LANGUAGE NON- VERBAL
The initial meeting when you speak during the
WHAT IS LANGUAGE?
● Linguists agree that a language is only a
language if it has a set of rules (also known as
grammar), a sound system (phonology), and a
vocabulary (lexicon). These are the criteria for
classifying a mode of communication as a
language.
LINGUISTIC ACQUISITION
People acquire the language used by those in the
t
community.
The process by which humans learn to perceive and
t examples of electronic communication symbols or
comprehend language, as well as to produce and use
words and sentences to communicate
FIRST LANGUAGE/ MOTHER TOUNGE
Languages acquired while growing
t
SECOND LANGUAGE
People later discover that other languages are
t
required for a variety of reasons, and they can learn
these languages formally in school or informally on their
own.
NEW FORM OF LANGUAGE
As you interact and communicate with others on a
regular basis, your own language may evolve. As a
result of language contact, language change occurs.
COMMUNICATION generally defined as the
exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts, and view
between or among two or more people, various
contexts come into play.
Communication term takes on different contexts
resulting in people having different views on
communication types
CONTEXT
● The circumstance or environment in which
communication takes place.
● Includes physical or actual setting, the value
positions of a speaker/listener and the relevance
or appropriateness of a message conveyed.
● Different context can impact one's
communication.
TYPE OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO MODE
VERBAL
● Effective communication necessitates the
combination of these two types.
● Effective if they know how to properly
punctuate what they say with appropriate
gestures and facial expressions. You were
taught in Senior High to use both verbal and
nonverbal modes of communication.
first few minutes is significant because it leaves a lasting
impression on your listeners. You express interest in
meeting these people by acknowledging their presence
with an amiable, congenial demeanor and a smile. It is
to use the nonverbal code, such as a handshake, an
approving facial expression, and a kind disposition or
character, rather than just speaking.
VISUAL COMMUNCATION
The mode of communication in which visuals
are used to convey information and/or messages Signs,
symbols, imagery, maps, graph charts, diagrams,
pictograms, photos, drawings or illustrations, and even
various forms of electronic communication are some
examples. Emojis, emoticons, and animation are some
images that can be used to convey the writer's
emotions or clarify the message recipient's intent.
These are accomplished using digital mode or text.
TYPE OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO CONTEXT
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Latin prefix intra- means within or inside.
Intrapersonal communication then means talking to
oneself.
Some call it self-talk, inner monologue, or inner
dialogue. It's also known as self-verbalization or self-
expression by psychologists.
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
In contrast to intra, the Latin prefix inter- means
"between," "among," or "together." Interpersonal
communication occurs because of an interactive
exchange. However, as it happens, a transaction does
not always occur because it can simply be a simple
interaction such as greetings, getting to know a person,
or ordinary conversations that occur between or among
interactants. This can happen in dyads or small groups
and is referred to as group communication.
A communication situation is interpersonal if it
is intended to establish or deepen one's relationship
with others. Whereas interpersonal conversations are
intended to maintain social relationships, transactional
conversations aim to accomplish something at the end
of the conversation. 
EXTENDED COMMUNICATION
Extended communication involves the use of
electronic media. Unlike before when it only called for
the use of television and radio, nowadays, the
description of extended communication may be
expanded as to include television, audio, or phone
conferencing; videoconferencing; Skype calls; and other
technological means. Since extended communication is
public in nature, speakers are expected to be prepared
when they speak, making their language more formal.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
 The emphasis is on the role of communication
in organizational contexts. Organizations are made up
of individuals who work for the company.
A communication system should be put in place
for an organization to be successful. A set of rules or
standards communication protocol should be
established to establish interaction patterns.
Individually, you should be equipped with the necessary
oral and written communication skills that the
organization expects of you.
2 TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL
FORMAL: Communication to take place via designated
channels of message flow between positions in the
organization
1. Downward Communication- The type that
flows from upper to lower positions, i.e.,
president to a manager or supervise a
manager to an ordinary staff.
2. Upward Communication- Flow of
communication top-down or from a superior
to a subordinate, usually asking certain
individuals to perform a certain task
3. Horizontal Communication- Involves the flow
of messages between individuals and groups
on the same level of an organization
4. Crosswise Communication- When information
flows between or among the persons at
different level who have no direct reporting
relationship with each other
INFORMAL- Informal communication, on the other
hand, stems from unofficial message channels.
Messages from various levels of the organization are
transmitted via the grapevine, which is also known as
the "grapevine." This is due to employee dissatisfaction
accompanied by uncertainty, such as superiors’
favoritism and unfavorable or unacceptable company
rules and regulations. Some employees resort to
unfounded gossip and rumors, which they spread like
wildfire. It is nearly impossible to trace the origins of a
rumor. 
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
Based on its history and development, an
organization develops its own core values, vision and
mission statements, goals, and objectives.
Organizational culture is of utmost significance since it
will dictate the kind of behavior that employees should
possess as well as the extent of commitment expected
from them by the organization. They all share in the
values, practices, vision, and mission of the
organization.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Communication between or among people
having different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and
profession backgrounds.
Similarly, linguistic differences are of the
essence. With the advent of World English's, different
cultures develop different lexicon peculiar only to the
speech community. In the Philippines a local variety of
English called Philippine English has been developed
which has introduced lexical innovation, not found a
used in other varieties, such as thrice, batch mates, CR
(comfort room), solons, barangay captain, and high
blood. Even in terms of pronunciation, words are
pronounced differently by Filipinos which, to some, are
considered erroneous. For instance, these supposedly
pronounced with a hard /th/ represented with a //
pronounced instead with a /d/ by the average Filipino
since hard /t is not part of the Filipino phonology.
COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO PURPOSE AND STYLE
Similarly, the types of communication in
relation to purpose and style are formal and informal.
However, the focus here is on the communication
setting and the mode of delivery.
Formal communication employs formal
language delivered orally or in written form. Lectures,
public talks/speeches, research and project proposals,
reports, and business letters, among others are all
considered formal situations and writings. To inform, to
entertain, and to persuade are the main objectives of
this type of communication.
Informal communication certainly does not
employ formal language. It involves personal and
ordinary conversations with friends, family members, or
acquaintances about anything under the sun. The mode
may be oral as in face-to-face, ordinary, or everyday
talks and phone calls, or written as in the case of e-mail
messages, personal notes, letters, or text messages. The
purpose is simply to socialize and enhance relationship.
COMMUNICATION MODEL
Aristotle emphasized that there are three
variables in the communication process: speaker,
speech, and audience as illustrated in the
communication flow below.
Note that the speaker variable here is very
important. Without the speaker, there will be no speech
to be produced. Depending on the profile of the
audience, the speaker adjusts his/her speech. Some
considerations for the audience demographics are age,
sex, background, culture, race, religion, gender, social
and economic status, and political orientation or
inclination, among others. Even beliefs, views, and
attitudes also play an important role when talking about
audience consideration since oftentimes, the audience
bring these with them when they decode a message.
 In 1948, Harold Dwight Laswell described
communication as being focused on the following Ws:
Who says What in Which channel to Whom and with
What effect as seen in the model below: The whole
process of communication begins with the
communicator (who) sending out a message (what)
using a medium (in which channel) for a receiver (to
whom) experiencing an effect (with what effect)
afterwards. The process may be analyzed through the
content sent, the medium used, as well as the effect on
the recipient of the message. While this model is like
Aristotle's in the sense that both are linear and have the
same components, Laswell's also differs in that there
are five variables involved, with the addition of two:
medium and effect.
Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver's
model of communication was introduced in 1949, a year
after Laswell's, for Bell Laboratories. Originally, it was
conceptualized for the functioning of the radio and
television serving as a model for technical
communication and, later on, adopted in the field of
communication. In this model, other components such
as noise, reception, destination, and feedback have
been identified. Other terms such as information source
for the sender, transmitter for the encoder, decoder
(reception), and receiver (destination) were introduced.
David Berlo's model conceptualized in 1960 is
probably the most well-known among the
communication models. Initially, Berlo's model was
called SMCR which stands for sender of the message,
sent through a channel or medium to a receiver.
However, it was modified later to include noise, hence
the acronym SMCRN.
the source being the originator of the message
acts as the encoder. As such, the encoder should
practice communication skills such as listening,
speaking, reading, and writing. His/hers attitude
towards the audience or the subject as well as his/her
knowledge about the topic on hand likewise counts
along with the social system that he/she is in which
includes values, beliefs and practices, and culture. The
second variable which is message includes (1) content;
(2) elements such as the language used, and gestures
employed; (3) treatment or how the message is
transmitted; and (4) structure which refers to the
arrangement of parts or flow of the message. The code
shows how the message is sent: that is, the language
(verbal code) used, and the accompanying gestures
(nonverbal code) employed. Note that there should be
no mismatch between the verbal and non-verbal codes.
the third variable which is channel refers to the
different senses: seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and
touching. Finally, the fourth variable is receiver, the one
who decodes the message. Note that the components
of this last variable are like those of the first since for
communication to be effective, both the source and the
receiver should have good communication skills.
GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Since communication is a two-way process, it is
important that you know the principles to be observed
to make it effective. For both oral and written
communication, you should be able to apply the
following principles:
1. Know your purpose in communicating. Are you!
communicating basically to inform, to
entertain, or to persuade? While you may have
more than one purpose, there is still a more
dominant objective or reason why you
communicate
2. Know your audience. In both speaking and
writing, you should know your audience as it
will dictate the speaking or writing style you are
going to employ. Consider the age, educational
background, profession, culture, and other
salient features of your listeners or readers
3. Know your topic. You communicate essentially
because you want to share something. In
speaking situations, speakers are invited
because they have something to share. This
also applies to writing. You write because you
wish that other people learn something from
you. You may then utilize several or multiple
communication techniques to easily catch the
attention of the audience.
4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of
the situation. The environment in which your
speech or writing is to be delivered determines
the kind of language you will use
5. Work on the feedback given you. Once you
receive comments from the listeners/readers,
work on them. Take kindly to criticisms. In the
long run, constructive criticisms will prove
beneficial to you as you learn to address them.
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION
1. Be clear with your purpose. You should know by
heart your objective in communicating.
2. Be complete with the message you deliver. Make
sure that your claims are supported by facts and
essential information.
3. Be concise. You do not to be verbose or wordy
with your statements. Brevity in speech is a must.
4. Be natural with your delivery. Punctuate
important words with the appropriate gestures and
movements. Exude a certain degree of confidence even
if you do not feel confident enough.
 5. Be specific and timely with your feedback. Inputs
are most helpful when provided on time.
PRINCIPLE OF EEFECTIVE WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
1. Be clear. Be clear about your message. Always be
guided by your purpose in communicating
2. Be concise. Always stick to the point and do not
beat or run around the bush. Be brief by focusing on
your main point.
3. Be concrete. Support your claims with enough
facts. Your readers will easily know if you are bluffing or
deceiving them because there is nothing to substantiate
your claims.
4. Be correct. It is important that you observe
grammatical correctness in your writing. Always have
time to revise and edit your work. Even simple spelling
errors may easily distract your readers.
S. Be coherent. Your writing becomes coherent only
when you convey a logical message. The ideas should be
connected to each other and related to the topic. Make
sure that you observe a sound structure that will
present a smooth flow of your ideas. Use transitional or
cohesive devices so that the ideas cohere with one
another.
6. Be complete. Include all necessary and relevant
information so that the audience will not be left
wanting of any information. Always place yourself in the
shoes of the audience, who is always interested to
receive new information.
7. Be courteous. The tone of your writing should be
friendly. Avoid any overtone/undertone or insinuation
to eliminate confusion and misinterpretation.
ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION
It emphasizes that morals influence the behavior of
an individual, group, or organization thereby affecting
their communication. It is important to note that one's
behavior should be regulated by honesty, decency,
truthfulness, sincerity, and moral uprightness.
1. Establish an effective value system that will pave
the way for the development of your integrity as a
person. One's behavior and decision-making style
affect, in turn, the operations of an organization.
2. Provide complete and accurate information.
Whether it is needed or not, the data you provide
should always be contextualized and correct.
3. Disclose vital information adequately and
appropriately. Never conceal or hide information that
are necessary for purposes of transparency.
CODE OF ETHICS
Observing a code of ethics is critical because it
determines what kind of behavior is proper and
desirable versus what is displeasing and offensive. A
code of ethics establishes the standards to be followed
by an individual or a company to create a positive
reputation image not only for the individual but also for
the organization. As a result, it will pave the way for the
achievement of the desired or positive results, leading
to the success of an individual or the entire company.
Success in decision-making will also have an impact on
the company's reputation
COMMUNUCATION MODES
Communication mode refers to the channel
through which one expresses his/her communicative
intent. It is the medium through which one conveys
his/her thoughts. Views or feelings can be
communicated through face-to-face interaction, video,
or audio. The mode may also be text-based.
FACE TO FACE INTERACTION
An informal or casual conversation
between two or more people. People engage in social
conversations to establish relationships or maintain
them. It is one way of gaining new acquaintances or
friends. How to speak, what to speak, when to speak,
and to whom one is speaking are all important
considerations in building relationships. One advantage
of face to-face interaction is that aside from directly
hearing the message being conveyed, you can note
visual cues through facial expressions, gestures,
movements, or even objects or regalia from the
person/s you are communicating with.
“Be brave enough to start a conversation that matters.”
-Dau Voire, this simply means that even if the people
surrounding you in a social event are strangers to you,
you need to be confident enough to meet new faces
and initiate an interesting conversation.
"All social change begins with a conversation." Margaret
J. Wheatley states: "All social change begins with a
conversation." Indeed, this is so especially if that one
single and simple conversation blossoms into a deeper
contact.
VIDEO
● Web cameras are used so that two or more
people who cannot interact face-to-face can
communicate.
● Effective mode of commination if there are no
technical glitches
● Effective communication to people that
experience time distances
● one of them should make the necessary
adjustments to pave the way for a successful
communication
AUDIO
● Audio means transmitted sound
● An obvious downside of this mode is not being
able to see the body language or cues of the
person you are talking to.
The audio communication mode is quite difficult
especially if you are listening to people with different
accents. For instance, in relation to the World Englishes
paradigm, other speakers of English apart from those
who speak it as a native language may find it peculiar
listening to the accent of Filipinos.
TEXT BASED COMMUNICATION
● Text-based communication such as e-mail,
facsimile, text messaging, and instant
messaging. Social networking sites such as
Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram likewise
offer text-based interaction.
● Text-based communication mode does not
originally provide video and audio benefits, it
has a wider reach and can disseminate
information to a bigger audience quickly