Alternating Current

7.
ALTERNATING CURRENT
SYNOPSIS
 If the direction of the current changes alternately, the current is called an alternating current.
2  i 2dt i 2m
 i  i m sin  t    ; rms
i   (For long time)
 dt 2
idt
iavg    0 ; (For one time period)
 dt
2i
 m ; (Half time period)

 Resistor across AC source
 ~ R
AC voltage applied to a resistor

(i)   m sin t

(ii) i  m sin t  im sin t
R
(iii) current and voltage are in same phase
m sin t1

i
V
I
t1
0 t 1  2 t
im sin t1
(a) (b)
Phasor Diagram Graph of & i versus t
(iv) Instantaneous power  i 2 R  im2 R sin 2 t
(v) average power p  im2 R

1
2

im
(vi) i rms   0.707 im
2
I
im
I
0  t
2
i m
COLLEGES: ANDHERI / BORIVALI / CHEMBUR / DADAR / KALYAN / KHARGHAR / NERUL / POWAI / THANE # 145
 Inductor across AC Source
L
 ~
An AC source connected to an inductor
di
(i)   L 0
dt
  m sin t
m  
(ii) i   cos t  im sin  t  
L  2
L is analogous to resistance and called inductance reactance  XL 
XL  L

 im  m
XL
(iii) current lags the voltage by  / 2 .

i
V
m sin t1
t1  t1 t
 2
I
im sin  t1   / 2 
(a) (b)
Phasor Diagram Graph of & i versus t
im m
(iv) Instantaneous power  p L    sin 2t
2
(v) average power supplied to an inductor over one complete cycle is zero
 A capacitor across AC source

A B
 ~ C
An AC source connected to a capacitor

q
(i) m sin t 
C
(ii) i   C m cos t
 im sin  t   / 2 
m
im 
XC
1
Capacitive reactance  X C  
C
(iii) current is  /2 ahead of voltage
v
V i
vm sin t1
I
i m sin  t1   / 2  t 1
0 t 1  2 t
A phasor diagram Graph of v and I versus t .

i 
(iv) Instantaneous power  p c   m m sin  2t 
2
(v) average power  0
 LCR across AC circuit

R
 ~ C
L
A Series LCR circuit connected to an AC source
(i)   m sin t
(ii) i  imsin  t  
m
where im 
R 2   XC  XL 
2
Impedence  Z   R 2   X C  X L 
2
Z XC  XL

R
Impedence Diagram
(iii) average power  p   VIcos 
cos  is called power factor.
X  XL
Where ,   tan 1 C
R
 
V
i
I

t1
0 t 1  2 t
(a) (b)
A phasor diagram Graph of v and I versus t for a series LCR circuit where X C  XL
 Resonance
 m
im  m 
2 R 2   X L  XC 
2
 
For particular frequency 0 , XC  XL , impedence is min Z  R 2  0  R . This frequency is called
resonant frequency
XC  X L
1
or  0 L
0 C
1
0 
LC
L 1
(i) Quality factor  Q   0 
R 0 CR
 LC oscillation
A circuit containing an inductor L and a capacitor C (initially charged) with no ac source and resistor
exhibit free oscillation
i
 a
 
C
 b
d 2q 1
 q0
dt 2 LC
The energy in the system oscillates between the capacitor and the inductor but their sum is constant
with time.
 Transformer
N 
(i) VS   S  VP
 NP 
VS  voltage across secondary coil
NS  no. of turns of secondary coil
VP  Voltage across primary coil
N P  No. of turns of primary coil
N 
(ii) IS   P  I P
 NS 
(iii) Step-up transformer
NS  NP
then VS  VP (Stepped up)
(iv) Step-down transformer
NP  NS
then VP  VS  stepped down 
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex- 1: A 100  electric iron is connected to a 200V, 50 Hz a.c. supply. Find (a) rms value of voltage,
(b) peak value of voltage, (c) rms value of current and (d) peak value of current.
Sol: If an alternating supply is given to be 200V, 50Hz, it implies that rms value of voltage is 200V and
the frequency of 50 Hz.
(a) Vrms  200V
(b) V0  2Vrms  2  200  282.V
V 200
(c) I rms  rms   2A
R 100
V 282.8
(d) I 0  0   2.828  2.83A
R 100
Ex 2. A coil of inductance 0.5 H and a resistor of resistance 100 are connected in series to a 240V, 50
Hz supply.
(a) Find the maximum current in the circuit
(b) What is the time lag between voltage maximum and current maximum?
Sol: Given Vrms  240V,   2v  2 50  100 rads1 , L  0.5H and R  100 
V  V0 sin t
I  I0 sin  t   ;
V0
I0  1/2 ,
 R 2  2L2 
(a) V0  2 Vrms  2  240V
2  240
 I0 1/2
 1.82 A
100 2  100 0.5 2 
 
 
(b) V is maximum when sin t  1  t1   t1 
2 2
  
I is maximum when sin  t     1  t 2     t 2  
2 2 
 Time lag between voltage maximum and current maximum is
    
t  t 1  t 2    
2  2   
L 100  0.5
Now tan     1.57
R 100
57.5  
   57.5  rad
180
Ex-3 A series LCR circuit with L  5H C  80 F and R  40 is connected to a variable frequency 230 V
a.c source
(a) What is the source frequency which drives the circuit at resonance?
(b) What is the impedance of the circuit at resonance?
(c) Find peak value of the current at resonance.
(d) Find the rms potential differences across L,C and R at resonance.
(e) What is the total potential difference across the combination of L and C at resonance
(f) Find the maximum power transferred to the circuit from the source in one complete cycle
1 1
Sol: (a) r    50 rad s 1
6
LC 5  80  10
r 50
 vr    7.96Hz
2 2
1/2
 2  1  
2
(b) Z   R   L   
  C  
 1 
R  L  at resonance 
 C 
 40
V 2  230
(c) I 0  0   8.1A
Z 40
(d)  VL rms  Irms  XL  Irms r L
230
  50  5  1437.5V
40
1
 VC rms  I rms  X C  Irms 
r C
230 1
   1437.5V
40 80 106  50
230
 VR rms  I rms  R   40  230V
40
 1 
(e)  VL,C  rms  I rms   r L  
 r C 
 1437.5  1437.5  0
(f) Pmax  Vrms  Irms  cos 
 Vrms  Irms    0at resonance 
V 2
230  230
 
rms
 1322.5W
R 40
Ex 4. When an alternating voltage of 220 V is applied across a device A, a current of 0.5 A flows through
the circuit and it is in phase with the applied voltage. When the same voltage is applied across a
device B, again the same current flows in the circuit but it leads the voltage by  / 2 . (a) Name
devices A and B. (b) Compute the current when the same voltage is applied across a series
combination of A and B.
Sol: (a) Device A is a resistor and B is a capacitor
(b) Given Vrms  220V, Irms  0.5A
V 220
Resistance of A is R  rms   440 
I rms 0.5
V 220
Reactance of B is X C  rms   440 
I rms 0.5
Impedance when A and B are connected in series is
 440    440 
2 2
Z  R 2  X C2   622.3
Vrms 220
 I rms    0.35 A
Z 622.3
Ex 5. For a resistance R and capacitance C in series, the impedance is twice that of a parallel combination
of the same elements. What is the frequency of applied e.m.f.
Sol.
iR R
R C i
iC C
 
(a) (b)
For series combination,
Zs   R 2  1/ C  
2
………. (1)
 
For parallel combination iR   V / R  sin  t
 V   
and iC    sin   t  
 XC   2
V  V 
 i  i R  i C    sin  t    cos  t
R  XC 
Comparing it with i  i0 sin   t   , we get
V V
i 0 cos   and i 0 sin  
R XC
1/2
 V  2  V  2  V
 i 0        
 R   X C   Zp
1/ 2
1  1  1 
or   
Zp  R 2  X C 2  
R
or Zp  ……….. (2)
1  2 C2 R 2 
Now, given that Zs  2 Zp or Zs 2  4 Zp 2
 R 2 2 C2  1   R2 
    4  2 
  C 1  C R 
2 2 2 2

R 2 C 2  1  4 2 C2 R 2
2
or 2
or R 2 2 C2  1  2  CR
1
 R  C  1
2
0 or 
RC
1
 f
2R C
Ex 6. A 20 volt 5 watt lamp is used on A.C. mains of 220 volt 50 c.p.s. Calculate the (i) capacitor, (ii)
inductor, to be put in series to run the lamp. (iii) how much pure resistance should be included in
place of the above device so that the lamp can run on its voltage. (iv) Which of the above
arrangements will be more economical and why?
Sol. The current required by the lamp

Power 5
i   0.25amp .
Voltage 20
The resistance of the lamp
voltage 20
R   80 ohm
current 0.25
So for proper running of the lamp, the current through the lamp should be 0.25 amp.
(i) When the condenser C is placed in series with lamp, then
  1  
2
Z  R  2
 
   C  
The current through the circuit
200
i  0.25
 R 2  1 /  C  2 
 
200
or
 1 
80 
2
 2 2 
 4   50  C 
2
Solving it for C, we get

C  4.0  10h  6F  4.0  F
(ii) When inductor L henry is placed in series with the lamp, then
Z  R 2    L  
2
 
The current through the circuit
200
i  0.25
 R 2    L 2 
 
200
or  0.25
 80    4 2  502  L2  
2
 
Solving it for L, we get L  2.53 henry
(iii) When resistance r ohm is placed in series with lamp of resistance R, then
200 200
 0.25 or  0.25
Rr 80  r
(iv) It will be more economical to use inductance or capacitance in series with the lamp to run it as it
consumes no power while there would be dissipation of power when resistance is inserted in series
with the lamp.
Ex 7: A box P and a coil Q are connected in series with an A.C. source of variable frequency, The e.m.f. of
source is maximum at 10 V. Box P contains a capacitance of 1 F in series with a resistance of 32  .
Coil Q has a self inductance 4.9mH and a resistance of 68  . The frequency is adjusted so that the
maximum current flows in P and Q. Find the impedance of P and Q at this frequency. Also find the
voltage across P and Q respectively.
Sol.
P Q
1F 32  4.9 mH 68

The current flowing in the L-C-R A.C. circuit is given by
E0
i0 
 2  1  
2
 R   L   
  C  

The current is maximum, when
1 1 1
 L  or 2  or 
C LC LC
1 105
   rad/sec.
 4.9  10h  3 10 6  
1/2
7
 
Now the current flowing in the circuit is given by
V 10 1
i max     0.1A
R1  R 2  32  68  10
The impedance of P is given by
 2  1 2 
Zp   R  X c    R1  
1
2 2
 
   C  
1/ 2
  7 1  
2
  32    5  6  
2
  10 10  
1/2
  32    70  
2 2
 
 1024  4900    5024   75 
1/ 2 1/ 2
The impedance of Q is given by

ZQ   R 2 2  2 L2  
1/2
  105
2

3 
  68   
2
 4.9  10  
  7  
1/2
  68    70     9524  98 
2 2 1/2
 
Voltage across P  VP  i ZP  0.1 76  7.6V
Voltage across Q  i ZQ  0.1 98  9.8 V
EXERCISE
ALTERNATING SIGNAL
1. In an ac circuit, the current is given by i  4 sin 100t  300  ampere. The current becomes maximum
first time (after t  0 ) at t equal to-
(1) (1/200) sec (2) (1/300) sec (3) (1/50) sec (4) None of above
2. In A.C. circuit the average value per cycle of e.m.f. or current is-
(1) peak value/ 2 (2) 0 (3) peak value (4) None of above
3. The r.m.s. value of potential due to superposition of given two alternating potentials E1  E0 sin t
and E 2  E 0 cos t will be-
(1) E0 (2) 2E0 (3) E0 2 (4) 0
4. The average value or alternating current for half cycle in terms of I 0 is-
2I I I
(1) 0 (2) 0 (3) 0 (4) 0
  2
5. RMS value of ac i  i1 cos t  i 2 sin t will be-
1 1 2
 i1  i2  1
  1 2
 i1  i 2 2 
1/ 2
(2)  i1  i 2 
1/ 2
(1) (3) i1  i 2 2 (4)
2 2 2 2
AC-CIRCUIT
6. The phase difference between the alternating current and voltage represented by the following
equation I  I0 sin t, E  E0 cos  t   / 3 , will be-
 4  5
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 2 6
7. In an L-C-R series circuit R  10 , XL  8 and XC  6 the total impendence of the circuit is-
(1) 10.2 (2) 17.2 (3) 10 (4) None of the above
8. In the given figure, the potential difference is shown on R, L and C. The e.m.f. of source in volt is-
30V 60V 100V
R L C


(1) 190 (2) 70 (3) 50 (4) 40
9. The power factor of the following circuit will be-

X C  40
200V
 R  40
50Hz
X L  100 
r  40 
(1) 0.2 (2) 0.4 (3) 0.6 (4) 0.8
10. Alternating current lead the applied e.m.f. by  / 2 when the circuit consists of-
(1) only resistance (2) only capacitor
(3) only an inductance coil (4) capacitor and resistance both
11. A coil has reactance of 100 when frequency is 50Hz. If the frequency becomes 150Hz, then the
reactance will be-
(1) 100 (2) 300  (3) 450  (4) 600
12. In an A.C. circuit XL  300, XC  200 and R  100 the impedance of circuit is-
(1) 600 (2) 200  (3) 141 (4) None of the above
13. A coil resistance R and inductance L is connected to a cell of emf E volt. The current flowing
through the coil will be-
E EL
(1)E/R (2) E/L (3) (4)
L R
2 2
L  R2
2
14. In a series LCR circuit L  1H, C  6.25 F and R  1ohm . Its quality factor is-
(1) 400 (2) 200 (3) 125 (4) 25
15. An alternating emf 100 cos 100t volt is connected in series to a resistance of 10  and a coil of
reactance 10  . Find the phase difference between the current in the circuit and the emf-
 
(1) (2) zero (3)  (4)
4 2
16. An alternating voltage is connected in series with a resistance R and an inductance L. If the potential
drop across the resistance is 200 volt and across the inductance is 150 volt, the applied voltage is-
(1) 350 volt (2) 250 volt (3) 500 volt (4) 300 volt
17. In an AC circuit, the current lags behind the voltage by  / 3 . The components of the circuit are-
(1) R and L (2) L and C (3) R and C (4) only R
RESONANCE
18. The electric resonance is sharp in L-C-R circuit if in the circuit-
(1) R is greater (2) R is smaller (3) R  XL or X C (4) Does not depends on R
19. In an LCR. Series circuit the reasonant frequency can be decreased by-
(1) Decreasing the value of C (2) Decreasing the value of L
(3) Decreasing both the value of L and C (4) Increasing the value of C
POWER
20. In an ac circuit emf and current are E  5 cos t volt and i  5sin t ampere respectively. The
average power dissipated in this circuit will be-
(1) 10 W (2) 2.5 W (3) 5 W (4) Zero
21. In an L-C-R series circuit the loss of power is in-

(1) Only R (2) Only L (3) Only C (4) both L and C
 
22. In an A.C. circuit, i  5sin  100t   ampere and V  200sin 100t  volt. The power loss in the
 2
circuit will be-
(1) 20 volt (2) 40 volt (3) 1000 watt (4) 0 watt
23. A generator of 100 V (rms) is connected to an ac circuit and 1 A (rms) current is flowing in the
circuit. If the phase difference between the voltage and the current is  / 3 .Then the average power
consumption and the power factor of the circuit will be-
(1) 50 W, 0.86 (2) 100 W, 0.86 (3) 100 W, 0.5 (4) 50 W, 0.5
BULB & AC-METER

24. Two bulbs of 500 watt and 300 watt work on 200 volt r.m.s. the ratio of their resistance will be-
(1) 25 : 9 (2) 3 : 5 (3) 9 : 25 (4) 5 : 9
25. Three bulbs of 40, 60 and 100 watt are connected in series with the source of 200 volt. Then which
of the bulb will be glowing the most-
(1) 100 watt (2) 60 watt (3) 40 watt (4) All are glowing equally
26. The A.C. meters are based on the principle of-

(1) Heating effect (2) magnetic effect (3) Chemical effect (4) Electromagnetic effect
WINDOW TO JEE MAIN
1. The power factor an AC circuit having resistance R and inductance L (connected in series) and an
angular velocity  is [AIEEE 2002]
R R L R
(1) (2) (3) (4)
   
1/2 1/2
L R  L
2 2 2 R R  2 L2
2
2. Alternating current can not be measured by DC ammeter because [AIEEE 2004]

(1) AC cannot pass through DC ammeter
(2) AC changes direction
(3) average value of current for complete cycle is zero
(4) DC ammeter will get damaged
3. In an LCR series AC circuit, the voltage across each of the components. L,C and R is 50 V. The
voltage across the LC combination will be [AIEEE 2004]
(1) 50 V (2) 50 2V (3) 100 V (4) zero
4. In an LCR circuit, capacitance is changed from C to 2C. For the resonant frequency to remain
unchanged, the inductance should be changed from L to [AIEEE 2004]
(1) 4L (2) 2L (3) L/2 (4) L/4
5. The self-inductance of the motor of an electric fan is 10H . In order to impart maximum power at 50
Hz, its should be connected to a capacitance of [AIEEE 2005]
(1) 4F (2) 8F (3) 1F (4) 2F
6. A circuit has a resistance of 12 and an impedance of 15 . The power factor of the circuit will be
[AIEEE 2005]
(1) 0.8 (2) 0.4 (3) 1.25 (4) 0.125
7. The phase difference between the alternating current and emf is  / 2 . Which of the following cannot
be the constituent of the circuit? [AIEEE 2005]
(1) C alone (2) R,L (3) L,C (4) L alone
8. In an AC generator, a coil with N turns, all of the same area A and total resistance R, rotates with
frequency  in a magnetic field B. The maximum value of emf generated in the coil is
[AIEEE 2006]
(1) N A B R  (2) N A B (3) N A B R (4) N A B 
9. In a series resonant LCR circuit, the voltage across R is 100 V and R  1k with C  2F . The
resonant frequency  is 200 rad / s . At resonance the voltage across L is [AIEEE 2006]
2 3
(1) 2.5  10 V (2) 40V (3) 250 V (4) 4  10 V
10. In an AC circuit the voltage applied is E  E0 sin t . The resulting current in the circuit is
 
I  I0 sin  t   . The power consumption in the circuit is given by [AIEEE 2007]
 2
EI EI
(1) P  0 0 (2) P  Zero (3) P  0 0 (4) P  2 E0 I0
2 2
11. In a series L-C-R circuit R  200 and the voltage and the frequency of the main supply is 220 V
and 50Hz . On taking out the capacitance from the circuit the current lags behind the voltage by 30  .
On taking out the inductor from the circuit the current leads the voltage by 30  . The power
dissipated in the L-C-R circuit is [AIEEE 2010]
(1) 305 W (2) 210 W (3) zero (4) 242 W
12. A fully charged capacitor C with initial charge q 0 is connected to a coil of self inductance L at t  0 .
The time at which the energy is stored equally between the electric and the magnetic field is

(1) LC (2) 2 LC (3) LC (4)  LC [JEE Main 2011]
4
13. A resistor R and 2 F capacitor in series is connected through a switch to 200 V direct supply. Across
the capacitor is a neon bulb that lights up at 120V. Calculate the value of R to make the bulb light up
5 s after the switch has been closed  log10 2.5  0.4  [JEE Main 2011]
(1) 1.7  105  (2) 2.7 106  (3) 3.3 107  (4) 1.3 104 
14. The figure shows an experimental plot discharging of as capacitor in an R-C circuit. The time
constant  of this circuit lies between [JEE Main 2012]
25
Potential difference V
20
(in volt)
15
10
0
50 100 150 200 250 300
Time (in second)
(1) 150 s and 200s (2) 0 and 50 s (3) 50 s and 100 s (4) 100 s and 150 s
15. Two electric bulbs marked 25 W-220 V and 100 W-220 V are connected in aeries to a 440 V supply.
Which of the bulb will fuse? [JEE Main 2012]
(1) Both (2) 100 W (3) 25 W (4) Neither
16. The plot given below is of average power delivered to an L-R-C circuit versus frequency. The
quality factor of the circuit is [JEE Main Online 2013]
Average powere (microwatts)
1.0
1.5
0.0
3 4 5 6 7
Frequency(kHz)
(1) 5.0 (2) 2.0 (3) 2.5 (4) 0.4
V
17. An L-C-R circuit as shown in the figure is connected to a voltage
source VAC whose frequency can be varied. The frequency, at
24 H 2 F 15 
which the voltage across the resistor is maximum, is
[JEE Main Online 2013]
(1) 902 Hz
(3) 23 Hz
(2) 143 Hz
(4) 345 Hz

VAC  V0 sin t
18. In series L-C-R circuit, C  1011 F, L  106 H and R  100  , when a constant DC voltage E is
applied to the circuit, the capacitor acquires a charge 109 C. The DC source is replaced by a
sinusoidal voltage source in which the peak voltage E0 is equal to the constant DC voltage E. At
resonance peak value of the charge acquired by the capacitor will be [JEE Main Online 2013]
15 6 10 8
(1) 10 C (2) 10 C (3) 10 C (4) 10 C
19. In the circuit shown here, the voltage across L and C are respectively 300 V and 400 V. The voltage
E of the AC source is [JEE Main Online 2013]
L
~
E
(1) 400 V (2) 500 V (3) 100 V (4) 700 V
20. When resonance is produced in a series L-C-R circuit, then which of the following is not correct?
(1) Current in the circuit is in phase with the applied voltage [JEE Main Online 2013]
(2) Inductive and capacitive reactances are equal
(3) If R is reduced, the voltage across capacitor will increase
1
(4) Impedance of the circuit is maximum we know that, 0 
LC
21. The supply voltage to room is 120 V. The resistance of the lead wires is 6  . A 60 W bulb is already
switched ON. What is the decrease of voltage across the bulb, when a 240 W heater is switched ON
in parallel to the bulb? [JEE Main 2013]
(1) zero (2) 2.9 V (3) 13.3 V (4) 10.04 V
22. In a L-C-R circuit as shown below both switches are open initially.
V S1
Now switch S1 and S2 kept open.(q is charge on the capacitor an
  RC is capacitance time constant). Which of the following R
statement is correct? [JEE Main 2013] C
S2
(1) Work done by the battery is half energy dissipated the resistor
CV
(2) At t  , q  L
2
(3) At t  2, q  CV 1  e 2 

(4) At t  , q  CV 1  e 1 
2
23. When the rms voltages VL , VC and VR are measured respectively across the inductor L, the capacitor
C and the resistor R in a series LCR circuit connected to an AC source, it is found that the ratio
VL : VC : VR  1: 2 : 3 . If the rms voltage of the AC source is 100 V, then VR is close to :
[JEE MAIN ONLINE 2014]
(1) 50 V (2) 70 V (3) 90 V (4) 100 V
24. A sinusoidal voltage V(t) = 100 sin (500t) is applied across a pure inductance of L = 0.02 H. The
current through the coil is : [JEE MAIN ONLINE 2014]
(1) 10 cos (500t) (2) – 10 cos (500t) (3) 10 sin (500t) (4) –10 sin (500t)
25. For the LCR circuit, shown here, the current is observed to lead the
applied voltage. An additional capacitor C ' , when joined with the
capacitor C present in the circuit, makes the power factor of the circuit
unity. The capacitor C ' , must have been connected in:
1  2 LC
(1) Series with C and has a magnitude
2 L
C
(2) Series with C and has a magnitude
 2 LC  1
C
(3) Parallel with C and has a magnitude
 2 LC  1
1  2 LC
(4) Parallel with C and has a magnitude
2 L
26. A series LR circuit is connected to a voltage source with V  t   V0 sin t . After very large time,
 L
current I(t) behaves as  t 0   : [JEE MAIN ONLINE 2016]
 R
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
27. An arc lamp requires a direct current of 10 A at 80 V to function. If it is connected to a 220 V (rms),
50 Hz AC supply, the series inductor needed for it to work, is close to
(1) 0.08 H (2) 0.044 H (3) 0.065 H (4) 80 H
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE
1. (2) 2. (2) 3. (1) 4. (1) 5. (3)
6. (4) 7. (1) 8. (3) 9. (4) 10. (2)
11. (2) 12. (3) 13. (1) 14. (1) 15. (1)
16. (2) 17. (1) 18. (2) 19. (4) 20. (4)
21. (1) 22. (4) 23. (4) 24. (2) 25. (3)
26. (1)
WINDOW TO JEE MAIN
1. (2) 2. (3) 3. (4) 4. (3) 5. (3)
6. (1) 7. (3) 8. (4) 9. (3) 10. (2)
11. (4) 12. (1) 13. (2) 14. (4) 15. (3)
16. (4) 17. (3) 18. (4) 19. (3) 20. (4)
21. (4) 22. (3) 23. (3) 24. (2) 25. (4)
26. (2) 27. (3)

Alternating Current

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Alternating Current

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7.

 Resistor across AC source

AC voltage applied to a resistor

Phasor Diagram Graph of & i versus t

(iv) Instantaneous power  i 2 R  im2 R sin 2 t

(v) average power p  im2 R

An AC source connected to an inductor

 A capacitor across AC source

An AC source connected to a capacitor

(iii) current is  /2 ahead of voltage

A phasor diagram Graph of v and I versus t .

 LCR across AC circuit

Sol. The current required by the lamp

Solving it for C, we get

1F 32  4.9 mH 68

The impedance of Q is given by

9. The power factor of the following circuit will be-

(1) 0.2 (2) 0.4 (3) 0.6 (4) 0.8

21. In an L-C-R series circuit the loss of power is in-

BULB & AC-METER

26. The A.C. meters are based on the principle of-

2. Alternating current can not be measured by DC ammeter because [AIEEE 2004]

(1) 5.0 (2) 2.0 (3) 2.5 (4) 0.4

1. (2) 2. (2) 3. (1) 4. (1) 5. (3)

6. (4) 7. (1) 8. (3) 9. (4) 10. (2)

WINDOW TO JEE MAIN

1. (2) 2. (3) 3. (4) 4. (3) 5. (3)

6. (1) 7. (3) 8. (4) 9. (3) 10. (2)

26. (2) 27. (3)

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