1.

relative clauses - mogą opisywać rzeczownik, który znajduje się przed nimi

The man who was sitting is the corner is fat. Tennis, which is my favorite sport, isn’t boring.

Food that many people eat is unhealthy. Tim, whose brother is a doctor, works here.
2. RELATIVE CLAUSES NIE MUSZĄ BYĆ W ŚRODKU ZDANIA

An architect is someone who designs buildings.

John works for a company that produces toys.
3. Albo mogą opisywać całe stwierdzenie:

It was raining on our wedding day, which forced us to change our plan.
He o ered me a drive, which was very kind of him.

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES:

De ning relative clauses potrzebują relative pronouns (zaimka względnego), które pozwalają na
połączenie relative clause z rzeczownikiem lub całym stwierdzeniem, którą opisują.

- who - which - whose (czyj) - where - when - why -why

Zaimek względny w funkcji Zaimek względny w funkcji Zaimek wyrażający

podmiotu
dopełnienia
posiadanie

(Nie można opuścić zaimka) (Można opuścić zaimek) (Nie można opuścić
zaimka)

W WHO/THAT WHO/THAT WHOSE

odniesieniu
do osób The girl who/that is sitting The woman (who/that) I That is the man whose
over there is my sister. was talking about. dog attacked me.
Dziewczyna, kt ra tam Kobieta, o kt rej m wiłem.
siedzi, jest moj siostr . To jest mężczyzna,
The woman I was talking którego pies mnie
about. zaatakował.
W WHICH/THAT WHICH/THAT WHOSE/ (of which)
odniesieniu
do rzeczy The letter which/that He was watching the
The letter which/that arrived arrived last night was from movie whose title I
last night. my mum. couldn’t remember
earlier.
List, kt ry przyszedł wczoraj List, kt ry przyszedł
wieczorem. wczoraj wieczorem, był od
mojej mamy.
(He was watching the
The letter I received last movie, the title of which
night was from my mum. I couldn’t remember
earlier.) - dodatkowo.




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 Czy zawsze można zamienić who i which na zaimek that w DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE?

Przyimek „to” wyst puje przed which, wi c nie Gdyby zdanie wygl dało w nast puj cy
mo emy zast pi zaimka which zaimkiem that. spos b :

The concert which we listened to last night was

very good.
Mogliby my which zast pi zaimkiem that, bo
przed which nie ma przyimka „to’.

The concert to which{NIE that} we listened last The concert that we listened to last night was
night was very good. very good.

Zaimki kiedy, jak, gdzie - czy można pominąć w zdaniu?

When That was the day when he died. = That was the day he died.=> można
Where The school where I used to go has been demolished. => nie możemy pominąć
Why That’s the reason why she left so early. = That’s the reason she left so early.

De ning relative clause Non-de ning relative clauses

- Necessary, essential information - adding extra information
- Explains which person or thing we are - Not necessary to understand which person or
referring to, so we need the information in thing we are referring to
order to understand clearly which person or - With commas
thing we are talking about - * NIGDY nie używamy that zamiast who i
- No commas which
Przykłady: Przykłady:
The man who sat next to me was very friendly. London, which was the host of the 2012
Bez informacji, że ten, który siedzi koło mnie, Olympics, is visited by over 15 million people
nie wiedzielibyśmy, który mężczyzna (bez each year. - wszyscy wiemy, o który Londyn
dodatkowego kontekstu.) chodzi.
I love these shoes that you are wearing. The man, who I had never met before, chatted
Niezbędna informacja, Te buty….? Ale które with me for the entire ight. - wiemy, który to
buty? Te które masz na sobie! mężczyzna. (Bo to ten sam co tabeli obok ;) )
The place where we stayed was really nice. My friend Roberto, who is from Brazil, loves to
play football.
Wisława Szymborską was born in Kórnik,
which is a small town in Western Poland.
The students who watch Rock Your English The students, who watch Rock Your English
videos can improve their writing skills. videos, can improve their writing skills.
Uczniowie, którzy oglądają rock your English Uczniowie, którzy oglądają Rock Your English,
mogą poprawić swoje pisanie. (TYLKO CI, mogę poprawić swoje pisanie. (Ogólnie
KTÓRZY OGLĄDAJĄ RYE) uczniowie mogą poprawić swoje pisanie, ale nie
tylko Ci co oglądają RYE)
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Czy to zdanie jest poprawne?
People, who enjoy their jobs, are usually satis ed with their lives.
Jeśli wytniemy dodatkową non- de ning clause wyjdzie nam zdanie „People are usually satis ed
with their lives” - co nie jest prawdą, jest to zbyt duża generalizacja.
Dlatego informacja who enjoy their jobs jest konieczna I zdanie: People who enjoy their jobs are
usually satis ed with their lives. Jest poprawne, bo ci ludzie, którzy lubią swoją pracę są
zazwyczaj usatysfakcjonowani ze swojego życia.

Which of these is correct?

Men, who have stressful jobs, have a high risk of heart disease. X not all men have risk of heart
disease. It’s generalization
Men who have stressful jobs have a high risk of heart disease. ✔ this clause is essential because it
states what type of man can have a high risk of heart disease.

Połącz zdania używając relative clauses. Wpisz wszystkie możliwe odpowiedzi, czyli np. czy
całkowicie można się pozbyć relative pronoun ze zdania.
1. I read the newspaper. She gave it to me.
2. The bear was scary. I saw it.
3. My neighbour has a dog. It barks a lot.
4. She painted a picture. The picture was of a river.
5. Love is an emotion. It cannot be described.
6. I met a famous actress. She has been in many movies.
7. He works in an of ce. The of ce is close to his home.

Połącz zdania, używając relative clauses.

a. Andrew is a great guitarist. Has been my friend for many years.
b. The laptop is brand new. The laptop is sitting on the table.
c. My hero is the astronaut, Buzz Aldrin. He has been to space many times.
d. I am interested in astronomy. Astronomy has been studied for thousands of
years.
e. The house is haunted by ghosts. My girlfriend lives in the house,
f. My friend spotted Bigfoot last weekend. My friend is known to often
exaggerate stories.

Add non-de ning adjective clauses to the following sentences:

Przykład: She was born in Korea, which is in Asia.
1. Biden is the current president of the United States
2. The Revenant won the award for best lm of 2015.
3. Coffee is a common beverage around the world.
4. The Mona Lisa is one of the most recognizable images in the world.

Read the following sentences. Add a non-de ning adjective clause to modify the sentence using
which:
1. I accidentally deleted my essay.
2. The storm lasted for three days straight.
3. He decided to call in sick for work again.
4. Dark chocolate has health bene ts.
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