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9
Arts
Quarter 1, Wk.1 - Module 1
Western Classical Art Traditions
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Lesson 1:
Distinct characteristics, elements and principles of arts during the
different art periods ...................................................................................................................
What I Need to Know..................................................................................................1
What’s New ...............................................................................................................1
What Is It ........................................................................................................................2
What’s More .................................................................................................................5
What I Have Learned..................................................................................................6
What I Can Do ..............................................................................................................6
Summary ............................................................................................................................ 7
Assessment: (Post-Test).................................................................................................. 8
Key to Answers .................................................................................................................................. 9
References ........................................................................................................................................... 10
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What This Module is About
Even before humans learned to read and write, they were already artists as
manifested by the different archeological discoveries from the different parts of the
world.
Pre-historic art is classified into three periods such as; Paleolithic (Old Stone
Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) and Neolithic (New Stone Age) Eras.
Egyptian Civilization was one of the early civilizations that greatly contributed
in the development of art, religion, science and technology of the world. Egyptian art
is said to be religious in nature.
Ancient Greek art depicts naturalism. They portray human forms in a realistic
and anatomically precise manner. Their art has conservative form with a very complex
detail.
Roman art developed as a new source of artistic creativity and more
progressive than that of conservative Greek art. The diverse form and variety of the
Romans inspired the modern attitude in art.
Byzantine art was purposely made to glorify the Christian Religion and to
express its mystery. It is filled with spiritual symbolism and illustrates a love of
splendor. It was a combination of Eastern (decorative art forms) and classical Western
art (naturalistic art).
Romanesque art was characterized by its vigorous style in painting and
sculpture, lavishly decorated manuscripts and retained many basic features of Roman
architectural styles. It was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art with a highly
innovative and coherent style.
The basic characteristics of Gothic art styles reinforce symbolic meanings. The
church symbolizes the transcendence of the soul and the underlying philosophy is to
create buildings of height and light.
Different eras, different styles, characteristics and functions of arts occurred but
all of those contributed in the development and established the importance of arts in
our lives today.
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What I Need to Know
CONTENT STANDARD
The Learner demonstrates understanding of art elements and processes by
synthesizing and applying prior knowledge and skills
The learner demonstrates understanding that the arts are integral to the
development of organizations, spiritual belief, historical events, scientific
discoveries, natural disasters/ occurrences and other external phenomenon
PERFORMANCE STANDARDs
The Learner performs/ participates completely in a presentation of a creative
impression (verbal/ nonverbal) of a particular artistic period
The Learner recognizes the difference and uniqueness of the art styles of the
different periods (techniques, process, elements and principles of art)
OBJECTIVES:
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How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
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What I Know
PRE-TEST
To assess what you know about the musical elements during the Medieval,
Renaissance and Baroque Periods, answer the following activities.
PART I. IDENTIFICATION.
Instructions: Write the period being described in the statements below.
______________ 1. Paintings in this period were found in vases, panels and tombs
which depicted natural figures with dynamic compositions.
______________ 2. Paintings influenced by Greek and Rome but this time with
Christian subjects.
______________ 4. Largely placed mosaics on the walls of the churches with traces
of Mozarabic influences.
______________ 5. Paintings were found inside the caves and believed to be their
way of communicating with each other.
1. Most sculptures in this period are made of monumental terra-cotta with continuous narrative
reliefs around.
2. Dominant themes of their sculptures were religious, everyday life scenes and motifs from
nature.
3. Early sculptures were tensed and stiff, their bodies were hidden within enfolding robes but
eventually evolved and showed all points of human anatomy and proportion.
4. Sculptures have a greater freedom of style and subjects begun to project outward giving a
more lively and realistic effects.
5. Common materials used in their sculptures were wood, ivory and stones and showed
symbolic elements such as forms, hieroglyphics, color, actions and gestures.
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Distinct Characteristics,
Elements and Principles of Arts
Lesson during the different periods
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What I Need to Know
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to;
What’s New
Instructions: There are seven (7) Principles of Arts and Design. Unscramble the
letters to form the element using the clues below:
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What Is It
PRE-HISTORIC ERA
Paintings were found inside the caves and believed to be their way of
communicating each other. It may also be for religious or for ceremonial purposes and
more of an artefact of the archaeological evidence than a true picture of human’s first
created art. Pre-historic drawing showed animals that were usually correct in
proportion.
Sculptures were believed to be a product or result of natural erosion and not
of human artistry according to archaeologists. Materials used in sculptures vary
according to region and locality while carving may have mythological or religious
significance.
Architectures from the early age developed a form based on Megaliths (a big
rock) from the Greek word lithos (stone) and megas (big). Although these structures
that survived from prehistory might not be what we would normally think of as
architecture, but these buildings still inspire awe today, through the mysteries of their
meaning, the intricacy or scale of their design, or the ingenuity of their construction.
ANCIENT EGYPT
Paintings were believed to make the deceased life place pleasant giving
importance of life after death and the preservation of the knowledge of the past. Most
paintings were stylized, symbolic and shows profile view of an animal or a person with
themes that included the journey of the deceased gods to the underworld. The main
colours used in this period were red, black, blue, gold and green derived from mineral
pigments that can withstand strong sunlight without fading.
Sculptures were believed to have symbolic elements such as forms,
hieroglyphics, relative size, location, materials, colour, actions and gestures were
widely used. Their tombs required the most extensive use of sculpture. Characteristics
includes; symbolism to represent the gods where composite creature with animal
heads on human body, relief compositions were arranged in horizontal lines to record
an event or represent an action, most of the time the gods were shown larger than
humans. The kings are larger than the followers and the dead larger than the living,
empty spaces were filled with figures or hieroglyphics and all individual components
were all brought to the plane of representation and laid out like writing.
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Architectures were developed during the pre-dynastic period of 4,000 BC.
Characteristics of Egyptian Architecture includes; thick sloping walls with few openings
to obtain stability, exterior and interior walls along with the columns and piers were
covered with hieroglyphics and pictorial frescoes with carvings painted in brilliant
colours, ornamentations were symbolic like scarab (sacred beetle), solar disk, vulture
and common motifs such as palm leaves, buds, lotus flower and papyrus plants and
temples were aligned with astronomically significant events with precise
measurements like solstices (sun appears to stand still on the first day of winter) and
equinox (a time or date when day and night are of equal length).
CLASSICAL GREEK
Paintings during this period were most commonly found in vases, panels and
tomb. They depict natural figures with dynamic compositions and reveal a grasp of
linear perspective and naturalistic representation. Most of the subjects were battle
scenes, mythological figures and everyday scenes. Most common methods of Greek
painting are Fresco or water based painting and Encaustic or wax based painting.
Sculptures were tensed and stiff and their bodies were hidden within enfolding
robes or draping during the early times but it had finally evolved and showed all the
points of human anatomy and proportion after three centuries of experiments.
Architectures showed temples consisting of a central shrine or room in an
aisle surrounded by rows and columns. These buildings were designed in one of three
architectural style or orders; Doric, Ionic and Corinthian.
ROMAN ERA
BYZANTINE PERIOD
Paintings were lively styles which had been invented in Greek and Rome but
this time for Christian subjects. By the 11th century, the Greek and Oriental styles seem
to blend together in splendid, imposing images which ornamented the churches in
large and small forms.
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Sculptures were religious, everyday life scenes and motifs from nature.
Animals were used as symbols such as doves, deer, and peafowl while some had
acrostic signs that contained a great theological intent or significance.
Architectures from this period had a lot in common with the early Christian
architecture where mosaic decoration was perfected as was the use of clerestory to
bring light in from high windows. Byzantine’s advancement in developing the dome
created a new style in global architecture.
ROMANESQUE ERA
GOTHIC ERA
Paintings have been confined in the illumination of manuscript pages and the
paintings of frescoes on the walls of the churches were of cosmopolitan style in elegant
and sophisticated manner. Subjects of their paintings usually depict popular legends
and love stories with patterns like mille fleur or thousand flowers showed influence
which may have been due to the Crusades. Stained glass windows were created to
transform the vast stone interiors with warm colours to instruct Christian in their faith.
Sculptures had a greater freedom of style. They no longer lay closely against
the wall but begun to project outward. Figures were given their own particular attitudes
instead of being set into particular patterns but were more lively and realistic at the
same time.
Architectures from this period included two new devices such as pointed arch
which enabled builders to construct much higher ceiling vaults and stone vaulting
hauled on a network of stone ribs which were supported by piers and clustered pillars.
These elements together formed a structurally and aesthetically integrated system or
style which made the primary engineering innovation and design component of Gothic
architecture.
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What’s More
ACTIVITY 2. “GUESS THAT TRIPLE THREAT!!”
Instructions: Given the descriptions and characteristics of artworks from the different
periods on “What Is It”, analyse and identify which period does the three photos
represent and briefly answer the questions below.
PROCESS QUESTIONS:
1. How does the representative artworks of each period differ from each other in terms
of elements and principles of arts and design? In paintings? Sculptures? And
architecture? Explain briefly.
2. How were you able to identify the periods? Which of the characteristics did you find
more evident on the sample photos in the activity? Give examples.
3. Which period did you find more interesting in terms of paintings? How about
sculptures? And architecture? Explain briefly.
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What I Have Learned
Pre-Historic
Egyptian
CLASSICAL ART:
Greek
Roman
MEDIEVAL ART:
Byzantine
Romanesque
Gothic
What I Can Do
ACTIVITY 4. “MAKE ME A CATALOGUE”
Instructions: Choose two different eras or periods, compare and contrast the two by
creating a catalogue. Search for sample artworks or photos of the artworks of each
period that would help you support your content or output. Your catalogue will be
judged according to the following indicators:
2. CREATIVITY (30%)
Layout, Design, Materials Used and Artistic Choices
TOTAL: 100%
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Summary
This module aims to develop the critical thinking skills and analysing abilities of
the learners through various activities which aid in achieving the competency of the
week which is to analyse art elements and principles in the production of work following
the style of a western and classical art and identify the distinct characteristics of arts
during the different art periods.
Western classical arts were classified into three timelines; Ancient Arts which
includes Pre-Historic and Egyptian Eras, Classical Arts through Greek and Roman
Eras and Medieval Arts which was represented by Byzantine, Romanesque and
Gothic Eras.
Pre-historic era showed paintings as a way of communicating, sculptures as a
product of natural erosion and not of human artistry while architecture ignited man’s
imagination through megalithic monuments. Egyptian paintings emphasized on the
importance of life after death, sculptures that symbolized and represented the gods
and architecture that were structurally stable and astronomically significant and
scientific in nature.
Greek paintings used vases, panels and tombs and introduced methods of
painting such as Fresco and Encaustic, sculptures that showed all points of human
anatomy and proportion and emphasized on the representation of movement for
dramatic effects while architecture that highlighted buildings such as temples
surrounded by rows and columns thus introducing three architectural style or orders
(Doric, Ionic and Corinthian). Roman paintings were copied or imitated from Hellenic
Greek paintings but gave more importance on landscape paintings and introduced
mosaic painting, sculptures were made of monumental terra-cotta and produced
reliefs in the Great Roman triumphal columns and architectural designs that built
sturdy stones both for use and to perpetuate their glory.
Byzantine period emphasized on paintings, sculptures and architecture with
Christian subjects. Romanesque paintings emphasized on largely placed mosaics on
the walls of churches, sculptural pieces were reliquaries, altar frontals, crucifixes and
devotional images while architecture that were evident on doorways of churches or
grand sculpted portals. Gothic paintings showed frescoes on the walls of the churches
in cosmopolitan style, elegant and sophisticated manner, sculptures had great
freedom of style and begun to project outward while architectural designs included two
new devices such as pointed arch and stone vaulting.
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Assessment: (Post-Test)
PART I. IDENTIFICATION.
Instructions: Write the period being described in the statements below.
______________ 1. Paintings in this period were found in vases, panels and tombs
which depicted natural figures with dynamic compositions.
______________ 2. Paintings influenced by Greek and Rome but this time with
Christian subjects.
______________ 4. Largely placed mosaics on the walls of the churches with traces
of Mozarabic influences.
______________ 5. Paintings were found inside the caves and believed to be their
way of communicating with each other.
1. Most sculptures in this period are made of monumental terra-cotta with continuous narrative
reliefs around.
2. Dominant themes of their sculptures were religious, everyday life scenes and motifs from
nature.
3. Early sculptures were tensed and stiff, their bodies were hidden within enfolding robes but
eventually evolved and showed all points of human anatomy and proportion.
4. Sculptures have a greater freedom of style and subjects begun to project outward giving a
more lively and realistic effects.
5. Common materials used in their sculptures were wood, ivory and stones and showed
symbolic elements such as forms, hieroglyphics, color, actions and gestures.
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Key to Answers
LESSON 1
ACTIVITY 1. “JUMBLED BEE” ACTIVITY 2. “GUESS THAT TRIPLE THREAT”
1. BALANCE 1. BYZANTINE
2. CONTRAST 2. EGYPTIAN
3. EMPHASIS 3. GOTHIC
4. MOVEMENT 4. GREEK
5. PATTERN
6. RHYTHM
7. UNITY
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References
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_17th_edition/cmos_formatting_an
d_style_guide/chicago_manual_of_style_17th_edition.html
you can also use citation machine generators: citethisforme.com and citefast.com
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