FABRICATION OF ECCENTRIC HAMMER CAM MACHANISM

FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSE

ABSTRACT

This project deals with the design and fabrication of ‘FABRICATION OF

ECCENTRIC HAMMER CAM MACHANISM FOR INDUSTRIAL
PURPOSE’. The main aim of this project is to save the man power.

The punching hammer is connected to the driven wheel by means of

connecting rod. The driven wheel is rotated by the driving wheel which is
operated by the motor. It enables the hammer to move in upward and downward
direction.

By using this equipment the unshaped metals can be changed or retained to its
original shape. The main advantage of this power hammer machine is

(a) Man power is not needed.

(b) Time can be effectively saved.

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 1. PROJECT PLANNING

Before starting every project its planning is to be done. Planning is very

important task and should be taken with great care, as the efficiency of the whole
project largely depends upon its planning while planning a project each and every
details should be worked out in anticipation and should carefully is considered
with all the relating provisions in advance. Project planning consists of the
following steps.

PROJECT CAPACITY

The capacity of the project must be decided considering the amount of

money which can be invested and availability of material and machines.

DRAWINGS

Drawing been decided for the project to be manufacture. Its detailed

drawing specification for raw material and finished products should be decided
carefully along with the specification of the machines required for their
manufacture.

MATERIAL EQUIPMENT

The list of materials required for manufacture is prepared from the

drawings. The list of is known as “BILL OF MATERIALS”. This passes to the
store keeper and the required materials taken from the store under permission of
store keeper operation, the necessity of operation, the person to do the job,
machine to be used to do the job are considered while planning the operation.

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After considering tea above questions a best method is developed and the best
method is applied to the operation.

MACHINE LOADING

While planning proper care should be taken to find the machining time for
each operation as correct as possible. So that the arrangement for full utilization
of machine can be made machine loading programmed is also known.

PURCHASE CONSIDERATION

It is different to manufacture all the component needed for the equipment

in the workshop it self. The decision about a particular item whether to purchase
or to manufacture is taken by planning after making through study of relative
merits demerits.

EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATION

Result obtained from “PROCESS PLANNING” and “MACHINE

LODING” helps in calculating the equipment requirement specification of the
equipment should be laid down by considering the drawing. Drawing will also
help in deciding and necessary requirement of tools, accessories.

COST CALCULATION

The cost of the project can be calculated by adding following.

1. Material Cost
2. Machining Cost
3. Overhead Expenses.

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COMPARISION

The various items in the finished project are compared to the standards for
the further correction.

REPORT

At the end of the project work report is prepared for future references. The
report consists of all the items done the project work.

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 2. OVER VIEW PUNCHING MECHANISM

Punching is a metal forming process that uses a punch press to force a tool, called
a punch, through the workpiece to create a hole via shearing. The punch often
passes through the work into a die. A scrap slug from the hole is deposited into
the die in the process. Depending on the material being punched this slug may be
recycled and reused or discarded. Punching is often the cheapest method for
creating holes in sheet metal in medium to high production volumes. When a
specially shaped punch is used to create multiple usable parts from a sheet of
material the process is known as blanking. In forging applications the work is
often punched while hot, and this is called hot punching.

PROCESS

Punch tooling (punch and die) is often made of hardened steel or tungsten
carbide. A die is located on the opposite side of the workpiece and supports the
material around the perimeter of the hole and helps to localize the shearing forces
for a cleaner edge. There is a small amount of clearance between the punch and
the die to prevent the punch from sticking in the die and so less force is needed to
make the hole. The amount of clearance needed depends on the thickness, with
thicker materials requiring more clearance, but the clearance is always less than
the thickness of the workpiece. The clearance is also dependent on the hardness
of the workpiece. The punch press forces the punch through a workpiece,
producing a hole that has a diameter equivalent to the punch, or slightly smaller
after the punch is removed. All ductile materials stretch to some extent during
punching which often causes the punch to stick in the workpiece. In this case, the
punch must be physically pulled back out of the hole while the work is supported
from the punch side, and this process is known as stripping. The hole walls will
show burnished area, rollover, and die break and must often be further processed.
The slug from the hole falls through the die into some sort of container to either
dispose of the slug or recycle it.

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 PUNCHING CHARACCTERISTICS

 Punches and dies are usually fabricated from conventional

tool steel or carbides
 Creates a burnished region roll-over, and die break on sidewall of the
resulting hole[1]

 It's quick

 Punching is the most cost effective process of making holes in strip or

sheet metal for average to high fabrication

 It is able to create multiple shaped holes

 Geometry

 The workpiece is often in the form of a sheet or roll. Materials for the
workpiece can vary, commonly being metals and plastics. The punch and
die themselves can have a variety of shapes to create an array of different
shaped holes in the workpiece. Multiple punches may be used together to
create a part in one step.

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Usually, the punch and die are close to the same dimensions, creating a sheared
edge when they meet. A punch that is significantly smaller than the die can be
used to produce an extruded hole where the punch displaces the punched material
to the sides, forming a tube perpendicular to the punched sheet.[

EQUIPMENT

Most punch presses are mechanically operated, but simple punches are often
hand-powered. Major components of this mechanical press are the frame,
motor, ram, die posts, bolster, and bed. The punch is mounted into the ram,
and the die is mounted to the bolster plate. The scrap material drops through
as the workpiece is advanced for the next hole. A large computer controlled
punch press is called a CNC turret punch. It houses punches and their
corresponding dies in a revolving indexed turret. These machines
use hydraulic, pneumatic, or electrical power to press the shape with enough
force to shear the metal

FORCES

The punch force required to punch a piece of sheet metal can be estimated from
the following equation

Where t is the sheet metal thickness, L is the total length sheared (perimeter of
the shape), and UTS is the ultimate tensile strength of the material. Die and
punch shapes affect the force during the punching process. The punch force
increases during the process as the entire thickness of the material is sheared
at once. A beveled punch helps in the shearing of thicker materials by
reducing the force at the beginning of the stroke. However, beveling a punch
will disort the shape because of lateral forces that develop. Compound dies

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 allow multiple shaping to occur. Using compound dies will generally slow
down the process and are typically more expensive than other dies.
Progressive dies may be used in high production operations. Different
punching operations and dies may be used at different stages of the operation
on the same machine

CLASSIFICATION PUNCH.

A punch is a hard metal rod with a shaped tip at one end and a blunt butt end at
the other, which is usually struck by a hammer. Most woodworkers prefer to use
a ball-peen hammer for using punches. Punches are used to drive objects, such
as nails, or to form an impression of the tip on a workpiece. Decorative punches
may also be used to create a pattern or even form an image.

1.PIN PUNCH

A nail punch also called a nail set, is used to drive the head of a nail flush with or
below a surface. A pin punch is a similar tool used to drive pins for affixing a
fixture to a rotating shaft. Nail and pin punches have a body by which the punch
is held, with a flat ended cylindrical section whose diameter suits the object to be
driven into the wood.

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2.TRANSFER PUNCH

A transfer punch is a punch (usually in an index set) of a specific outer diameter

that is non-tapered and extends the entire length of the punch (except for the tip).
It is used to tightly fit the tolerances of an existing hole and, when struck,
precisely transfer the center of that hole to another surface. It can be used, for
example, to duplicate the hole patterns in a part, or precisely set locations for
threaded holes (created by drilling and tapping) to bolt an object to a surface.

3. CENTRE PUNCH

A center punch is used to mark the centre of a point. It is usually used to mark the
centre of a hole when drilling holes. A drill has the tendency to "wander" if it
does not start in a recess. A centre punch forms a large enough dimple to "guide"
the tip of the drill. The tip of a centre punch has an angle between 60 and 90
degrees.[1] When drilling larger holes, and the web of the drill is wider than the
indentation produced by a centre punch, the drilling of a pilot hole is usually
needed.An automatic centre punch operates without the need for a hammer

4.TRANSFER PUNCH

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A transfer punch is a punch (usually in an index set) of a specific outer diameter
that is non-tapered and extends the entire length of the punch (except for the tip).
It is used to tightly fit the tolerances of an existing hole and, when struck,
precisely transfer the center of that hole to another surface. It can be used, for
example, to duplicate the hole patterns in a part, or precisely set locations for
threaded holes (created by drilling and tapping) to bolt an object to a surface.

5.DOMING PUNCH

A doming punch is used in conjunction with a doming block to make spheres or

hemispheres out of sheets of metal. The punch is generally made of tool steel, but
can be made of wood. They come in a number of different sizes, the punch size
determining what size the finished product will be.

5.DRIFT PUNCH
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A drift "punch" is misleadingly named; it is not used as a punch in the traditional
sense of the term. A drift punch, or drift pin, or lineup punch, is used as an aid in
aligning bolt or rivet holes prior to inserting a fastener. A drift punch is
constructed as a tapered rod, with the hammer acting on the large end of the
taper. The tapered end of a drift punch is placed into the semi-aligned bolt holes
of two separate components, and then driven into the hole. As it is driven in, the
taper forces the two components into alignment, allowing for easy insertion of
the fastener. Unlike most punches, force is never (and should never be) applied to
the tip, or end of a drift pin.

6. ROLL PIN PUCHES

Roll pin punches are used to drive roll pins. Standard Pin Punches should never
be used on a roll pin. Because of the hollow, thin wall construction of a roll pin, a
standard pin punch will often collapse, mar or distort the end of the pin or be
driven into, and jammed inside, the hollow core of the roll pin. When choosing a
roll pin punch, select one that is no larger than the compressed diameter of the
pin. If a punch is used that is larger than the pin,the surrounding metal in which
the pin is seated can be damaged. Also, a roll pin punch should not be used which

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is smaller than the compressed diameter of the pin. If this occurs, it may be
possible to drive the punch through the hollow center of the roll pin.

Roll pin punches are designed with a small projection in the center of the pin tip
to support the circumference of the roll pin. The tips of roll pin punches are not
flat and should never be used on regular solid pins. If a roll pin punch is used on
a solid pin, it will mar or mark the pin.

If the end of a roll pin punch is damaged or deformed, it should be discarded. It is

virtually impossible to regrind the tip of the roll pin punch and properly shape the
center projection. When using a roll pin punch, make sure the axis of the shank of
the roll pin punch is in line with the axis of the roll pin. Do not cant the roll pin
punch off to one side. When you strike the roll pin punch, hit it directly on the
top of its head. If you strike the head of the roll pin punch at an angle you may
bend the shank.

7. DECORATIVE PUNCH

Punches with a decorative motif have been used to create patterns or

images on metals and various other materials, notably leather.
In goldsmithing, bookbinding and armour-making the technique is
called pointillé. In printmaking punches were used to create most of the image in
the plates for printing metalcuts.

8.LETTER PUCNH

Also known as letter stamps or number stamps. These are used to emboss the
impression of a letter or number into a workpiece. They are most common in
the reverse image, this allows the end result to be immediately readable, however
they may be made as a positive image. This is essential in the case of die or

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mold making and ensures that the finished product will be readable, as a die is a
negative image

3. INTRODUCTION OF SHEET METAL OPERATION

Sheet metal is simply metal formed into thin and flat pieces. It
is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking, and can be cut
and bent into a variety of different shapes. Countless everyday objects
are constructed of the material. Thicknesses can vary significantly,
although extremely thin thicknesses are considered foil or leaf, and
pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 in) are considered plate.

Sheet metal is available in flat pieces or as a coiled strip. The coils are
formed by running a continuous sheet of metal through a roll slitter.

The thickness of the sheet metal is called its gauge. The gauge of sheet
metal ranges from 30 gauge to about 8 gauge. The larger the gauge
number, the thinner the metal.

There are many different metals that can be made into sheet metal, such
as aluminum, brass, copper, steel, tin, nickel and titanium. For decorative
uses, important sheet metals include silver, gold, and platinum (platinum
sheet metal is also utilized as a catalyst.)

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 4. VARIOUS METHODS USED IN SHEET METAL FORMING

 Shearing - Separating material into two parts

 Blanking - Removing material to use for parts

 Conventional blanking

 Fine blanking

 Punching - Removing material as scrap

 Piercing

 Slotting

 Perforating

 Notching

 Nibbling

 Lancing

 Slitting

 Parting

 Cutoff

 Trimming

 Shaving

 Dinking

SHEARING:

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 As mentioned above, several cutting processes exist that utilize
shearing force to cut sheet metal. However, the term "shearing" by itself
refers to a specific cutting process that produces straight line cuts to
separate a piece of sheet metal. Most commonly, shearing is used to cut a
sheet parallel to an existing edge which is held square, but angled cuts
can be made as well. For this reason, shearing is primarily used to cut
sheet stock into smaller sizes in preparation for other processes.

BLANKING

Blanking is a cutting process in which a piece of sheet metal is

removed from a larger piece of stock by applying a great enough
shearing force. In this process, the piece removed, called the blank, is not
scrap but rather the desired part. Blanking can be used to cutout parts in
almost any 2D shape, but is most commonly used to cut work pieces with
simple geometries that will be further shaped in subsequent processes

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 5. INTRODUCTION TO CAM

A cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used

especially in transforming rotary motion into linear motion or vice-versa.
It is often a part of a rotating wheel (e.g. an eccentric wheel) or shaft (e.g.
a cylinder with an irregular shape) that strikes a lever at one or more
points on its circular path. The cam can be a simple tooth, as is used to
deliver pulses of power to a steam hammer, for example, or an eccentric
disc or other shape that produces a smooth reciprocating (back and forth)
motion in the follower, which is a lever making contact with the cam.

Overview

The cam can be seen as a device that rotates from circular to

reciprocating (or sometimes oscillating) motion. A common example is
the camshaft of an automobile, which takes the rotary motion of the
engine and translates it into the reciprocating motion necessary to operate
the intake and exhaust valves of the cylinders.

Displacement diagram

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Plate cam

Cam Profile

The most commonly used cam is the plate cam (also disc cam or radial
cam) which is cut out of a piece of flat metal or plate. Here, the follower
moves in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the camshaft.
Several key terms are relevant in such a construction of plate cams: base
circle, prime circle (with radius equal to the sum of the follower radius
and the base circle radius), pitch curve which is the radial curve traced

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out by applying the radial displacements away from the prime circle
across all angles, and the lobe separation angle (LSA - the angle between
two adjacent intake and exhaust cam lobes).

The base circle is the smallest circle that can be drawn to the cam profile.

A once common, but now outdated, application of this type of cam were
automatic machine tool programming cams. Each tool movement or
operation was controlled directly by one or more cams. Instructions for
producing programming cams and cam generation data for the most
common makes of machine were included in engineering references well
into the modern CNC era.

This type of cam is used in many simple electromechanical appliance

controllers, such as dishwashers and clothes washing machines, to
actuate mechanical switches that control the various parts.

Eccentric

The valve is moved backwards and forwards over the cylinder

ports by the action of the eccentric. The eccentric consists of a circular
disc, which is fastened to the crankshaft and rotates with it. The centre of
crankshaft is made offset (eccentric) to the centre of the disc. Thus, when
the crankshaft rotates, a point on the centre of the eccentric disc forms a
circle around the crankshaft centre. The diameter of this circle will be
twice the offset.

If the slide valve is connected to the eccentric by means of an

eccentric strap and rod, then as the crankshaft rotates, the valve will
move backwards and forwards by a distance which is twice the offset of
the centers. This distance is known as the throw of the eccentric.

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 6. COMPONENTS USED IN ECCENTRIC HAMMER:

 Frame
 A.C Induction motor
 Pulleys with V belt
 V belt
 Eccentric cam
 Plummer Block
 Punching apparatus
 Handle

1. FRAME(OR)STRUCTURE:

The Structure of the machine withstands the total weight of the body.

Generally the Structure is made of Mild Steel Grade.. The entire setup has rigid

structure crank shaft with Plummer block motor and punch die are assembled

with proper arrangements

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 2. A.C MOTOR

The A.C. Motor gets the power supply and works in the general working
principle of motors. The output shaft from motor is grided and grooved in Lathe
so that a Worm and Worm wheel arrangement with the motor is achieved.
Generally the motor rotates with 220 volt A.C. power supply.

A typical AC motor consists of two parts:

An outside stationary stator having coils supplied with AC current to

produce a rotating magnetic field, and; An inside rotor attached to the output

shaft that is given a torque by the rotating field

There are two fundamental types of AC motor depending on the type of

rotor used: The synchronous motor, which rotates exactly at the supply frequency

or a submultiple of the supply frequency, and;

The induction motor, which turns slightly slower, and typically (though not

necessarily always) takes the form of the squirrel cage motor.

Single-phase AC induction motors

A polyphase induction motor will continue to rotate even if one phase is

disconnected, at reduced torque. However, a polyphase motor at standstill will

not generate any net starting torque if connected only to a single-phase supply.

The key to the design of single-phase motors, then, is to provide a rotating

magnetic field to produce starting torque.

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 A common single-phase motor is the shaded pole motor, which is used in

devices requiring lower torque, such as electric fans or other small household

appliances. In this motor, small single-turn copper "shading coils" create the

moving magnetic field. Part of each pole is encircled by a copper coil or strap;

the induced current in the strap opposes the change of flux through the coil

(Lenz's Law), so that the maximum field intensity moves across the pole face on

each cycle.

Another common single-phase AC motor is the split-phase induction

motor, commonly used in major appliances such as washing machines and

clothes dryers. Compared to the shaded pole motor, these motors can generally

provide much greater starting torque by using a special startup winding in

conjunction with a centrifugal switch.

In the split phase motor, the startup winding is designed with a higher

resistance than the running winding. This creates an LR circuit which slightly

shifts the phase of the current in the startup winding. When the motor is starting,

the startup winding is connected to the power source via a set of spring-loaded

contacts pressed upon by the not-yet-rotating centrifugal switch. The starting

winding is wound with fewer turns of smaller wire than the main winding, so it

has a higher resistance. The extra resistance creates a small phase shift, not more

than about 30 degrees, between the flux due to the main winding and the flux of

the starting winding. The starting direction of rotation may be reversed simply by

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exchanging the connections of the startup winding relative to the running

winding.

The phase of the magnetic field in this startup winding is shifted from the

phase of the mains power, allowing the creation of a moving magnetic field

which starts the motor. Once the motor reaches near design operating speed, the

centrifugal switch activates, opening the contacts and disconnecting the startup

winding from the power source. The motor then operates solely on the running

winding. The starting winding must be disconnected since it would increase the

losses in the motor.

In a capacitor start motor, a starting capacitor is inserted in series with the

startup winding, creating an LC circuit which is capable of a much greater phase

shift (and so, a much greater starting torque). The capacitor naturally adds

expense to such motors.

Another variation is the Permanent Split-Capacitor (PSC) motor. This

motor operates similarly to the capacitor-start motor described above, but there is

no centrifugal starting switch and the second winding is permanently connected

to the power source. PSC motors are frequently used in air handlers, fans, and

blowers and other cases where a variable speed is desired. By changing taps on

the running winding but keeping the load constant, the motor can be made to run

at different speeds.

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 3. ECCENTRIC CAM:

The valve is moved backwards and forwards over the cylinder

ports by the action of the eccentric. The eccentric consists of a circular
disc, which is fastened to the crankshaft and rotates with it. The centre of
crankshaft is made offset (eccentric) to the centre of the disc. Thus, when
the crankshaft rotates, a point on the centre of the eccentric disc forms a
circle around the crankshaft centre. The diameter of this circle will be
twice the offset.

4PLUMMER BLOCK WITH BEARING:

Early pillow-block with bearing. A pillow block, also
known as a plumber block or bearing housing, is a mounted plain or
roller bearing used to provide support for a rotating shaft with the
mounting surface on a parallel line with the axis of the shaft. Housing

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material for a pillow block is typically made of cast iron or pressed steel.
Pillow blocks are extensively used in conveyor systems such as tube
chain conveyors. Pillow blocks are usually referred to the housings
which have a bearing fitted into them & thus the user need not purchase
the bearings separately. Pillow blocks are usually mounted in cleaner
environments & generally are meant for lesser loads of general industry.
These differ from "Plummer blocks" which are bearing housings
supplied without any bearings & are usually meant for higher load
ratings & corrosive industrial environments.

However fundamental application of both types is the same which is to

primarily mount bearings safely enabling their outer ring to be stationary
usually and allowing rotation of the inner ring. The housing is bolted to a
foundation through the holes in the base. Bearing housings are either
split type or unsplit type. Split type housings are usually two piece
housings where the cap and base can be detached. While certain series
are one single piece housings. Various seals are provided to prevent dust
and other contaminants from entering the housing. Thus the housing
provides a clean environment for the expensive bearings to freely rotate
hence increasing their performance and duty cycle.

Large bearing housings are usually made of grey cast iron. However
various different grades of metals can be used to manufacture the same.
Small and low-cost housings are die-cast in zinc or aluminum alloys.

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 Punch:

A center punch is used to mark the centre of a point. It is usually used

to mark the centre of a hole when drilling holes. A drill has the tendency to
"wander" if it does not start in a recess. A centre punch forms a large enough
dimple to "guide" the tip of the drill. The tip of a centre punch has an angle
between 60 and 90 degrees.[1] When drilling larger holes, and the web of the drill
is wider than the indentation produced by a centre punch, the drilling of a pilot
hole is usually needed.An automatic centre punch operates without the need for a
hammer.

Handle:

It is the element which is used to rotate the punching machine.

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 7. DESIGN ASPECTS AND OPERATION

PROPERTIES OF MILD STEEL:

PHYSICAL PROPERTY:

Density - 7860 Kg/m3

Melting point - 1427c

Thermal conductivity - 63 W/ m K

CARBON CONTENT:

Low Carbon (or) Mild steel - 0.15% to0.45% carbon

MECHANICAL PROPERTY:

 Elasticity
 Ductility
 Toughness
 Weld ability
In our design, screw type clamp, Body of jig have a main part
hence the calculations are concentrated on it

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 8. MACHINING OPERATION:

OPERATIONS INVOLVED:

 Turning (facing, plain turning, step turning , threading etc)

 Facing (flat surface)
 Drilling
 Gas cutting (flat plate, cylindrical rods)
 Shaping
 Welding
 Tapping
 Thread cutting
TURNING:
Turning is the operation of reducing a cylindrical surface by
removing material from the outside diameter of a work piece. It is done
by rotating the work piece about the lathe axis and feeding the tool
parallel to the lathe axis. Due to this operation screw rod and head are
done by the turning operation to get the required shape.

FACING:

Machining the end of the work piece to produce flat surface is

called facing. Due to this, the plate can get flat surface have done by the
facing operation.

DRILLING:

Drilling is the operation of producing cylindrical hole in work

piece. It is done by rotating the cutting edge of the cutter known as drill
bit. In this Project the jig plates require holes for locating indexing plate
and screw rod, drill bush assembly. These holes are done by conventional
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vertical drilling machine.

THREAD CUTTING:

Thread cutting is the operation of forming external thread of

required diameter of rod by using a multipoint tool is called thread. This
process is used in screw clamp to done on the rod which is used for the
movement of the movable plate

FINE GRINDING

It is nothing but the grinding process, which is done as smooth with

fine grains. This is done as the each plate and base plate for good surface

finish. It is done by conventional grinding machine.

GAS CUTTING

It is used to break are cut the plates. In this project it is used to

cut the raw materials such as plates. This done by gas cutting machine.

SHAPING

Shaping operation is used to reduce the dimensions of the plates.

In this project the plates are in need of shaping process. It is done by
shaping machine.

WELDING

It is the process, which is used to join two, is more similar

materials as well as dissimilar materials. In this project it is used to join
the jig plate one to another. This is done by arc welding machine.

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 9. WORKING PRINCIPLE:

The Eccentric Hammer machine is provided with a “V” pulley of C.I. This pulley
is connected to the motor by a ‘V’ belt. When the motor is started, the main shaft
of the hammer also starts revolving at the same speed. The running speed is 1440
R.P.M. The rotation will be of vertical direction because of Cam and cam shaft.
The main shaft drives the horizontal shaft.

The speed is also reduced in the ratio of 1: 10. When the main shaft rotates 10
times the horizontal shaft will rotate only once. The machine enables us to get
144 strokes / minute. The cam is keyed to the horizontal shaft. The cam is made
up of cast iron piece. The link is connected to the cam stud. The Hammer is fixed
at the top of the eccentric cam shaft end.

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 10. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICTION

ADVANTAGES

This system is more safety to the operator

Quick in response
Simple in construction
It is very useful in all industries
DISADVANTAGES

Speed of the machine is very high so it can produce vibration

APPLICATIONS

All Brick Breaking Industries

In all Foundries
In all Machine Shop
All small scale industries

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 11. PROCESS CHART:

Machine Materials
Part name Operations
used used
The M.S plate
Gas cutting
of rough size is
m/c
1.Stucture cut, drilled &
Drilling
shaped to finish Mild steel
m/c
size
The M.S square
2.Plummer of rough size is
cut, drilled & -
block shaped to finish Mild steel
size
The M.S square
3.Bearings of rough size is
cut, drilled & -
shaped to finish Mild steel
size
The M.S rod is Lathe
turned, faced,
4.Eccentric threaded & Drilling&
can drilled to
require Threading
m/c Mildsteel
diameter.

For assembling of parts, welding has been done where ever

necessary

Design process

PRIMARY CUTTING PROCESS

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 The processes used for preliminary cutting of the component are
known as primary cutting process. The common operations involved in
this process are gas cutting, sawing etc.

MACHINING PROCESS

The process used for giving final shape to the component

according to the planned dimension is known as machining process. The
common processes involved in this process are turning, planning,
shaping, drilling, etc.

SURFACE FINISHING PROCESS

The process used to provide a good surface finish for the

components are called as surface finishing process. The common
operations used for this process are polishing, buffing, abrasive belt
grinding, super finishing, etc.

JOINING PROCESS

The processes used to join the components are known as joining

process. The common operations used for this process are welding,
riveting, screw fastening, drilling etc.

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12 .LINE DIAGRAM

LINE DIAGRAM

34
 13. COST ESTIMATION:

Name of the Weight

S.NO Cost RS.
part in kg

Structure 7 680
1.

Cam 2 760
2.

Plummer block 2 1000

3.

Screw rod 1 250

4.

A.C motor with

1750
5. pulleys

6. Bearing 2 150

Fabrication
7. 1400
charges

TOTAL =599

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 CONCLUSION:

This report details with Fabrication of FABRICATION OF

ECCENTRIC HAMMER CAM MACHANISM FOR INDUSTRIAL
PURPOSE is attached with the Part drawings. The project carried out by us made
an impressing task in the Manufacturing works. It is very useful for the speed
controlling areas. This project has been designed to perform the entire requirement
task, which has also been provided.

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 BIBILOGRAPHY

1. Jig and fixture design by EDWARD.G.HOFFMAN.

2. Jigs and fixtures by P.H.JOSHI.
3. Work shop technology by R.S. KHURMI.
4. Engineering practice by R.K. NATARAJAN.
5. Machine tools (vol.2) by S.K. HAJRA CHOUDRY.
6. Design data by P.S.G. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY.

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