UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF NURSING
WORKSHEET NO. 5
NEWBORN / INFANT CARE

STUDENT’S NAME _Marie Ashley E. Casia_____DATE__03/16/2021__________

CLIENT’S DETAILS:
Name of patient: _Daenerys C. Targaryen_ Age __1 week old_ Gender__F___
Status: Active ,Apgar Score:8 No Abnormalities_ Height: _20 in. (50 cm) Weight: _6 lbs_

Define newborn/ Infant Care:

It is a procedure wherein the healthcare workers are taking care and nurturing the infants in a ways that
are safe and healthy.

Purposes:

To keep the baby’s skin clean

To refresh the baby

To stimulate the circulation

To prevent any skin irritation

To closely observed the body for evidence of any abnormalities and to note infant growth and
development

To induce sleep

A. BATHING AN INFANT (TUB BATH)

Definition Of bathing a newborn / infant :

Baby bath is defined as cleaning the skin of the baby for promoting hygiene and comfort in the home
setting. Tub bath- this is the common method of giving bath to a baby. The baby is submerged into the
water in a tub or basin.
Purposes:

To maintain cleanliness of the infant’s skin/ remove transient microorganisms

To refresh the baby and provide comfort
To increase bonding between mother and child
To wash away sweat and sebum
To provide opportunity for mother to explore the baby for any abnormality

Materials:
Basin
Baby soap
Sponge or clean wash cloth
 Warm water
clean blanket or bath towel
clean diaper
clean clothes
PROCEDURES:
1. Prepare all materials needed.
2. Wash hands
3. Take the temperature of the infant, it
should be 36 degrees Celsius
4. Pour water on the basin with temperature
of 38-40 degrees Celsius and checking
the water by using bath thermometer or
an elbow test.
5. Place a plastic or rubber sheet besides
the basin.
6. Infant must be partially wrapped
7. With infant lying supine partially
wrapped, clean the eye first using soft
moistened with water cloth, cleaning from
the inner canthus going to the outer
canthus, then to the other eye. Clean the
face, opening of the nose and the
external ear and down to the neck.
8. Undress the infant and examine the body
from any marks or lesions.
9. Get the baby using the football hold,
support his head and opening of ears.
10. Wet the hair and make a good lather on
one hand and gently apply shampoo on
the head and never allow the soap gets in
to the eyes.
11. Rinse the hair well and pat dry.
12. Unwrap the baby and place inside the tub
and support the head with your forearm
13. With your free hand, soap and rinse well
the rest of the body with a soft
washcloth, giving special attention to
areas on the armpit and genitalia
14. Pat and dry well the areas and skin fold
15. Wrap baby immediately with towel and
RATIONALE
Organization facilitates accurate skill performance
To reduce transmission of microorganism
To determine that the infant is low risk of
developing hypothermia.
Prevents chances of Hypothermia or scalding
Rubber sheet will protect the baby from chilling
since the sink is cold.
To prevent chilling
To wash off every part of the baby’s body
To prevent building dirt or microorganisms
To wash every part of the baby's body
Cotton tipped applicators are contraindicated.
They can break when the baby moves, causing
injury to the mucus membrane. Oil can be used if
secretions of nose are crusted.
To note and report findings
To provide intermediate intervention
To ensure the baby’s safety
To bath the baby easily
In order for the shampoo to spread out easily
from the baby’s head
To avoid eye irritation
Drying immediately prevents hypothermia
To prevent falling or slipping of the baby into tub
and get injured
Prevents skin irritation
To clean the baby’s skin
Giving special attention in the areas can prevent
building microorganisms
To remove moist or dirt present in the skin folds
To prevent from hypothermia
 dry well keeping him warm

16. Apply body lotion To moisturize the baby’s skin (optional if there is
no contraindications with the condition)

B. CORD CARE
Definition of cord care:
It is taking care of the umbilical cord of the baby

Purposes:

● To make the umbilical surrounding clean and dry

● To prevent infection
● To heal the navel more quickly

Materials:

● Water
● Alcohol
● Stump
● Wipes
● Tray

PROCEDURES:
ACTION RATIONALE
1. Prepare all materials needed. Having the materials ready can save energy and
time.
2. Wash Hands To prevent the spread of microorganisms

3. Check for signs haemostasis, ooze and/or To provide immediate intervention for the
signs of infections and record findings infection so prevent aggravation

4. Cleanse the cord area with cotton buds
soaked in luke warm tap water or plain
NSS, or 70% alcohol until the cord stump
area is clean from inner to outer motion
5. After care
To clean out the microorganisms that are present
in the area
To make the baby more comfortable
To promote sense of well being

C. DRESSING AN INFANT

Definition:
Dressing an infant is putting on clean, breathable, comfortable and soft clothes and layers on an
infant or newborn.

Purposes:
- To provide warmth to the infant
- To protect the infant’s skin
 - To provide comfort and feeling of security to the infant

Materials:
- Clean clothes for the infant; undershirt, pajamas or dressing gown
- Clean diapers
- Receiving blanet
- (Optional) wearable blanket sleepr or sleep sack
- (Optional) mittens for their hands
- Stable and secure table

PROCEDURES:
ACTIONS RATIONALE
1. Prepare all materials needed. To allow for organized and efficient performance
of procedure. Also, because you don’t want to
leave the infant unattended

2. Wash hands. To prevent spread of microorganisms

3. To dress the infant:

 If the shirt is of the slipover type, it For a slipover type: For ease and comfort of the
should be gathered in the hands so that it infant; less movements means less discomfort
is easily pulled over the infant’s head
 If the shirt is a double-breasted shirt with For double-breasted shirt w/ ties: to guide the
ties; infant’s hand and arm through the armhole and to
 Put on the infant’s arm through the prevent injury
sleeve, and the nurse or mother should
put her fingers through the end of the
sleeve to guide the infant’s hand through
the armhole.
 She can take baby’s fingers in hers and
gently pull his hand through the sleeve.

4. Grasp infant’s shoulder with one hand and To support the infant’s back and head
slide your palm over the baby’s back
bringing the shirt to the other side and do
same on step 2

5. Tie the shirt and keep the baby warm and For warmth and comfort of the infant
comfortable.

D. DIAPERING AN INFANT

Definition:
 Diapering an infant is the procedure in putting on a clean diaper on an infant or changing
from soiled to clean ones.

Purposes:
- To promote cleanliness and comfort for the infant
- To prevent skin breakdown and rashes caused by wet and soiled diapers. Rashes and skin
breakdown are much easier to prevent than to cure

Materials:
- Clean diapers
- Baby Wipes or hypoallergenic wipes
- Water or Olive oil for cleansing
- Barrier cream to protect the skin

PROCEDURES:

ACTIONS RATIONALE

1. Prepare all materials needed To allow for organized and efficient performance
of procedure. Also, because you don’t want to
leave the infant unattended

2. Wash hands To prevent spread of microorganisms

3. Place the baby on the table with his head Placing them on the table with their head to the
to the right or left. right or left supports their head. An infant’s head
and neck muscles are weak and have very little
strength to support their head.

4. Hold the baby’s legs together on one
hand, lift the buttocks off, then place the
back of the clean diaper under the baby.
Pull the front up between the baby’s legs.
Cloth diapers:
 Fold the diaper according to the baby’s
gender, with more material in the back for
girls and more in front for boys.
Lift the buttocks up to be able to securely put the
diaper in place;
Allow for more diaper material in the back for girls
because the urine and stool get stuck in the labia,
goes into the perineum and rectal area; for boys,
the urine is concentrated on the front part
according to the natural position of the penis
(facing upwards and towards the front)

 Fold the front edge of the diaper below

the umbilical cords while it is healing.
Fold the edge of the diaper below the umbilicus to
 Protect your baby’s skin; use Velcro
 diaper covers with Velcro fasteners prevent irritation
because they do no need pins. If using
pins, place your hands between the
diaper and your baby’s skin when pinning
Use of Velcro fasteners lessens the risk of infants
the diaper.
accidentally getting pricked by unpinned safety
Disposable diapers: pins;

 Lay the diaper flat, with sticky tape side
up.
 Place your baby on his/her back on the
diaper and bring the lower part of the
diaper up and through his legs to the
front.
 Bring the tapes around to the front and
attach them close to the navel.
Place hand between diaper and baby’s skin when
pinning to prevent accidentally pricking/pinning
the infant;
The sticky tape side goes up because these will
be used to tape on to the edge of the front part
later in the procedure;

 Fold the front edge of the diaper down

below the umbilical cord while it is healing Fold the edge of the diaper below the umbilicus to
or use newborn diapers that are specially prevent irritation/ infecting the umbilicus
designed to leave the umbilical cord
exposed.

5. Keep the baby warm and comfortable. To promote infant comfort

E. SWADDLING AN INFANT

Definition of Swaddling:
Swaddling is the procedure of wrapping a baby up gently in a light, breathable blanket to help
them feel calm and sleep. They should only have their body wrapped and not their neck or head.

Purposes:
- Swaddling mimics the environment of the uterus since the baby has spent nine months in a
very close, tight knit corner. This mimicry results to the infant feeling snug and secure.
- It helps calm the Moro Reflex thereby preventing the baby from being awaken. The Moro
reflex occurs whenever an infant hears a sudden noise or experiences and unexpected
moment. They will actually startle themselves awake
Materials:
- 100% cotton Muslin Swaddle blanket (size 44” x 44” or 40” x 40”)
- Or nested bean (commercialized, with velcro)
PROCEDURES:
ACTIONS
1. Prepare all materials needed.
2. Wash hands
3. Lay out the blanket on a flat surface.
Arrange it in a diamond shape with the size of the
blanket at least 40”x40”. Make sure the swaddle
blanket is a very thin and stretchy material.
4. Fold down the top corner of the blanket.
The fold at the top should be about as long as the
baby is tall.
5. Place the baby. Lay down the baby on the
blanket, so that his/her neck is on the
fold, and make sure their head and body
are well supported.
6. Move the baby’s arm into position. Gently
place the baby’s arm at his/her side, and
hold it in place.
7. Wrap the first side. Pull one corner of the
blanket over the baby’s body, and tuck it
underneath his or her back. The blanket
should be tucked snugly enough to hold
the baby’s arm in place at his or her side.
8. Move the baby’s other arm into position.
Gently place the baby’s other arm at his or her
side, and holds it in place.
9. Close the bottom of the swaddle. Pull the
bottom corner of the blanket up toward
the center of the baby’s shoulders. Tuck it
behind the baby’s left shoulder so that it’s
between the shoulder and bottom layer of
the blanket.
Note:
 Leave plenty of room for the baby’s feet
to move within the swaddle.ci
 Never swaddle a pacifier into a baby’s
mouth.
RATIONALE
To allow for organized and efficient performance
of procedure. To allow for organized and efficient
performance of procedure. Also, because you
don’t want to leave the infant unattended
To prevent the spread of microoganisms
Place it in a diamond shape so that there is a
corner on the top (to cover the back and
shoulders), bottom (to cover the legs), and sides
( to cover the arms).
The material has to be breathable for the infant's
comfort
Generally speaking, there is an inverse
relationship between the fold and the baby’s size:
Use a big fold for a small baby, or a small fold for
a big baby
To prevent injury. An infant’s head and neck
muscles are weak and have very little strength to
support their head.
Hold down the baby’s right arm (left from your
perspective) to secure it it before folding the left
side of the blanket over their body
Tucking it snugly ensures the blanket fold is
secured in place and that the baby’s arm is not
too wrapped too tightly
To secure the other arm in place in preparation of
folding the other side of the blanket over their
body
Pulling the bottom corner of the blanket toward
the center of the baby’s shoulders ensures
evenness and symmetry of folding the swaddle
blanket;
Tucking it behind the baby’s shoulder and bottom
layer of the blanket ensure snugness;
Leaving enough room for the baby’s feet to move
within the swaddle prevents hip injuries for the
infant;
To prevent injury to the infant’s mouth with the
pacifier
 F. FEEDING AND INFANT
Definition of feeding an infant:
Bottle Feeding: It is practicing feeding the infant using substitution for breast milk.
Breastfeeding: It is a procedure of feeding a mother’s breast milk to her infant.

Purposes:
● To satisfy the hunger of the baby
● To promote nourishment and development
● To facilitate regulation and maintain homeostasis
● Promotes calming and well being

Materials:
Clean Milk Bottle
Wipes
Water
Formula
Bottle Nipples

PROCEDURES:
ACTIONS RATIONALE
1. Prepare all materials needed. Wash hands Having the materials ready can save
energy and time.
Hand wash to prevent the transmission of
microorganisms.
2. Choose the type of feeding

To execute the feeding immediately.

3. Bottle feeding: ● To prevent bacteria spreading to milk
 Make sure all bottles, nipples, and other ● To avoid any possible diarrhea to the
utensils are clean. infant
 Read the directions. Be sure to follow the
manufacturer’s directions exactly for the
formula type you choose.
 Prepare the formula. Bring the water you ● Boiling the water can eliminate the
plant to use in the formula to a boil for
bacteria or presence of microorganisms in
approximately one minute. Then add it to
the formula powder. If you are preparing the water
this in advance, be sure to store it in the
refrigerator. It not use within one hour
out of the refrigerator and within 24
hours refrigerated throw it out.
 Warm refrigerated formula.
 Place your baby in a feeding position.
Don’t feed the baby lying down and make
sure the baby won’t be able swallow air ● Infants can absorb the warm formula
during feeding. easily and it makes their digestive system
 Take note of your baby’s intake. healthy
 Burp your baby. ● determine whether there is adequate
output of urine as well as normal
defecation.
 ● To get rid of some of the air that babies
tend to swallow during feeding.

4. Bottle Feeding: ● To prevent from bloating of the infant’s

 Must be feed “per demand” stomach
 Clean the areola before feeding ● To wipe out any microorganisms present
 Choose type of position that is in that area
comfortable
● To prevent any pressure sores
 Burp the baby
To get rid of some of the air that babies tend to
swallow during feeding

G. BURPING AN INFANT

Definition:
It is letting the baby to release out some air that the baby tends to swallow during the
feeding.
Purposes:
To release some air after the feeding of the baby
To make the baby comfortable
To prevent bloating

PROCEDURES:

ACTION RATIONALE

1. After feeding the baby, it is important to ● To get rid of some of the air that babies
burp the infant. Choose the position for tend to swallow during feeding.
burping the baby. ● they should be in a slightly upright position
so we can put pressure on their tummy.

2. Sit up straight and hold your baby against ● Patting their backs causes them to bring up
your chest. The baby’s chin should rest on that air, and well, burp
your shoulder as you support the baby with
one hand. With the other hand, gently pat
your baby’s back. Sitting in a rocking chair
and gently rocking your baby while you do
this may also help.

3. Hold your baby sitting up, in your lap or

across your knee. Support your baby’s
chest and head with one hand on your
baby’s chest. Use your other hand to pat
your baby’s back gently.
● Having this position can make the baby
burp easily
● Support the head and neck of the baby
because they still have weak muscles there
are possibilities that they flop forward and
backward their head.

4. Lay your baby on your lap or on his or her

belly. Support your baby’s head and make ● This position is also used for when the
sure it’s higher than his or her chest. baby is sleeping and still needs to burp up.
Gently pat your baby’s back
LEARNING INSIGHTS:

__ I have learned that taking care of an infant is never an easy procedure. You have to make sure you
meet all the needs of the infant and be mindful of your actions every time. An infant is a sensitive human
being and it must be taken seriously. So in the whole duration, I have to practice applying care or with
love in executing the procedure.

MARIE ASHLEY E. CASIA

________________________
Name & signature of the student Clinical Instructor’s signature

Revised 2nd semester 2015-2016

Maria Virginia JO-Tundag R.N., M.A.N