PHẦN II: ĐỒNG NGHĨA - TRÁI NGHĨA

LESSON 20
I. Vocabulary
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa
loại
1 pavement n /ˈpeɪvmənt / vỉa hè, lề đường
2 litter n /ˈlɪtər / rác vụn
3 evil n /ˈiːvəl / ác quỷ
4 declaration n /ˌdekləˈreɪʃən/ sự tuyên bố
5 proliferate v /prəˈlɪfəreɪt / sinh sôi nảy nở
6 drawback n /ˈdrɔːbæk / trở ngại
7 delicate a /ˈdelɪkət / mỏng manh, mảnh khảnh
8 unfamiliar a /ˌʌnfəˈmɪlɪər / không thân thuộc, xa lạ
9 association n /əˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃən / hiệp hội, sự liên kết
10 initially adv /ɪˈnɪʃəli / vào lúc đầu, ban đầu
11 logging n /ˈlɒɡɪŋ / sự đốn cây, đốn gỗ
12 contagious a /kənˈteɪdʒəs / lây, truyền nhiễm
13 immune a /ɪˈmjuːn / miễn dịch
14 sparingly adv /ˈspeərɪŋli / dè xẻn, không hoang phí
15 moderately adv /ˈmɒdərətli / vừa phải, phải chăng, vừa đủ
16 recklessly adv /ˈrekləsli / thiếu thận trọng, hấp tấp, liều lĩnh, táo
bạo
17 estimate v /ˈestɪmeɪt/ ước tính
underestimate v /ˌʌndəˈrestɪmeɪt / đánh giá thấp
overestimate v /ˌəʊvərˈestɪmeɪt / đánh giá cao
18 cram v /kræm / nhồi nhét, tống vào
19 reluctantly adv /rɪˈlʌktəntli / một cách miễn cưỡng
20 relics n /ˈrelɪks / di tích
21 architectural a /ˌɑːkɪˈtektʃrəl/ thuộc kiến trúc
22 neutral a /ˈnjuːtrəl / trung lập, trung tính
23 prosperity n /prɒˈsperɪti / sự thịnh vượng
24 inflation n /ɪnˈfleɪʃən / sự lạm phát
25 purity n /ˈpjʊərɪti / sự tinh khiết, trong sạch
26 innocence n /ˈɪnəsns / sự ngây thơ
27 immorality n /ˌɪməˈrælɪti / sự trái đạo đức
28 guiltlessness n /'giltləsnəs/ sự vô tội
 29 undesired a /ʌndi'zaiəd/ không được ưa thích
30 dynamic a /daɪˈnæmɪk / năng động
31 innovative a /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv / đổi mới
32 breathtaking a /ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/ hấp dẫn, ngoạn mục
33 awe-inspiring a /'ˈɔːɪn,spaɪrɪŋ/ kinh hoàng
34 heartbreaking a /ˈhɑːt,breɪkɪŋ / đau lòng
35 thriving a /ˈθraɪvɪŋ/ phát đạt
36 prosperous a /ˈprɒspərəs / thịnh vượng
37 breakthrough n /ˈbreɪkθruː/ buớc tiến, đột phá
38 description n /dɪˈskrɪpʃən / sự mô tả
39 consumption n /kənˈsʌmpʃən / sự tiêu thụ
40 malnutrition n /ˌmælnjuːˈtrɪʃən / sự thiếu dinh dưỡng
41 obesity n /əʊˈbiːsəti / bệnh béo phì
42 stretching n /ˈstretʃɪŋ/ sự kéo căng

II. Structures
STT Cấu trúc - Cụm từ Nghĩa
1 against the law phạm luật
2 make sense of hiểu
3 cram for an examination học gạo để thi
4 jump ship: bỏ một tổ chức hay một công ty để tham gia vào một tổ chức khác
5 get a feel for = begin to understand how to do st well: biết cách làm gì
6 rake in the green kiếm tiền một cách dễ dàng
III. Practice exercise 20
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 1: In Thailand, it's against the law (phạm luật )to litter on the pavement. If you are caught, you
can be fined up to $2000 Baht.
A. evil B. illegal C. immoral D. wrong
Question 2: The major shortcoming (thiếu xót) of ASEAN as an organization is the inability to go
through many declarations, agreements, and instruments that they have proliferated over the years.
A. advantage B. benefit C. drawback D. success
Question 3: It's often hard to find the right time to approach someone about a delicate (mỏng manh,
mảnh khảnh) issue, as well as being difficult to say the words you need to say.
A. sensitive B. significant C. unconscious D. unfamiliar
Question 4: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was established on 8 August 1967
in Bangkok, Thailand, with Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, joining hands
initially.( vào lúc đầu, ban đầu)
A. basically B. firstly C. lastly D. officially
Question 5: Land erosion is mainly caused by widespread deforestation.(phá r)
A. afforestation B. reforestation C. logging D. lawn mowing
Question 6: In the polluted environment, infectious (truyền nhiễm) diseases can be passed easily from
one person to another.
A. fatal B. safe C. contagious D. immune
Question 7: Because farmers had been informed about the bad effects of chemical fertilizers, they started
using them sparingly (dè xẻn, không hoang phí )on their farms.
A. carelessly B. moderately C. recklessly D. irresponsibly
Question 8: If the examiner can't make sense of (hiểu)what your essay is about, you'll get the low mark.
A. declare B. estimate C. communicate D. understand
Question 9: Some students only cram (nhồi nhét, tống vào )for tests when there is little time left, so their
results are not satisfactory.
A. prepare in a short period B. prepare in a long time
C. prepare well D. prepare badly
Question 10: He did his work reluctantly because he did not like the culture of this company.
A. slowly B. unwillingly C. inefficiently D. successfully
Question 11: Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their
habitats.
A. habit B. exercise C. action D. custom
Question 12: Aquatic (mt dưới nc) species' habitat has been seriously broken by dams and changes in
direction of water currents.
A. growing watery B. drinking water
C. happening in water D. relating to water
Question 13: My Son Sanctuary is a large complex of religious relics comprising more than 70
architectural works such as towers, temples, and tombs.
A. royal B. precious C. holy D. valuable
Question 14: If I take the pessimistic viewpoint, Tokyo won't be a safe place to live in.
A. negative B. optimistic C. optical D. neutral
Question 15: Whether you recently lost your job or are ready to jump ship (bỏ một tổ chức hay một
công ty để tham gia vào một tổ chức khác )from your current one, the chances of your getting a new
position through the want ads is next to nil.
A. leave an organization for another B. change from a form to another
C. convert from one system to another D. turn from this state to another
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 16: The country's continued prosperity (sự thịnh vượng) is dependent on the opportunities and
achievements of all its residents.
A. poverty B. inflation C. insecurity D. Wealth
Question 17: The color white symbolizes a lot of things, and one is that it represents purity (sự tinh
khiết, trong sạch) and innocence.
A. cleanness B. immorality C. honesty D. guiltlessness
Question 18: All countries are obliged to maintain stability and peace in the world, because instability
brings undesired (không được ưa thích) effects.
A. certain B. foreseen C. negative D. positive
Question 19: The 28th and 29th ASEAN Summits opened in Vientiane, Laos, late on Tuesday on the
theme of "Turning Vision into Reality for a dynamic (năng động )ASEAN Community".
A. energetic B. inactive C. innovative D. productive
Question 20: Farmers turned to (chuyển sang) bio-fertilizers after they had been told about the dangers
of chemical fertilizers.
A. trusted B. disbelieved C. counted on D. depended on
Question 21: My application for the scholarship has been turned down because the transcript of marks is
not satisfactory enough.
A. cancelled B. postponed C. accepted D. rejected
Question 22: Ha Long Bay has attracted millions of visitors who come to enjoy its breathtaking (hấp
dẫn, ngoạn mục) views and experience other activities.
A. forgettable B. heartbreaking C. awe-inspiring D. unforgettable
Question 23: The major stone sections of the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty remain intact thanks to the
unique construction techniques.
A. special B. common C. excellent D. ancient
Question 24: Today Islamabad is a thriving city of about 1 million people. It offers a healthy climate, a
pollution-free atmosphere, plenty of water, and many green spaces.
A. healthy B. prosperous C. modern D. impoverished
Question 25: Scientists hope that this new drug will be a major breakthrough in the fight against AIDS.
A. stagnation B. important therapy
C. sudden remedy D. dramatic development
Question 26: One of the best ways to understand what a job is like, is to do it. Work experience is a great
way to get a feel for what a job is all about.
A. to have an understanding about B. to touch with one's own hands
C. to have the faintest idea about D. to do something on purpose
Question 27: At the start of the course you will get a course overview explaining exactly what is
expected of you.
A. a general review B. all the details
C. a short description D. a brief summary
Question 28: Too much fast food consumption can increase the risk of obesity and heart disease.
A. being underweight B. being overweight C. malnutrition D. fitness
Question 29: You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga
practice.
A. remaining B. declining C. developing D. shrinking
Question 30: It can be easy for a part-time working student to fall into the trap of working all the hours
he can, often to the detriment of his degree, because he gets so used to raking in the green.
A. earning a fortune overnight B. earning enough for living
C. earning money in a difficult way D. earn too much money