Factors influencing the selection of motors:

1. Nature of mechanical load:

a) Loads whose torque remains constant irrespective of speed .eg: cranes and hoists

b) Loads whose torque increase with square of speed .eg: fans and blowers.

C)Loads whose torque increases linearly with speed . eg:fluid friction where lubricant is used.

d) Loads whose torque decreases with speed .eg: grinders, sheering and crushing machines.
2. Matching of speed torque characteristics of load and motor:
a) We have to select a motor in such a way that the two characteristics (motors & load) should
intersect approximately at 90deg. In order to have slight speed change. If any variations such as
voltage or frequency variations occurs. If intersection is less than 90 deg. The variation in speed
is more.
T
T
Tl Tm Tl
Curve Curve shifted
shifted due Large due to
to variation change variation
in speed

Tm
N
N
Small change
in speed Small change
in speed

b) Characteristics of motor should be such that the torque should decrease with increase in speed
and it should increase with decrease in speed .to have a stable operation. Consider the following
ch., if speed is increased from nr to n1 the point ‘a’ is shifted to b’ where motor torque is less
than load. Therefore the motor decelerate the load and the operation is brought back to ‘a’.
similarly the speed decreases from Nr to N2, ‘a’ is shifted to c where the motor torque is greater
than load torque .Therefore accelerate the load and point ‘c’ is shifted again to ‘a’. Therefore
point ‘a’ is stable operating point.
T
Tl

b a is stable
a

c
Tm
N
N2 Nr N1

On the other hand in the following graph the point ‘a’ is not stable point as any variation of
speed does not bring the operation back to ‘a’ point.
 T
Tl Tm

a a is unstable

N2 Nr N1

C ) starting and breaking conditions of load (dynamic) :

Rotor heat loss is determined by starting and breaking time. If they are more ,then heat loss will
be more . So, we have to choose the motor with quick starting and breaking time or we have to
choose the motor which can withstand the heat produce.

3. Nature of Load:
a. continuous constant load :

This type of load is operated continuously for a duration which is long enough to reach its steady state
value of temperature.

Single phase/ three phase induction motors and DC shunt motors can be used.

Examples: Paper mill drives , Compressors Conveyors, Centrifugal pumps and Fans ,

b. continuous variable load/ Continuous duty with intermittent periodic loading

This type of drive operation consists a period of running at constant load and a period of running at no
load with normal voltage to the excitation winding in separately excited machines.

single phase/ three phase induction motors and DC compound motors, universal motors can be used

Examples: Pressing Cutting Shearing and Drilling machine drives,

c. short time load

In this type drive operation, Time of operation is less than heating time constant and motor is allowed to
cool off to room temperature before it is operated again

This type of duty can be accomplished by single phase/ three phase induction motors and DC shunt
motors, DC series motors, universal motors.

Examples: Crane drives , Drives for house hold appliances Turning bridges Sluice gate drives Valve
drives and Machine tool drives.
d. Pulsating load/ Intermittent periodic load

In this type drive operation, It consists of a different periods of duty cycles I.e. a period of rest and a
period of running, a period of starting, a period of braking.

This type of duty can be accomplished by single phase/ three phase induction motors and DC shunt
motors, universal motors.

Examples: Pressing Cutting Drilling machine drives.

Continuous duty with intermittent periodic loading:

This type of drive operation consists a period of running at constant load and a period of running at no
load with normal voltage to the excitation winding in separately excited machines

This type of duty can be accomplished by single phase/ three phase induction motors and DC compound
motors, universal motors.

Examples: Pressing Cutting Shearing and Drilling machine drives.

4. Source availability:
a. Ac source

If source available is AC, AC motor is used

b. Dc source

If source available is AC, AC motor is used

5. Location and environment

We have to choose the motors to withstand the environmental factors. If the environment is
explosive then we should not use the Dc motor.

6. Speed Control
We have to choose the moor whose speed can be varied easily for variable speed application

7. Economic factors :
We have to choose the motor without affecting the cost factors.