MVPS’s

RAJARSHI SHAHU MAHARAJ POLYTECHNIC,

NASHIK

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021

Electronics Measurements & Instrumentation

(22333)

MICRO-PROJECT
ON

“Connection Of Ammeter And Voltmeter In Electrical Circuit.”

SUBMITTED BY

Roll No. ENROLLMENT NO EXAM SEAT NO STUDENT NAME

09 1910020286 240881 Chandole Ajinkya Madhukar.
10 1910020289 240882 Deshmukh Kartik Nitin.
13 1910020291 240884 Jadhav Prathamesh Shrikant.

MVPS’s Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic, Nashik-13

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION

Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. Jadhav Prathamesh Shrikant .
Roll No. 12 of Second semester of diploma in E & TC Engineering of
Institute MVPS’s Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic,Nasik (Code:
1002) has successfully completed micro-project in Electronics
Measurements & Instrumentation (22333) for academic year 2020-2021
as prescribed in curriculum of MSBTE, Mumbai.

Place:- Nashik Enrollment no:- 1910020291

Date:- Exam seat no:- 240884

Ms. P.G .Deshmukh Mr. S.N. Shelke Dr. D.B. Uphade

Course Teacher/Guide H.O.D Principal

Seal of
institute

MVPS’s Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic, Nashik-13

 INDEX

Sr. No. Topic Page No.

01 Introduction 01
02 Circuit Diagram 02
03 Working 03
04 Circuit Analysis
 Photo 04
 Simulation 05
 Observation 06
05 Conclusion 07
06 Future Scope 08
07 References 09

MVPS’s Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic, Nashik-13

 INTRODUCTION

Ammeter:-
As we know a word “meter” is associated with the measurement system. Meter
is an instrument which can measure a particular quantity. As we know, the unit of current
is Ampere. Ammeter means Ampere-meter which measures ampere value. Ampere is the
unit of current so an ammeter is a meter or an instrument which measures current.

Depending on the constructing principle, there are many types of ammeter we get, they
are mainly –

1. Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) ammeter.

2. Moving Iron (MI) Ammeter.
3. Electrodynamometer type Ammeter.
4. Rectifier type Ammeter.

Voltmeter:-
Voltmeter is a voltage meter which measures the voltage between the two
nodes. We know the unit of potential difference is volts. So it is a measuring instrument
which measures the potential difference between the two points.

According to the construction principle, we have different types of voltmeters, they are
mainly –
1. Permanent Magnet Moving coil (PMMC) Voltmeter.
2. Moving Iron (MI) Voltmeter.
3. Electro Dynamometer Type Voltmeter.
4. Rectifier Type Voltmeter
5. Induction Type Voltmeter.
6. Electrostatic Type Voltmeter.
7. Digital Voltmeter (DVM).

MVPS’s Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic, Nashik-13

 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Connection of Ammeter

Connection of Voltmeter

MVPS’s Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic, Nashik-13

 WORKING

Working Principle of Ammeter

The main principle of ammeter is that it must have a very low resistance and
also inductive reactance. Now, why do we need this? Can‟t we connect an ammeter in
parallel? The answer to this question is that it has very low impedance because it must
have very low amount of voltage drop across it and must be connected in series
connection because current is same in the series circuit.
Also due to very low impedance the power loss will be low and if it is connected
in parallel it becomes almost a short circuited path and all the current will flow through
ammeter as a result of high current the instrument may burn. So due to this reason it must
be connected in series. For an ideal ammeter, it must have zero impedance so that it has
zero voltage drops across it so the power loss in the instrument is zero. But the ideal is
not achievable practically.

Working Principle of Voltmeter

The main principle of voltmeter is that it must be connected in parallel in which

we want to measure the voltage. Parallel connection is used because a voltmeter is
constructed in such a way that it has a very high value of resistance. So if that high
resistance is connected in series than the current flow will be almost zero which means
the circuit has become open.
If it is connected in parallel, than the load impedance comes parallel with the
high resistance of the voltmeter and hence the combination will give almost the same the
impedance that the load had. Also in parallel circuit we know that the voltage is same so
the voltage between the voltmeter and the load is almost same and hence voltmeter
measures the voltage.
For an ideal voltmeter, we have the resistance is to be infinity and hence the current
drawn to be zero so there will be no power loss in the instrument. But this is not
achievable practically as we cannot have a material which has infinite resistance.

MVPS’s Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic, Nashik-13

 CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Photo:-

Ammeter

Voltmeter

MVPS’s Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic, Nashik-13

  Simulation:-

Ammeter

Voltmeter

MVPS’s Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic, Nashik-13

  Observation:-

Voltmeter
Input Voltage (Volts) Output Voltage (Volts)
9v 9v

Ammeter
V:- 9V
R:- 4 ohm
I = V/R
= 9/4
= 2.25Amp.

Current Measured on Ammeter is 2.24Amp.

MVPS’s Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic, Nashik-13

 CONCLUSION

Thus we have studied detail information about Voltmeter and Ammeter. Also
we practiced how to connect voltmeter in parallel with load and ammeter in series with
load in circuit.

MVPS’s Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic, Nashik-13

 FUTURE SCOPE

Ammeter

In much the same way as the analogue ammeter formed the basis for a wide
variety of derived meters, including voltmeters, the basic mechanism for a digital meter is
a digital voltmeter mechanism, and other types of meter are built around this.

Digital ammeter designs use a shunt resistor to produce a calibrated voltage

proportional to the current flowing. This voltage is then measured by a digital voltmeter,
through use of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC); the digital display is calibrated to
display the current through the shunt. Such instruments are often calibrated to indicate the
RMS value for a sine wave only, but many designs will indicate true RMS within
limitations of the wave crest factor.

Voltmeter

A digital voltmeter (DVM) measures an unknown input voltage by converting

the voltage to a digital value and then displays the voltage in numeric form. DVMs are
usually designed around a special type of analog-to-digital converter called an integrating
converter.

DVM measurement accuracy is affected by many factors, including

temperature, input impedance, and DVM power supply voltage variations. Less
expensive DVMs often have input resistance on the order of 10 MΩ. Precision DVMs
can have input resistances of 1 GΩ or higher for the lower voltage ranges (e.g. less than
20 V). To ensure that a DVM's accuracy is within the manufacturer's specified tolerances,
it must be periodically calibrated against a voltage standard such as the Weston cell.

MVPS’s Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic, Nashik-13

 REFERENCES

 WWW.Google.com.

 Wikipedia.

 A Laboratory Manual Of Electronics Measurements & Instrumentation

(22333).

 „Electronics Measurements & Instrumentation (22333)‟ SYEJ I Scheme

Tech-Max Publication Book.

 Ms. P. G. Deshmukh.

MVPS’s Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj Polytechnic, Nashik-13