STUDY OF SOIL

STABILIZATION BY
USING CEMENT,
RECRON-3S AND FLY ASH
 STUDY OF SOIL STABILIZATION BY USING
CEMENT, RECORN-3S AND FLY ASH
A MINI PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
R S SIVA HANUMAN (19A25A0129)
Y HEMA SREE (18A21A0116)
M VENKAT KIRAN (18A21A0107)
A PRAVEEN KUMAR (19A25A0103)
K DURGA RAO (19A25A0115)
K RAJA SEKHAR REDDY (17A21A0132)

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

Of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Under the Guidance of
Mrs K RAMYA MTech

Associate professor

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SWARNANDHRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(AUTONOMOUS)
(Approved by A.I.C.T.E, New Delhi Affiliated to J.N.T. University, Kakinada.
Accredited by NAAC with “A” Grade) JNT UNIVERSITY KAKINADA, Seetharamapuram,
Narasapuram – 534280, JANUARY – 2022
SWARNANDHRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
(Approved by A.I.C.T.E, New Delhi Affiliated to J.N.T. University, Kakinada.
Accredited by National Board of Accreditation, New Delhi,
Accredited by NAAC with “A” Grade)

Seetharamapuram, Narasapuram - 534280.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the main project report title “STUDY OF SOIL
STABILIZATION BY USING CEMENT, RECORN-3S AND FLY ASH” is a bonafide
work of R S SIVA HANUMAN (19A25A0129), Y HEMA SREE (18A21A0116), M
VENKAT KIRAN (18A21A0107), A PRAVEEN KUMAR (19A25A0103), K DURGA
RAO (19A25A0115), K RAJA SEKHAR REDDY (17A21A0132) carried out
during the academic year 2021 -2022 in partial fulfilment for the
award of the degree “BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY”.

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

I
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our gratitude to our Principal Dr.S Suresh Kumar, for providing
necessary facilities to make this main project a success.

As this works takes its present shape, the Authors express their depth in thanks and
gratitude to Mr. G.V.L.N. MURTHY, Head of the Civil Engineering Department for his
inspiring guidance, sustained encouragement and valuable suggestions throughout in this
course of main project work.

We the members of project express our deep sense of gratitude and profound thanks
to our project guide Mrs K Ramya M.Tech Associate Professor for his fabulous guidance and
incentive. His prodigious experience and profound knowledge helpful in the completion of
our main project.

With Sincere Regards

R S SIVA HANUMAN (19A25A0129)

Y HEMA SREE (18A21A0116)

M VENKAT KIRAN (18A21A0107)

A PRAVEEN KUMAR (19A25A0103)

K DURGA RAO (19A25A0115)

K RAJA SEKHAR REDDY (17A21A0132)

 II

DECLARATION
We affirm that the mini project work titled “STUDY OF SOIL STABILIZATION
BY USING CEMENT, RECORN-3S AND FLY ASH” being submitted in partial
fulfilment for the award of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.Tech) is the original work
carried out by me.

It has formed the part of any other project work submitted for award of any Degree or
Diploma either in this or any other university.

R S SIVA HANUMAN (19A25A0129)

Y HEMA SREE (18A21A0116)

M VENKAT KIRAN (18A21A0107)

A PRAVEEN KUMAR (19A25A0103)

K DURGA RAO (19A25A0115)

K RAJA SEKHAR REDDY (17A21A0132)

I certify that the declaration made above by the candidates is true.

PROJECT GUIDE

MRS K RAMYA M.Tech.

Associate professor
 III
RED SOIL STABILIZATION

CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT II

DECLARATION III

ABSTRACT 3

INTRODUCTION 4

LITERATURE REVIEW: 5

Satyam Tiwari et al. (2016)

Shailendra Singh, et al. (2013)

Vaclavik et al. (2012)

Manjunath (2011)

Sayida and Saijamol (2011)

Phanikumar and Sharma (2004)

Pandian et.al. (2002)

Erdal Cokca (2001)

S. Bhuvaneshwari and S.R. Gandhi

MATERIALS USED: 9

Red Soil

Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)

Polyester Fibre

Fly Ash

1
RED SOIL STABILIZATION

LABORATORY TESTS: 15

Grain size analysis

Liquid Limit

Modified Compaction Test

CONCLUSION: 20

REFERANCE: 21

LIST OF GRAPHS
Grain size analysis graph

Liquid limit graph

6% of cement using recron-3s

8% of cement using recron-3s

6% of cement using recron-3s and flyash

8% of cement using recron-3s and flyash

 2
RED SOIL STABILIZATION

Abstract:

The growth of population has created a need for better and economical vehicular
operation which requires good highway. It requires large amount of earth material. The
highway must be maintained so that comfort, convenience and safety are provided to the
travelling public. Cement stabilization was proposed to improve soil properties and it requires
addition of pozzolanic materials to avoid collapsibility of soils on saturation and also to
increase the tensile strength and to change the soils from brittle to ductile, fiber is also added
to red soil along with cement and Fly ash.
These mixes were tested to obtain optimum percentage of cement and fiber and added
Flays. The variation of strength characteristics was also studied by conducting the tests like
Modified Compaction Test. In this project we are going to stabilize the soil by using
RECRON-3S, FLYASH and CEMENT. Here we are using recron-3S as (1%), fly ash at
(10%), Cement at (6%-8%) with different proportion of soil with additives.
Keywords: Red soil, Portland Pozzolana cement, Polyester fiber, Fly Ash

3
RED SOIL STABILIZATION

Introduction:
Red soil is mainly used as a construction material when mixed with small amount of
Portland cement and water many structures are built on these soils like roads, buildings, etc.
The main disadvantage of these soils is that it is strong in dry condition and collapses in wet
condition, so to rationalize these soils are stabilized. Soil-Cement is an intimate mix of soil,
cement and water, which is well compacted to form a strong base course. Cement treated or
cement modified soil refers to the compacted mix when cement is used in small proportions
to impact some strength or to modify the properties of the soil. It is commonly used as a
cheap pavement base for roads, streets and parking and therefore it is said to be economical.
The strength of soil-cement base actually increases with age providing good long- term
performance. Fiber also reduces water permeability, and it prevents water or moisture from
entering and migrating. The dry density of the fly ash-soil mixture increases significantly,
while the water requirement reduces due to the addition of fly ash.

Soil stabilization is the process of improving the engineering properties of the soils
and thus making it more stable. The soil is the only material which supports the structural
foundation of buildings, dams and roads. For the poor engineering properties of these soils it
has forced engineers to improve the bearing capacity problem by improving the engineering
properties of soil by using different soil stabilization methods. The black cotton and red soils
expel and shrinks when they get contact of moisture content or variation of moisture
content. This method is more suitable for soil layers in cold weather conditions, since these
plastic soils will swell highly with increase in moisture content.

Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) increases with increase in percentage of cement

and coir fibers. This is because of replacement of certain volume of soil by absorptive
chemosphere of cement and dry coir fiber. Maximum Dry Density (MDD) value increases
with increase in percentage of cement, while it decreases with increase in percentage of coir
fibres. As cement has higher specific gravity, the addition of cement increases the density
and addition of fiber decreases the density as they are light in weight. In the present work,
an attempt has been made to study the compaction tests were conducted with varying
percentages
 4

RED SOIL STABILIZATION

of Portland Pozzolana Cement, fly ash and Plastic Recron-3S fibers blending in red soil with
different percentages with a view to determine the optimum percentage and also the effect
on geotechnical properties.

Literature Review:
Satyam Tiwari et al. (2016):

They explained the “Soil Stabilization Using Waste Fibre Materials”, and
investigated the use of waste fibre materials in geotechnical applications and to evaluate the
effects of waste polypropylene fibres on shear strength of unsaturated soil by carrying out
direct shear tests and unconfined compression tests on two different soil samples. The
percentages of fibre reinforcement added are 0, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25. Based on Specific
gravity of a soil-With mixing of 0.05% fibres (PPF) specific gravity of the soil increases by
0.3%. Strength of the soil is directly proportional to specific gravity; more is the specific
gravity more will be the strength of soil. Based on liquid limit of a. Soil without
reinforcement and with reinforcement have liquid limit difference of 18.18%.

Shailendra Singh, et al. (2013):

They explained the “Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil using Lime”. The
stabilization of black cotton soil with lime has been done in three different ratios of lime i.e.
0%, 4%, 6%. After that, the soil with lime in above percentage the various tests have been
performed. They concluded that the addition of lime at 4% and 6% decreases the liquid limit
by 12.1% and 17.7%. MDD is found to decrease by 2.4% and 5.6% at 4% and 6% lime
content. The swelling pressure at 4% and 6% decreased by 40% and 80% respectively.
ANKIT JAIN, et al. (2016): They explained the “Effect of lime on the index properties of
black cotton soil”. A Serious of laboratory tests conducted on black cotton soil mixed with
different proportion of lime i.e. 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% by weight of dry soil. Based
on their investigation they concluded that, liquid limit of soil decreases from 67.49% to
52.01% with increase in lime content up to 8% after that there is no significant change with
increase in lime content. Plasticity index of soil decreases from 37.16% to 10.43% with
increase in lime content up to 8%. Differential free swelling of soil decreases from 60% to
14% with increasing lime content.
 5

RED SOIL STABILIZATION

Above results shows that the swelling characteristics of soil is reduced and optimum dosage
of lime is found at 8%.

Vaclavik et al. (2012):

This paper deals with physical and mechanical property of experimental concrete
mixtures based on finely granulated blast furnace slag be observed the consistency of
concrete mixture and determination of cube strength of the concrete.

Manjunath (2011):

Studied the mixing of blast furnace slag (an industrial waste) with hydrated lime is
used to stabilize atypical black cotton soil. The addition of blast furnace slag and lime to
increase the geotechnical property of soil.

Sayida and Saijamol (2011):

Studied the improving engineering property of the soil. They added chemical
then react with cementing compound. The present analysis is kaolinite clay is mixed with
different proportion of fly ash and sea sand. Then the addition of sand raise the CBR value.

Phanikumar and Sharma (2004):

A similar study was carried out by Phanikumar and Sharma and the effect of Fly Ash on
engineering properties of expansive soil through an experimental programme. The effect on
parameters like free swell index (FSI), swell potential, swelling pressure, plasticity,
compaction, strength and hydraulic conductivity of expansive soil was studied. The ash
blended expansive soil with FLY ASH contents of 0, 5, 10,15 and 20% on a dry weight basis
and they inferred that increase in FLY ASH content reduces plasticity characteristics and the
FSI was reduced by about 50% by the addition of 20% Fly Ash. The hydraulic conductivity
of expansive soils mixed with Fly Ash decreases with an increase in Fly Ash content, due to
the increase in maximum dry unit weight with an increase in Fly Ash content. When the Fly
Ash content increases there is a decrease in the optimum moisture content and the maximum
dry unit weight increases. The effect of Fly Ash is akin to the increased compactive effort.
Hence

RED SOIL STABILIZATION

the expansive soil is rendered more stable. The untrained shear strength of the expansive soil
blended with Fly Ash increases with the increase in the ash content.

Pandian et.al. (2002):

Studied the effect of two types of Fly Ashes Raichur Fly Ash (Class F) and Neyveli Fly
Ash (Class C) on the CBR characteristics of the black cotton soil. The Fly Ash content was
increased from 0 to 100%. Generally, the CBR/strength is contributed by its cohesion and
friction. The CBR of BC soil, which consists of predominantly of finer particles, is
contributed by cohesion. The CBR of Fly Ash, which consists predominantly of coarser
particles, is contributed by its frictional component. The low CBR of BC soil is attributed to
the inherent low strength, which is due to the dominance of clay fraction. The addition of Fly
Ash to BC soil increases the CBR of the mix up to the first optimum level due to the
frictional resistance from Fly Ash in addition to the cohesion from BC soil. Further addition
of Fly Ash beyond the optimum level causes a decrease up to 60% and then up to the second
optimum level there is an increase. Thus, the variation of CBR of Fly Ash-BC soil mixes can
be attributed to the relative contribution of frictional or cohesive resistance from Fly Ash or
BC soil, respectively. In Neyveli Fly Ash also there is an increase of strength with the
increase in the Fly Ash content, here there will be additional pozzolanic reaction forming
cementitious compounds resulting in good binding between BC soil and Fly Ash particles.

Erdal Cokca (2001):

Effect of Fly Ash on expansive soil was studied by Erdal Cokca,FLY ASH consists
of

often hollow spheres of silicon, aluminium and iron oxides and unoxidized carbon. There 1
Research Scholar, eshwari28@yahoo.co.in 2 Assistant Professor, robinson@iitm.ac.in 3.
Professor, srgandhi@iitm.ac.in Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-36. Fly Ash
India 2005, New Delhi Fly Ash Utilization Programme (FAUP), TIFAC, DST, New Delhi –
110016 are two major classes of Fly Ash, class C and class F. The former is produced from
burning anthracite or bituminous coal and the latter is produced from burning lignite and sub
bituminous coal. Both the classes of Fly Ash are pozzolans, which are defined as siliceous
and aluminous materials. Thus, Fly Ash can provide an array of divalent and trivalent cations

RED SOIL STABILIZATION

(Ca2+, Al3+, Fe3+etc) under ionized conditions that can promote flocculation of dispersed

clay particles. Thus, expansive soils can be potentially stabilized effectively by cation
exchange using Fly Ash. He carried out investigations using Soma Fly Ash and Tuncbilek
Fly Ash and added it to expansive soil at 0-25%. Specimens with Fly Ash were cured for
7days and 28 days after which they were subjected to Oedometer free swell tests. And his
experimental findings confirmed that the plasticity index, activity and swelling potential of
the samples decreased with increasing percent stabilizer and curing time and the optimum
content of Fly Ash in decreasing the swell potential was found to be 20%. The changes in the
physical properties and swelling potential is a result of additional silt size particles to some
extent and due to chemical reactions that cause immediate flocculation of clay particles and
the time dependent pozzolanic and self-hardening properties of Fly Ash and he concluded
that both high –calcium and low calcium class C Fly Ashes can be recommended as effective
stabilizing agents for improvement for improvement of expansive soils.

S. Bhuvaneshwari and S.R. Gandhi:

A study was carried out by S. Bhuvaneshwari and S.R. Gandhi on the effect of
engineering properties of soil through an experimental programme. Infrastructure projects
such as highways, railways, water reservoirs, reclamation etc. requires earth material in very
large quantity. In urban areas, borrow earth is not easily available which has to be hauled
from a long distance. Quite often, large areas are covered with highly plastic and expansive
soil, which is not suitable for such purpose. Extensive laboratory / field trials have been
carried out by various researchers and have shown promising results for application of such
expansive soil after stabilization with additives such as sand, silt, lime, Fly Ash, etc. As Fly
Ash is freely available, for projects in the vicinity of a Thermal Power Plants, itcan be used
for stabilization of expansive soils for various uses. The present paper describes a study
carried outto check the improvements in the properties of expansive soil with Fly Ash in
varying percentages. Both laboratory trials and field tests have been carried out and results
are reported in this paper. One of the major difficulties in field application is thorough mixing
of the two materials (expansive soil and Fly Ash) in required proportion to form a
homogeneous mass. The paper describes a method adopted for placing these materials in
layers of required thickness and operating a

RED SOIL STABILIZATION

“Disc Harrow”. A trial embankment of 30m length by 6m width by0.6m high was
successfully constructed and the in-situ tests carried out proved its suitability for construction
of embankment, ash dykes, filling low-laying areas, etc.

MATERIALS USED:

Details of various materials used during the laboratory experimentation are reported in
the following section.

Red Soil:
Red soil is derived from weathering of ancient metamorphic rock of the Deccan plateau,
thin organic layers overlying a yellowish-brown leached deposit resting on an alluvial. Their
colour is mostly ferric oxides occurring a slight coating on the soil particle through the iron
oxide arise as hematite as hydrous ferric oxide, the colour is red and when it happens in the
hydrate system as limonite the soil becomes yellow in colour. The sample was collected near
Swarnandhra College of Engineering and Technology, Narasapuram and the sample was in
red colour. The physical properties were found based on IS code provisions. The results were
shown in Table 1.
 9

RED SOIL STABILIZATION

 10

RED SOIL STABILIZATION

Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC):

The Portland Pozzolana Cement is new generation cement and is a kind of blended
cement which is produced by either intergrading of OPC clinker along with gypsum and
pozzolanic materials in certain proportions or grinding the OPC clinker, gypsum and
pozzolanic materials separately and thoroughly blending them in certain proportions.
Pozzolana is a natural or artificial material containing silica in a reactive form to enhance
ultimate performance of concrete. The properties of Portland Pozzolana Cement are shown in
Table 2.

Sl No Particular PPC
1. Fineness 2.67%
2. Standard Consistency 29%
3. Initial setting time 86 minutes
4. Final setting time 300 minutes
5. Specific gravity 3.05
Physical properties:

1. Silica (SiO2) 31
2. Alumina (Al2O3) 10.6
3. Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) 4.6
4. Lime (CaO) 42.5
5. Sulphur trioxide (SO3) 2.1
6. Magnesia (MgO) 2.2
7. Loss on Ignition, % 5.6
8. Free moisture content, % 1.5
 9. Insoluble residue, % 2.3
Chemical properties:

11

RED SOIL STABILIZATION

Polyester Fibre:

Recron -3S is a state of art reinforcing material which is used to increase strength in a
variety of applications like automotive battery, paper, filtration fabrics, and asbestos cement
sheets, cement-based pre-cast products and for improving quality of construction. Fibre also
reduces water permeability and it prevents water or moisture from entering and migrating
throughout the concrete and helps prevent the corrosion of steel used for primary
reinforcement in the structure, improving the longevity of the structure. The properties of
polyester fibre are shown in Table 3.
Chemical Composition Polyester Fibre

Cross-Section Triangular

Diameter Micron 30-40

Elongation % >100

Cut Length (mm) 3.6 and 1.2

Moisture flat (%) <1.0

Melting Point (0C) 240-260

12
Softening Point (0C) 220 RED SOIL STABILIZATION

Specific Gravity (cc/gm) 1.34-1.40

 13
RED SOIL STABILIZATION

FlyAsh:
Rice husks are the hard-protective coverings of rice grains which are separated from the
grains during milling process. Rice husk is an abundantly available waste material in all rice
producing countries, and it contains about 30%–50% of organic carbon. In the course of a
typical milling process, the husks are removed from the raw grain to reveal whole brown rice
which upon further milling to remove the bran layer will yield white rice. Current rice
production in the world is estimated to be 700 million tons. Rice husk constitutes about 20%
of the weight of rice and its composition is as follows: cellulose (50%), lignin (25%–30%),
silica (15%–20%), and moisture (10%–15%). Bulk density of rice husk is low and lies in the
range 90–150 kg/m3.

Sources of rice husk ash (RHA) will be in the rice growing regions of the world, as
for example China, India, and the far-East countries. RHA is the product of incineration of
rice husk. Most of the evaporable components of rice husk are slowly lost during burning and
the primary residues are the silicates. The characteristics of the ash are dependent on (1)
composition of the rice husks, (2) burning temperature, and (3) burning time. Every 100 kg of
husks burnt in a boiler for example will yield about 25 kg of RHA. In certain areas, rice husk
is used as a fuel for parboiling paddy in rice mills, whereas in some places it is field-burnt as
a local fuel. However, the combustion of rice husks in such cases is far from complete and
the partial burning also contributes to air pollution. The calorific value of rice husks is about
50% of that of coal, and assuming that husks have about 8%–10% of moisture content and
zero bran, the calorific value is estimated to be 15 MJ/kg. Under controlled burning
conditions, the volatile organic matter in the rice husk consisting of cellulose and lignin are
removed and the residual ash is predominantly amorphous silica with a (microporous)
cellular structure (Fig. 13.1). Due to its highly microporous structure, specific surface area of
RHA as determined by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption method can
range from 20 to as high as 270 m2/g, while that of silica fume, for example is in the range of
18–23 m2/g.

14

RED SOIL STABILIZATION

Chemical component Rice husk ash Fly ash
SiO2 79.5 66.8
Al2O3 0.09 7.2
Fe2O3 0.06 5.1
CaO 0.64 2.7
MgO 0.83 2.7
Na2O 0.07 0.9
K2O 3.75 4.5
P2O5 0.31 -
Loss on Ignition 14.3 9.8
Laboratory Tests:

Grain Size Distribution:

For soil samples of soil retained on 75 micron I.S sieve.  The proportion of soil
sample retained on 75 micron I.S sieve is weighed and recorded weight of soil sample is as
per I.S 2720.  I.S sieves are selected and arranged in the order as shown in the table.  The soil
sample is separated into various fractions by sieving through above sieves placed in the above
mentioned order. The weight of soil retained on each sieve is recorded. The moisture content
of soil if above 5% it is to be measured and recorded. No particle of soil sample shall be
pushed
through the sieves.
15
RED SOIL STABILIZATION

Series2; 100
Finer (%)

Size of Particles (mm)

Liquid Limit:
About 120 g of oven dry soil sample passing 425 micron IS sieve shall be mixed
thoroughly with distilled water in the evaporating dish or on the flat glass plate to form a
uniform paste. The paste will have a consistency that will require 30 to 35 drops of the cup to
cause the required closure of the standard groove. In the case of red soils, the soil paste shall
be left to stand for a sufficient time (24 hours) so as to ensure uniform distribution of
moisture throughout the soil mass. The cup will be fitted and dropped by turning the crank at
the rate of two revolutions per second until the two halves of the soil cake come in contact
with bottom of the groove along a distance of approximately 12 mm. The number of drops is
recorded. A representative slice of soil approximately shall be taken in a suitable container
and its moisture content is determined. The remaining soil in the cup will be transferred to the
evaporating dish. Then the cup and the grooving tool will be cleaned thoroughly. The
operations shall be repeated
for at least three more additional trails by adding sufficient water to bring the soil to a more
fluid condition.

16
RED SOIL STABILIZATION

Modified Compaction Test:

Modified Compaction Tests were conducted on red soil treated with different
percentages of Portland Pozzolanic Cement and Fibers mixed with a view to determine the
effect of PPC and fibres on MCT.
 Collect soil sample weight about 8 kgs by passing it through the IS sieve 4.75 mm and

20 mm. Then find out the % of soil sample retain on 20 mm and 4.75 mm sieve. If the % of
17
RED SOIL STABILIZATION

retained soil on 4.7 mm sieve is more than 20 then choose 150 mm dia mould for test and if
the % of soil retained on 4.7 mm sieve is less than 20% then choose 100 mm dia mould for
test. Now, combine the % soil passing through 4.75 mm and retain on 4.75 together to
prepare at least 5 kgs of soil sample for test. Take modified proctor test mould with base plate
dry and clean it properly and apply slight grease inside. Measure weight of mould with base
plate at accuracy of 1 gm (W1). Collect 5 kgs of soil sample and add water to bring water
content in soil up to 10% for sandy soil. Prepare at least 6-8 part from whole soil sample. Fix
collar on mould and place it on hard surface. Take 2.5 kg from prepared soil sample and fill
the mould in 3 equal layers such that each layer is about 1/3rd of total height of mould.
Compact each layer with rammer by giving 25 nos. of blows. The compaction by rammer is
done properly such that rammer hit entire area of mould filled with soil. Fill the mould up to
top of the collar attached. Once soil is filled up to remove collar from top of mould. Cut
down and remove extra soil outing from mould with straight edge. Now weight mould with
soil sample as W2. Take out all soil sample from the mould. Collect at least 3 sample of soil
for water content determination. Add 2% more water to remaining soil sample and repeat
above steps. Do this more 12%, 14% and 16% water content and repeat same steps. From
water content, weight of mould and weight of mould with soil find out bulk density of soil.
 6% OF CEMENT AND 1% RECRON-3S
0.8 0.76

0.7

0.6

0.5
dry density

0.4

0.3

0.2 0.17 0.15

0.11
0.1

0
10% 12% 14% 16%
water content %

6%

18
RED SOIL STABILIZATION

8% OF CEMENT AND 1% RECRON-3S

0.18 0.17
0.16
0.14 0.13
0.12
dry density

0.1 0.09
0.08
0.06
0.039
0.04
0.02
0
10% 12% 14% 16%
water content %

8%
 6% OF CEMENT, 1% RECRON-3S AND FLY ASH
0.8 0.76

0.7

0.6

0.5
dry density

0.4

0.3

0.2 0.17 0.15

0.11
0.1

0
10% 12% 14% 16%
water content %

6%

19

RED SOIL STABILIZATION

8% OF CEMENT, 1% RECRON-3S AND FLY ASH

0.14 0.13 0.133
0.12
0.12 0.11

0.1
dry density

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
10% 12% 14% 16%
water content %

8%

Conclusion:

The following conclusions are derived from the experimental studies.

1. Cement stabilization was proposed to improve soil properties and it requires addition of
pozzolanic materials to avoid collapsibility of soils on saturation and also to increase the
tensile strength and to change the soils from brittle to ductile, fiber is also added to red soil
along with cement and Fly ash.
2. In the present work, an attempt has been made to study the compaction tests were
conducted with varying percentages of Portland Pozzolana Cement, fly ash and Plastic
Recron-3S fibers blending in red soil with different percentages with a view to determine the
optimum percentage and also the effect on geotechnical properties.
3. Attainment of higher strengths with addition of fibre and fly ash is due to interaction
between soil cement particles, fly ash and fibre. In a given soil-cement-fibre-fly ash mix,
fibre acts as a reinforcing material which is responsible for attainment of maximum strengths.
Hence at a given soil-cement-fibre-fly ash matrix at compacted condition increases the
orientation of particles more towards flocculation than the soil cement matrix at the same
compacted condition

20

RED SOIL STABILIZATION.

Reference:
1. Kantheti NVK Hanuma, Prasad DSV. A Study on Stabilization of Black cotton soil and
Red soil by using Heat Treatment Method, Int Res J Eng Tech (IRJET). 2017; 04(06): 779–
782p. 2. Rakesh, Sukhmanjit, A Review Study on the Soil Stabilization with Cement and
Lime, Int J Latest Res Eng Comput (IJLREC). 2017; 5(3): 33–37p.
3. Priyanka M Shaka, Surekha M Shaka, Laboratory investigation on Black cotton soils and
Red soil stabilized using Enzyme, Int Res J Eng Tech. 2016; 03(06): 325–330p.
4. Deepakraja TG, Charumol, A Study on Soil Stabilization using Cement and Coir Fibres,
Int J Sci Res. 2017; 6(2): 1285– 1289p.
5. Kalantari, Prasad A, Huat BBK. Use of Cement, Poly-Propylene Fibre and Optimum
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RED SOIL STABILIZATION

Moisture Content Values to Strengthen Peat, Int J Phys Sci. 2012; 7(8): 1276–1285p.
6. Manjunath KV, Bipin Kuma, Kuldeep Kumar, et al. Stabilization of Red Soil Using
Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Proceedings of International Conference on
Advances in Architecture and Civil Engineering (AARCV 2012), 21st–23rd June 2012, 1:
391–395p.
7. Behzad Kalantari presented in there paper entitled “Laboratory Investigation on the Effect
of Polypropylene Fibers on the CBR of Stabilized Wind-Blow Sand” (2011)
8. Shah Kinjala, A.K. Desaib and C.H. Solankic presented in their paper entitled
“Experimental Study on The Atterberg Limit’s of Expansive Soil Reinforced with Polyester
Triangular Fibers” published in “International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications” of Engineering Research and Applications” (IJERA) Vol. 2, Issue 4, June-July
2012, pp.636-639.
9. Rabindra Kumar Kar, Pradip Kumar Pradhan, Ashutosh Naik presented in there paper
entitled “Consolidation Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Cohesive Soil” (2012).
10. G.S. Ghataora and U.K. Ling presented in their paper entitled “Behaviour of Fibre-
Reinforced and Stabilized Clayey Soils Subjected to Cyclic Loading” published in “Studia
Geotechnical et Mechanical”, Vol. XXXII, No. 3, 2010.
11. Krishna R. Reddy address on “Engineering Properties of Soils Based on Laboratory
Testing”. (August 2002)
12. Gopal Ranjan, A.S.R.Rao, 1991 “Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics”

13. Strength and mechanical behavior of short polypropylene fiber reinforced and cement
stabilized clayey soil published by Chaosheng Tang Bin Shi Wei Gao Fengjun Chen Yi Cai.

14. Dr. K.R. ARORA, “Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering”, 2008.

15. B.C. PUNMIA, 2007, “Soil Mechanics and Foundation”, Laxmi Publications

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