PHẦN II: ĐỒNG NGHĨA - TRÁI NGHĨA

LESSON 21
I. Vocabulary
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa
loại
1 schedule n /ˈʃedʒuːl / thời khóa biểu
2 accumulate v /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt / tích lũy
3 mold v /məʊld / đúc
4 spirituality n /ˌspɪrɪtʃʊˈælɪti/ tính chất tinh thần
5 idolize v /ˈaɪdəlaɪz / thần tượng hóa
6 affection n /əˈfekʃən/ sự yêu mến
7 worship v /ˈwɜːʃɪp / thờ tự, tôn thờ
8 ideally adv /aɪˈdɪəli / một cách lí tưởng
9 preferably adv /ˈprefrəbli / tốt hơn là
10 immigrant n /ˈɪmɪɡrənt / dân nhập cư
11 intermarry v /ˌɪntəˈmæridʒ/ kết hôn với người khác tôn giáo, khác
chủng tộc
12 dweller n /ˈdwelər / cư dân
13 landlord n /ˈlændlɔːd/ chủ trọ
14 variance n /ˈveərɪəns / sự khác nhau
variation n /veərɪˈeɪʃən / sự thay đổi, sự biến đổi
variety n /vəˈraɪəti / sự đa dạng
15 assimilation n /əˌsɪməˈleɪʃən / sự đồng hóa
16 distinction n /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/ sự phân biệt
17 uniformity n /ˌjuːnɪˈfɔːmɪti / sự đều, tính chất giống nhau
18 patriotism n /ˈpætrɪətɪzəm / chủ nghĩa yêu nước
19 bravery n /ˈbreɪvəri / sự dũng cảm
20 justice n /ˈdʒʌstɪs / sự công bằng
21 heroism n /ˈherəʊɪzəm / chủ nghĩa anh hùng
22 coordinator n /kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪtər / người điều phối
23 indigenous a /ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs / bản xứ, bản địa
24 confront v /kənˈfrʌnt / giáp mặt với, đối diện với
25 minority n /maɪˈnɒrəti / thiểu số
majority n /məˈdʒɒrəti / đa số
26 dominate v /ˈdɒmɪneɪt / thống trị
27 subtle a /ˈsʌtəl / phảng phất huyền ảo
 28 medication n /ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃən / sự bốc thuốc
29 depression n /dɪˈpreʃən / sự suy sụp, sự chán nản
30 supplementary a /ˌsʌplɪˈmentri / bổ sung vào, thêm vào
31 down-market a /ˌdaʊn ˈmɑːkɪt / hạ lưu, rẻ tiền
32 tabloid n /ˈtæblɔɪd / báo khổ nhỏ, báo lá cải
33 globalization n /ˌɡlobələˈzeɪʃən / sự toàn cầu hóa
34 intimidating a /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪtɪŋ / kinh hãi, đáng sợ
35 fluid a /ˈfluːɪd / hay thay đổi
36 context- specific a /'kɒntekstpəˈsifik / trong văn cảnh cụ thể
37 obscurity n /əbˈskjʊərɪti / sự không có tên tuổi, ít người biết
đến, sự mờ nhạt
38 dimness n /ˈdɪmnis / sự mập mờ, không rõ
39 fuzziness n /ˈfʌzinəs/ sự mờ nhạt
40 division n /dɪˈvɪʒən / sự phân chia
41 exacerbate v /ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt / làm trầm trọng hơn, làm tồi tệ hơn
42 racism n /ˈreɪsɪzəm / sự phân biệt chủng tộc
43 multi- national a /.mʌlti'næʃənəl/ đa quốc gia
44 rejuvenate v /riːˈdʒuːvəneɪt / làm trẻ hóa

II. Structures
STT Cấu trúc - Cụm từ Nghĩa
1 stay on schedule kịp, bắt kịp
2 finish the backlog of = get through with xử lí hết
3 stick to kiên trì với
4 in jeopardy = at risk/at stake = in danger gặp nguy hiểm
5 in reality thực sự, thực tế
under control được kiểm soát
underpressure chịu áp lực
6 a gap year = a year out
(một chương trình trải nghiệm tại nước ngoài, thường kéo dài từ sáu tháng đến một năm và dành
cho mọi đối tượng từ 17 tuổi trở lên.)
7 at most tối đa
at all hoàn toàn
at least = as a minimum ít nhất
8 at once = immediately ngay lập tức
9 blue-collar worker lao động chân tay
 white-collar worker
lao động trí óc
10 use up = run out cạn kiệt
add to thêm vào
11 addict to = hook on = absorb in say mê, say sưa
12 close to the bone thiếu tế nhị, cợt nhã
13 implant st into st cấy cái gì vào
14 insert in chèn vào
remove from loại bỏ
replaced with thay thế
15 be on first-name terms with sb có mối quan hệ tốt với ai/ hòa thuận với ai
= have a good relationship with sb
= get on well with sb
= get along with sb
= be/keep on good terms with sb

III. Practice exercise 21

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 1: I have so much to do that I can't stay on schedule(kịp, bắt kịp) to complete my work.
A. carry on with B. put up with C. keep up with D. come up with
Question 2: She finally finished the backlog of (xử lí hết) emails that had accumulated over the vacation
period.
A. put up with B. go on with C. carried on with D. got through with
Question 3: Even though English is a hard language to master, you must keep trying (tiếp tục cố gắng)!
A. stand up to it B. face up to it C. stick to it D. talk back to it
Question 4: Teachers are in the business of molding (đúc, đầo tạo)) our youth into the citizens that will
eventually run this country.
A. fitting closely to the shape of B. influencing the way one develops
C. changing the appearance of someone D. transforming the state of spirituality
Question 5: Vernico comes to idolize (thần tượng hóa) his new teacher, who is also known as "el
maestro" as a sign of respect and affection.
A. hate B. impress C. worship D. detest
Question 6: Ideally (một cách lí tưởng), I'd like to work at home but there is no way my boss agrees with
that.
A. Generally B. Luckily C. Preferably D. Fortunately
Question 7: Many of the immigrants have intermarried with the island's original inhabitants.(cư dân)
A. foreigners B. landlord C. newcomer D. dwellers
Question 8: When it comes to diversity (đa dạng), language can be a bridge for building relationships,
or a tool for creating and maintaining divisions across differences.
A. assimilation B. distinction C. uniformity D. variance
Question 9: Local people believe that the festival is an opportunity to teach younger generations about
patriotism (chủ nghĩa yêu nước )and bravery.
A. heroism B. justice C. loyalty D. truth
Question 10: Steve Kootenay-Jobin, Aboriginal housing coordinator at Mount Royal University, notes
that many Indigenous students who move to the city for education, encounter (đối đầu với) culture
shock.
A. avoid B. confront C. overcome D. wipe out
Question 11: Changes in attitudes, family values, generational status can occur in both the majority and
minority cultures as the two interact; however, typically (điển hình) one culture dominates.
A. normally B. rarely C. specially D. uncommonly
Question 12: Komodo dragons are fierce (hung dữ)hunters and can eat very large preys.
A. sharp B. aggressive C. friendly D. cooperative
Question 13: A.I. techniques help medical doctors to discover subtle interactions between medications
that put patience in jeopardy (gặp nguy hiểm) because of their serious side effect.
A. at risk B. in reality C. under control D. under pressure
Question 14: Lucy has just finished her A levels and she has got a place at university, but she would
really like a break from the academic world. Therefore, she decides to take a gap year ((một chương trình
trải nghiệm tại nước ngoài, thường kéo dài từ sáu tháng đến một năm và dành cho mọi đối tượng từ 17
tuổi trở lên.) and travel around the world!
A. a year off B. a year out C. a year away D. a year's trip
Question 15: You ought to spend two hours as a minimum (ít nhất) in the fresh air every day.
A. at most B. at all C. at least D. at ease

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 16: During the Great Depression, many people suddenly found themselves jobless after a night.
A. unemployed B. redundant C. unoccupied D. supplementary
Question 17: The best hope of avoiding down-market tabloid TV future lies in the pressure currently
being put on the networks to clean up their act.
A. expensive B. famous C. poor quality D. uncreative
Question 18: If we continue to deplete our planets natural resources, we will damage the environment
significantly.
A. use up B. add to C. run out D. go over
Question 19: Teenagers can become addicted to social networking if they can't control they spend
online.
A. dependent on B. hooked on C. indifferent to D. exhausted by
Question 20: This is especially important in the age of globalization, where countries face a daunting
challenge to preserve their own cultural identities.
A. intimidating B. delighting C. encouraging D. urging
Question 21: The Indigenous experience, like with any form of belonging, is highly fluid and context-
specific, meaning there are countless examples of what such cultural pluralities can look like.
A. countable B. uncountable
C. too few to count D. too many be counted
Question 22: They fear that with the enactment event taken off, the festival may fade away in obscurity.
A. darkness B. dimness C. fuzziness D. sharpness
Question 23: Launched by the federations and foundations, Group's brands find local expression through
the promotion of social solidarity and culture.
A. division B. identity C. teamwork D. unity
Question 24: He said he was only joking, but his comments were so close to the bone.
A. annoying B. offensive C. personal D. respectful
Question 25: Kootenay-Jobin says the cultural integration experience can be exacerbated by challenges
such as racism and housing.
A. increased B. improved C. provoked D. worsen
Question 26: It is urgent that these governments work out a solution to the problem that they are all
facing.
A. keep secret B. find C. share D. arrive at
Question 27: Kurzweil believes that there could be tiny robots called nanobots implanted into our brains
to improve our memory.
A. inserted in B. fixed in C. removed from D. replaced with
Question 28: I've been working here for over ten years now and I'm on first-name terms with everyone,
even the CEO.
A. having a quarrel B. keeping on good terms
C. having an informal/friendly relationship D. losing in touch
Question 29: Jane used to be very excellent as a child and now she's the CEO of a big multi-national
company. However, her brother is a blue-collar worker in a small local factory.
A. mental B. low-paid C. manual D. regular
Question 30: Ponce de Leon searched in vain for a means of rejuvenating the aged.
A. making older B. making meriy again
C. making wealthy again D. making weary again