Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols.

94-96 (2011) pp 2084-2087 Online: 2011-09-08

© (2011) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.94-96.2084

Numerical simulation of square steel tube beam filled with

steel-reinforced high-strength concrete dynamic response under impact
load

Shunbo Li; Jun Yang; Chenxi Xia; Dayong Chen

(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing
100081, China)

Keywords: ANSYS/LS-DYNA; stress wave; STSRHC; numerical simulation

Abstract: Using ANSYS / LS-DYNA to study the dynamic response of square steel tube beam filled
with steel-reinforced high-strength concrete under impact loading at different speeds. The numerical
simulation results show that: At different conditions of speed, the concrete failure modes are
different. The combined action of Steel tube and steel flange makes the stress wave propagation
extremely complex in the beam, when the speed increased to a certain value, it made damage to the
internal steel flange and flange lateral concrete under impact load, while the concrete between the top
of steel flange and steel tube was protected by the combined action.

Introduction
Concrete has been widely used in the construction practice around the world despite the fact that it
has a relatively low tensile strength and weak deformation capability, the I-beam in the reinforced
concrete can improve the anti-shear behavior and anti-ductility of reinforced concrete [1-3]. STSRHC
(steel-reinforced high-strength concrete) has the character of high capacity, small size cross-section,
weak deformation and anti-seismic performance, its capacity of high strength bending has been
studied under static load [4-6]. Currently, few papers study about the effect of STSRHC under impact
loading. Now the numerical simulation of the STSRHC beams with fixed at both ends under impact
loading is studied in this paper.

Numerical simulation

Geometric model
Using solid element in ANSYS/LS-DYNA to establish the model , beam length is 2m, both of ends
are restrained , the I beam using I10, Beam size and beam position are in the Figure1, Pipe wall
thickness is 5mm. Impact block with radius is 25mm, the height of the cylinder is 100mm, Impact
block is in the middle of the beam, Impact speeds are 5m/s, 10 m/s, 15 m/s,20 m/s and 25 m/s
respectively, using the units of g-cm-us to calculate, take 1 / 4 model to calculate.
Material model and parameters
Steel tube, I-beam, impact block described by Johnson-cook model, the stress strain relationship
can be expressed as [7]

(
σ y = A + Bε
pn

) (1 + c ln ε ) (1 − T )
* *m
(1)
Where: A, B, C , n and m are material constants, ε p is the equivalent plastic strain, ε * = ε p ε 0 , T is
the corresponding temperature.

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 Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 94-96 2085

Table 1 The main parameters of Johnson-cook

ρ ( g ⋅ cm−3 ) E GPa µ A MPa B MPa C n m
7.85 210 0.22 910 580 0.016 0.26 1.03

Table 2 JHC model material parameters of concrete

ρ kg .m −3 A B N C f c GPa Smax G GPa D1 D2
2440 0.79 1.60 0.61 0.007 0.048 7.0 14.86 0.04 1.0
εf min
Pc GPa µc GPa k1 GPa k2 GPa k3 GPa P1 GPa T GPa µ1
0.01 0.016 0.001 85 -171 208 0.08 0.004 0.1

Concrete uses JHC dynamic damage model, which can reflect the dynamic response of brittle
materials such as the concrete under high strain rate and high confining pressure, as well as the failure
of the material damage [8].
 .

σ * =  A (1 − D ) + BP* N  1 − C ln ε *  (2)
 
Where, A is normalized cohesive strength, D is the damage factor(0≤D≤1), B is normalized pressure
hardening coefficient, p* = P f c/ Normalized pressure, which P is the actual pressure , f c/ is quasi-static
uneasily compressive strength of concrete, N is pressure hardening exponent, C strain rate
coefficient, ε * = ε ε 0 dimensionless strain rate, which ε is the actual strain rate, the ε 0 is reference
strain rate. Damage factor D can be got by the equivalent plastic strain and plastic volumetric strain
accumulation
∆ ε p + ∆µ p
D=∑ (3)
D1 ( p* + T * )
D2

Where, ∆ε p is equivalent plastic strain increment, ∆µ p is equivalent volumetric strain, D1 and D2 are
Damage constant, T * = T f c ′ Which T is the largest anti-hydrostatic pressure of concrete.

Numerical results
Figure 2 shows the fitting curve of kinetic and potential energy peak of concrete at different speed
conditions, it can be seen from that, the kinetic and potential energy increased as the speed boosts,
under the same speed, the potential energy is bigger than the kinetic energy. In the process of the
concrete cracks expansion, Mechanical energy and surface energy play a key role, Mechanical energy
includes the kinetic and potential energy, with the expansion of the crack, the mechanical energy
appears decreasing. In order to achieve the energy balance, the concrete surface energy should show
an increasing trend. As the load and surface energy increases, the damage situation of concrete
becomes more and more serious.
Fig 3 shows that at 15m / s, the concrete at the top of both beam ends gets stepped damage and
products cracks along the top of I-beam, the concrete in the junction of top and bottom side from
I-beam appears a hollow deteriorate the damage institution. At 20m / s, the hole of the concrete
extends along the I-beam web. The speed increases further, the external edge of the concrete gets
damage, but the concrete at the flange near the top of I-beam is not damaged, and the concrete at the
flange near the bottom of I-beam is damaged. When the speed increases to 15m / s later, the concrete
at the flange of the I-beam top is not damaged.
2086 Advances in Structural Engineering

90

80
R2 = 0.9998
Kinetic Energy
70
Internal Energy
60

Energy(J)
50

40

30

20
R2 = 0.9997
10

0
2.5 7.5 12.5 17.5 22.5 27.5
Velocity(m/s)

Fig 1 Beam dimension(unit:mm) Fig 2 Concrete energy fitting curve under

different velocity

(a)5m/s (b)10m/s (c )15m/s

(d)20m/s (e)25m/s
Fig 3 The concrete damage under different velocity

Conclusions
In this paper, through the numerical simulation of square steel tube beam filled with
steel-reinforced high-strength concrete under different impact velocities, it shows: Because of Steel
tube and steel, the Stress wave propagation is influenced heavily, Makes the stress wave much more
complex in the square steel tube beam filled with steel-reinforced high-strength concrete propagation.
The presence of Steel tube and steel can accelerate concrete damage under shock loads of steel flange
lateral and internal. However, it can protect the concrete between the flange at the top of steel and
steel tube.
 Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 94-96 2087

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Advances in Structural Engineering
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.94-96

Numerical Simulation of Square Steel Tube Beam Filled with Steel-Reinforced High-Strength Concrete
Dynamic Response under Impact Load
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.94-96.2084

DOI References
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tubular columns filled with steel-reinforced concrete[J]. Engineering Structures, 2004, 26(7): 907―915.
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