Relations and Functions

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Review
 A relation between two variables x and
y is a set of ordered pairs
 An ordered pair consist of a x and y-
coordinate
 A relation may be viewed as ordered pairs,
mapping design, table, equation, or written
in sentences
 x-values are inputs, domain,
independent variable
 y-values are outputs, range,
dependent variable

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 Example 1

{(0,  5), (1,  4), ( 2,  3), ( 3,  2), (4,  1), (5, 0)}

What is the domain?

•

{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What is the range?
{-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}
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Example 2

Input 4 –5 0 9 –1

Output –2 7

•What is the domain?

{4, -5, 0, 9, -1}
•What is the range?

{-2, 7}
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 Is a relation a function?

What is a function?
According to the textbook, “a
function is…a relation in
which every input is paired
with exactly one output”

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 Is a relation a function?
• Focus on the x-coordinates, when given a relation

If the set of ordered pairs have different x-

coordinates,
it IS A function

If the set of ordered pairs have same x-coordinates,

it is NOT a function

•Y-coordinates have no bearing in determining

functions

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 Example 3
{(0,  5), (1,  4), (2,  3), ( 3,  2), (4,  1), (5, 0)}

• Is this a function?
•Hint: Look only at the x-

coordinates

YES

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 Example 4
{(–1,  7), (1, 0), ( 2,  3), (0,  8), (0, 5), (–2,  1)}
• Is this a function?
•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates

NO

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Example 5
Which mapping represents a
function?
Choice One Choice Two
3 –1 2 2
1 2 –1 3
0 3 3 –2
0

Choice 1
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Example 6
Which mapping represents a function?

A. B.

B
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 Example 7
Which situation represents a function?

a. The items in a store to their prices

on a certain date
b. Types of fruits to their colors
There is only one price for each
different item on a certain date.
The relation from items to price
makes it a function.
A fruit, such as an apple, from
the domain would be associated
with more than one color, such
as red and green. The relation
from types of fruits to their
colors is not a function.

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 Vertical Line Test
•Vertical Line Test: a relation is a function if
a vertical line drawn through its graph, passes
through only one point.

AKA: “The Pencil Test”

Take a pencil and move it from left to right
(–x to x); if it crosses more than one point, it
is not a function

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Vertical Line Test

Would
this graph
be a
function?
YES
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Vertical Line Test

Would
this graph
be a
function?
NO
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Is the following function
discrete or continuous? What
is the Domain? What is the
Range?
Discrete



-7, 1, 5, 7, 8, 10
1, 0, -7, 5, 2, 8




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Is the following function
discrete or continuous? What
is the Domain? What is the
Range?

continuous

  8,8
 


  6,6
 

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Is the following function
discrete or continuous? What
is the Domain? What is the
Range?

continuous

 0,45
 

 10,70
 

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Is the following function
discrete or continuous? What
is the Domain? What is the
Range?
discrete

 -7, -5, -3, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7
 

 2, 3, 4, 5, 7

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Domain and Range in Real Life
The number of shoes in x pairs of shoes can be
expressed by the equation y = 2x.

What subset of the real numbers makes

sense for the domain?

Whole numbers

What would make sense for the

range of the function?

Zero and the even

numbers

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Domain and Range in Real Life
The number of shoes in x pairs of shoes can be
expressed by the equation y = 2x.

What is the independent variable?

The # of pairs of shoes.

What is the dependent variable?

The total # of shoes.

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Mr. Landry is driving to his hometown. It takes four
hours to get there. The distance he travels at any time,
t, is represented by the function d = 55t (his average
speed is 55mph.

Write an inequality that represents the domain in real

life.
0 x 4
Write an inequality that represents the range in real
life.
0 y 220

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Mr. Landry is driving to his hometown. It takes four
hours to get there. The distance he travels at any time,
t, is represented by the function d = 55t (his average
speed is 55mph.

What is the independent variable?

The time that he drives.
What is the dependent variable?

The total distance traveled.

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Johnny bought at most 10 tickets to a concert for him
and his friends. The cost of each ticket was $12.50.
Complete the table below to list the possible domain
and range.
           
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
           
12.5 25.0 37.5
0 0 0 50 62.5 75 87.5 100 112.5 12
0 0 0 5
What is the independent variable?
The number of tickets bought.
What is the dependent variable?
The total cost of the tickets.

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Pete’s Pizza Parlor charges $5 for a large pizza with no
toppings. They charge an additional $1.50 for each of
their 5 specialty toppings (tax is included in the price).

Jorge went to pick up his order. They said his total bill
was $9.50. Could this be correct? Why or why not?

Yes One pizza with 3 toppings cost $9.50

Susan went to pick up her order. They said she owed

$10.25. Could this be correct? Why or why not?

No One pizza with 4 toppings cost $11

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Pete’s Pizza Parlor charges $5 for a large pizza with no
toppings. They charge an additional $1.50 for each of
their 5 specialty toppings (tax is included in the price).

What is the independent variable?

The number of toppings

What is the dependent variable?

The cost of the pizza

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Function Notation
f(x) means function of x and is read “f of x.”

f(x) = 2x + 1 is written in function notation.

The notation f(1) means to replace x with 1 resulting in

the function value.

f(1) = 2x + 1
f(1) = 2(1) + 1
f(1) = 3

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Function Notation
Given g(x) = x2 – 3, find g(-2) .

g(-2) = x2 – 3
g(-2) = (-2)2 – 3
g(-2) = 1

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 Function Notation
Given f(x) = 2 x2  3 x , the following.

a. f(3) b. 3f(x) c. f(3x)

f(3) = 2x2 – 3x 3f(x) = 3(2x2 – 3x) f(3x) = 2x2 – 3x

f(3) = 2(3)2 – 3(3) 3f(x) = 6x2 – 9x f(3x) = 2(3x)2 – 3(3x)
f(3) = 2(9) - 9 f(3x) = 2(9x2) – 3(3x)
f(3) = 9 f(3x) = 18x2 – 9x

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For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),

f(0) = 3

f(1.5) = 4

f(-4) = 4

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For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),

f(0) = 1

f(1.5) = 3

f(-4) =1

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For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),

f(0) = -5

f(1.5) = 1

f(-4) =1

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