
Challenges can be against anyone on the next position
nearer to the center but a player coming from a loss can
only challenge someone from his/her own level. This type of tournament offers more
competition.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/219198706837848931/

formula in getting “Byes”

To determine the number of byes that must take place if there is not a perfect power of 2,
subtract the number of participants/teams from the next higher perfect power of 2 than the given
number of participants/teams. For example, if there are 9 participants/teams, the next higher power
on 2 is 16, so 16-9=7, which is the number of byes (7) that are needed in the first round of a nine
participant/team single elimination tournament. When you create this draw, you only have 2
participants/teams participating; everyone else will get a bye to round 2. Therefore, in round 2, eight
participants/teams will move through which are a perfect power of 2 (2x2x2). Byes should only ¨ be
placed in the first round.
Bye= p2-N

Formula in getting the number of “games”

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 To determine the number of games for a single round robin tournament, as seen above,
use the following formula, N x (N-1)/2. With a tournament of 6 teams, the calculation would be: 6 x
(6-1)/2 = 6 x 5/2 = 30/2 = 15 games.

Round-Robin Tournaments
The round-robin tournament is the most commonly used and one of the top competitive
tournament types since it permits maximal play. All teams will play against each other at least once
during the tournament and the team with the most points will be the winner. Teams get
corresponding game points from a win and loss. Round robin is ideally used for team competition
playing not more than eight games.

1. Round Robin- is a format where each team plays a number of games (n-1) depending on
how many teams are participating. Usually, teams are divided into two groups (n/2) and
ranked by game points. Crossover games are then held with the top team in a group plays
against the bottom team of another group, and the second ranked teams playing against the
third ranked teams from the opposite group.

To determine the number of games for a single round robin tournament, as seen above,
use the following formula, N x (N-1)/2.

https://www.printyourbrackets.com/10teamroundrobin.html

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Elimination Tournaments
An elimination tournament is for short round of matches. Single or pair losses instantly
eliminate participants. This is suitable for time-constrained events but is disadvantageous for
maximal play.

General Guidelines
1. Draw is set up in even counts of brackets to the power of two (x2).
2. Brackets not used by teams constitute a bye.
3. All byes are generated from the top seeded teams.
4. The four top seed teams are spaced in the draw so as not play against each other until the
later rounds.
5. All games must be numbered to help the organization of the tournament.

Advantage of Round-robin Scheduling

Here, are pros/benefits of Round-robin scheduling method:

 It doesn't face the issues of starvation or convoy effect.
 All the jobs get a fair allocation of CPU.
 It deals with all process without any priority
 If you know the total number of processes on the run queue, then you can also assume the
worst-case response time for the same process.
 This scheduling method does not depend upon burst time. That's why it is easily
implementable on the system.
 Once a process is executed for a specific set of the period, the process is preempted, and
another process executes for that given time period.
 Allows OS to use the Context switching method to save states of preempted processes.
 It gives the best performance in terms of average response time.
Disadvantages of Round-robin Scheduling
Here, are drawbacks/cons of using Round-robin scheduling:
 If slicing time of OS is low, the processor output will be reduced.
 This method spends more time on context switching
 Its performance heavily depends on time quantum.
 Priorities cannot be set for the processes.
 Round-robin scheduling doesn't give special priority to more important tasks.
 Decreases comprehension
 Lower time quantum results in higher the context switching overhead in the system.
 Finding a correct time quantum is a quite difficult task in this system.
Worst Case Latency
This term is used for the maximum time taken for execution of all the tasks.

 dt = Denote detection time when a task is brought into the list

 st = Denote switching time from one task to another
 et = Denote task execution time

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Formula:

T
= {(dti+ sti + eti ), + (dti+ sti + eti )2 +...+ (dti+ sti + eti )N., + (dti+ sti + eti + eti) N} + tISR
worst
t,SR = sum of all execution times
Summary:

 The name of this algorithm comes from the round-robin principle, where each person gets an
equal share of something in turns.
 Round robin is one of the oldest, fairest, and easiest algorithms and widely used scheduling
methods in traditional OS.
 Round robin is a pre-emptive algorithm
 The biggest advantage of the round-robin scheduling method is that If you know the total
number of processes on the run queue, then you can also assume the worst-case response
time for the same process.
 This method spends more time on context switching
 Worst-case latency is a term used for the maximum time taken for the execution of all the
tasks.

Types of elimination tournament

1. Single elimination- is when a player or team loses, they get eliminated; the winning (player
team) continues to play to the next round. This happens until there is only one team left,
which will be declared the winner. This is usually used when time is limited while sacrificing
maximum play. It is the simplest to arrange and fastest way to proclaim a winner.

Advantage of the single elimination system

This system is often used in tournaments in which a large number of players or teams are
taking part because its most striking characteristic is” speed”. As it requires fewer matches be played
than other systems, a tournament can be completed in a shorter amount of time.

Single elimination schedule diagram

Taking the example of a tournament with eight teams competing:

A. If the single elimination system is used, the number of matches required is just 7 (shown by the
red arrow in the illustration below).
B. If double elimination is used, 14 matches must be played.

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C. If a mixed system is used (first round robin in two groups, the top two team of each group can
enter to the second round which use single elimination) 15 matches must be played.
D. If the round robin system is used, 28 matches need to be played.
As the number of players/teams increases, the difference between the number of matches each of
the systems require will widen. If you hold a badminton tournament with 32 teams competing today
but don’t want it to drag on too long, the single elimination system is perhaps your best choice.

Disadvantage of the single elimination system

This system involves more luck than the other systems. The draw may pit two teams that
have a hope of winning the tournament up against each other early on, with the losing side exiting
the competition. This means that although the champion produced using this system is undoubtedly
highly talented, the winners of the runner up spot downwards is likely to have been decided by an
element of luck.

2. Double Elimination- A double-elimination tournament is a type of elimination tournament

competition in which a participant ceases to be eligible to win the tournament's
championship upon having lost two games or matches. It stands in contrast to a single-
elimination tournament, in which only one defeat results in elimination. One method of
arranging a double-elimination tournament is to break the competitors into two sets of
brackets, the Winners Bracket and Losers Bracket after the first round. The first round
winners proceeding into the W Bracket and the losers proceeding into the L Bracket. The W
Bracket is conducted in the same manner as a single-elimination tournament, except of
course that the losers of each round "drop down" into the L Bracket. Another method of
double elimination tournament management is the Draw and Process. As with single-
elimination tournaments, most often the number of competitors is equal to a power of 2 so
that each round there are an even number of competitors and never any byes. The
maximum number of games in a double elimination tournament is one less than twice the
number of teams participating. The minimum number is two less than twice the number of
teams.
To determine the number of matches use the formula, N=(cx2)-2. For example 17
participants/teams times 2 equals 34 minus 2 equals 32 matches. And there is a possibility
there could be 33 matches if the loser bracket participant/team makes it to the final and
beats the winner bracket participant/team twice.

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IV. Check your Understanding:

1. what is the difference of intramurals from extramurals?

2. what are the things you need to consider in organizing an intramurals?

V. Enrichment:

1. identify the number of games from 12 teams and make a schedule of game using a round

robin tournament.

2. identify the number of games and byes from 10 teams and make a winners bracket using

single elimination tournament.

3. identify the number of games and byes from 14 teams and make a lossers bracket and

winners bracket using the double elimination tournament.

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VI. References/Materials:

Gialogo, R. & Gialogo, R.(2016). Fit for life: The K to 12 Physical Education and Health
Textbook

Gonzalo, R. Jr. (2016). Physical Education and Health for Senior High School.
Callo, L. & Dajime, P. (2016). Physical education and health. Volume 1

2021.01.28 2:52:25 AM