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Module 1 Integral Exponents
Module 1 Integral Exponents
MATHEMATICS II
Y
MODULE 1
Integral Exponents
Department of Education
DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City
Module 1
Integral Exponents
This module is about algebraic expression with positive, zero and negative
exponents. Here you will develop skills in rewriting algebraic expressions with
zero and negative exponents and learn to apply this in solving problems.
A. Simplify:
1. 32 · 32 6. (x2)4
2. (52)2 7. 5a2b · 2a5b2
3. 42 · 43 · 22 · 23 8. (3ab)(2bc)(abc)
4. 9.
5. 10.
2
B. Evaluate the following expressions
1. x0 6. –12b0
2. 1000 7. (-3)2(3)0
3. 5x0 8.
4. (25)0 9. (3xy)0
5. 10. 3x0
1. 3-1 6.
2. 10-1 7. (xy)-4
3. 8-3 8. (4-1)-3
4. 1-4 9.
5. x-3y3 10.
1. 4x = 64
2. 10x = 1000
3. 3x = 27
4. 23x = 64
5. 3x-1 = 243
6. The speed of sound is about 5.13 x 10 3 per second. Find the distance
traveled by sound in one hour.
8. The speed of light is 1.86 x 10 5 miles per second. Find the speed of
light in km/sec. (1km = .62 mi)
3
9. One mole of hydrogen molecules has a mass of 2.016 g and contains
6.02 x 1023 hydrogen molecules. What is the hydrogen molecules
content of a 102 mole?
Lesson 1
For all real numbers a, and integers m and n, the following laws of
exponent applies to expressions having the same base:
a. Multiplication:
am · an = am + n
b. Powers of Power
(am)n = amn.
Examples:
4
c. Division:
am ÷ an = am - n
Examples:
1. 42 · 43 6. (22)3
2. 5 · 52 7. (32)2 · 43
3. 24 · 23 · 32 · 34 8. (22)2 · (3)2
4. 102 · 103 9. (4 · 2)3
5. (6)(62)(62) 10. 102 · 53
B. Simplify:
1. (82)2 6. (b6)5
2. (7-1)-2 7. (22b3)2
3. (42)2 8. (5x5y3)3
4. (23 · 23)2 9. (4c5d3e)2
5. (54 · 5-3)2 10. (3a3b2c )2
1. 105 ÷ 103 6. r7 ÷ r6
2. 93 ÷ 9 7. 14a10 ÷ 2a-5
3. 52 ÷ 5-2 8. 18x6y3 ÷ 3x3y
4. 7-1 ÷ 7-2 9. 15x3y4 ÷ 5x3y
5. 45 ÷ 4 10. 24a7b5 c3 ÷ 4a3b3c3
Lesson 2
5
Zero and Negative Exponents
Zero Exponents:
In the quotient rule, to divide expressions with the same base, keep the
base and subtract the exponents.
That is
Equation 1
Equation 2
If you compare equations (1) and (2), you can see that the following
definition is reasonable.
Examples:
4. –3y0 = -3(y0)
= -3(1) = -3 In -3y0, the exponent 0 applies only to y.
Negative Exponents:
6
In the product rule, to multiply expressions with the same base, keep the
base and add the exponents.
Now, suppose that you allow one of the exponents to be negative and
apply the product rule, then you have, suppose that m = 3 and n = -3.
We get
Negative Exponents:
Examples:
(Note: To simplify will mean to write the expression with positive exponents)
simplify
simplify
7
Get the reciprocal to have a
4. positive exponent, simplify then
divide.
To divide fractions, get the
reciprocal and proceed to
multiplication.
5. 2x-3 = The exponent –3 applies only to
the variable x, and not to the
coefficient 2.
Caution: The expression 4w-2 and (4w)-2 are not the same. Do you see why?
6. 4w-2 =
7. (4w)-2 =
1. 250 6. x0y
2. (m4n4)0 7. (xyz)0
3. 8m0 8. 10000
4. –7t0 9. (ab)0
8
B. Simplify each of the following expressions.
1. a-10 6. 10x-5
2. 2-4 7. (2y)-4
3. (-4)-2 8. –5t-2
4. 9.
5. 3w-4 10.
Lesson 3
Examples:
9
2x = 2 Simplify
x=1 Therefore, x = 1.
4. 9x + 1 = 27x Express both sides as a power of 3, 9 = 3 3 and
32(x+1) = 33(x) 27 = 3 3 3.
32x + 2 = 33x Distributive Property of Multiplication.
2x + 2 = 3x Simplify
-x = -2
x=2 Therefore, x = 2.
2. 8x = 2 7. 2x + 2 = 32
3. 4x = 8. 23x – 3 = 64
5. 23x = 64 10. 2x + 3 – 23 =
B. Solve for x.
1. 7x = 49 6. 10x + 52 = 125
10
Lesson 4
Scientific Notation:
Scientific Notation
Examples:
4. 3,000,000,000 = 3 x 109
However, if the decimal point is to be moved to the right, the exponent will
be negative.
11
5. 0.0006 = 6 x 10-4
Examples:
4. 2.8 x 10-6
The exponent is negative 6 so you move the
decimal point to the left. Add zeros if necessary.
0. 0 0 0 0 0 2 8
Examples:
12
Solve the following problems.
1. Light travels at a speed of 3.05 X 108 meters per second (m/s). There
are approximately 3.15 x 107 in a year. How far does light travel in a
year?
Solution:
= 9.6075 x1015
Solution:
1. 0.92 x 102
2. 1.62 x 10-5
3. 10.63 x 103
4. 8.26 x 104
5. 0.34 x 10-1
13
7. 31,400 = 3.14 x 104
8. 35,604,000 = 3.56 x 107
9. 4,620,000 = 4.62 x 107
10. 179,990,000 = 1.8 x 108
1. 120,000
2. 0.00078
3. 0.165
4. 1235
5. 678,435,848
6. 3,784,600
7. 0.0000000543
8. 0.00000077
9. 25.3 x 105
10. 39640000 x 10-3
7. The mass of the earth is about 5795 000 000 000 000 000 000 kg.
Express the mass in scientific notation.
8. The farthest object that can be seen with the unaided eye is the
Andromeda galaxy. This galaxy is 2.3 x 1022 km from the earth. What is
this distance in light-years?
14
9. A light year the distance travels in one year is equal to 9.44 x 10 12 km.
If the Polaris is about 64 000 000 000 km from the earth, how long will
it take the light from this star to reach the earth?
10. The speed of radio waves is 297 600 km per second. How much time
is needed for the radio impulse to travel from a station to a radio if the
distance between them is 1280 km?
Let’s summarize
1. For any real numbers a, and integers m and n, the following laws of exponent
applies to expressions having the same base:
a. Multiplication:
am · an = am + n
b. Powers of Power
(am)n = amn.
c. Division:
am ÷ an = am - n
2. Zero Exponents:
3. Negative Exponents:
For any nonzero real number a and whole number n, and a-n is
the multiplicative inverse/ reciprocal of an.
5. Scientific Notation
15
What have you learned
1. 850 6. 4w-2
2. –8t0 7. (4w)-2
3. (m4n2)0 8.
4. 9.
5. (-2)3(3)0 10.
1. (5)4 6. (4a5)(5a3)
2. 52 · 5 7. (5w-2)(4w)-2
3. (–4t)3 8. 45x7y4 ÷ 5x3y3
4. (m4n2)3 9.
5. (-5)3(3)2 10.
C. Solve for x.
1. 83x + 2 = 820 6. 6x – 3 – 52 = 191
2. 62x – 4 = 616 7. 162x + 1 = 4x - 3
3. 35x = 243 8. 82x = 16x - 1
1. 170,000,000
16
2. 8,200,000,000
3. 0.00000035
4. 0.000000000065
5. 4.0073 x 108
6. 2.791 x 10-4
7. 4.756 x 10-5
9. Megres, the nearest of the big Dipper stars is 6.6 x 10 17 m from earth.
Approximately how long does it take light traveling at 10 16 m/year, to
travel from Megres to earth?
10. The number of liters of water on earth is 15, 500 followed by 19 zeros.
Write this number in scientific notation. Then use the number of liters
of water on earth to find out how much water is available for each
person on earth. The population is 5.3 billion.
17
ANSWER KEY
A. 1. 81 6. x8
2. 625 7. 10a7b3
3. 32768 8. 6a2b3c2
4. 8 9. 4x7y5
5. 9 10. 4x4y4
B. 1. 1 6. -12
2. 1 7. 9
3. 5 8. 1
4. 1 9. 1
5. 7 10. 3
C. 1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8. 64
4. 1 9.
5. 10.
D. 1. x=3
2. x=3
3. x=3
18
4. x=2
5. x=6
6. 1.8468 x 107
7. 18,450,000,000,000,000,000
8. 3 x 105 km/sec
9. 6.02 x 1025
Lesson 1
A. 1. 1024 6. 64
2. 125 7. 419904
3. 93312 8. 1296
B. 1. 4096 6. b30
2. 49 7. 16b6
3. 256 8. 125x15y9
4. 64 9. 16c10d6e2
5. 25 10. 9a6b4c2
C. 1. 100 6. r
2. 81 7. 7a15
3. 625 8. 9x3y24
4. 7 9. 3x0y3
19
Lesson 2
A. 1. 1 6. y
2. 1 7. 1
3. 8 8. 1
4. –7 9. 1
5. p 10. -5
B. 1. 6.
2. 7.
3. - 8.
4. 9. x4
5. 10.
Lesson 3
A. 1. x = 4 6. x = 2
2. 7. x = 3
3. x = -3 8. x = 3
4. x = 4 9. x = 3
5. x = 2 10. x = -5
B. 1. x = 2 6. x = 2
2. x = -1 7. x = 11
20
3. x = 7 8. x = 1
4. x = 10 9. x = -2
5. x = 4 10 x = 9
Lesson 4
A. 1. No 6. Correct
2. Yes 7. Correct
3. No 8. Wrong
4. Yes 9. Wrong
5. No 10. Wrong
B. 1. 1.2 x 10 5
2. 7.8 x 10 -4
3. 1.65 x 10-1
4. 1.235 x 10 3
5. 6.78435848 x 108
6. 3.7846 x 106
7. 5.43 x 10-8
8. 7.7 x 10-7
9. 2.53 x 106
C. 1. 380,000 km
2. 40 km.
3. 90,000 m
4. 100,000,000,000 kg
21
5. 220,000,000 molecules
D. 6. 1 x 10-8
7. 5.795 x 1021
8. 2,300,000
9. 2.47 days
A. 1. 1 6.
2. –8 7.
3. 1 8.
4. 17 9. x4
5. –8 10.
B. 1. 625 6. 20a8
2. 125 7.
3. -64t3 8. 9x4y
4. m12n6 9. 4c2
5. 1125 10.
C. 1. x = 6
2. x = 10
3. x = 1
22
4. x = 2
5. x = 1
6. x = 6
7.
8. x = -2
9.
10.
D. 1. 1.7 x 108
2. 8.2 x 109
3. 3.5 x 10-7
4. 6.5 x 10-11
E. 5. 400,730,000
6. 0.0002791
7. 0.00004756
F. 8. 28
9. 66 years
23