GENERAL MATHEMATICS

FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS

Think of a function as an input-output machine.

Activity 1.1.1 LET’S INVESTIGATE

A group of students is organizing a World Cuisine Festival. The total cost for the food and other
expenses for the festival is Php 18,000. The entrance ticket to the festival costs Php 350 each. How many
tickets must be sold for them to make a profit of Php 35,500?

In many real-life situations, there are quantities that depend on one or more variables. For example,
the amount of salary an employee receives in a month depends on the number of days he or she
works, the monthly electricity bill of a household is determined by the number of kilowatts it
consumed for a given month. In mathematics, the relationship between two distinct quantities
based on a definite rule is referred to as FUNCTION.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Definition of a Relation
 A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a
second set of values (called the range)
 A relation is a set of ordered pairs [x,y]
Definition of a Function
 It is a relation define as a set of ordered pairs [x,y] where no two or distinct ordered
pairs have the same first element [x]
 A special relationship where each input has a single output
 Every value of x corresponds to a unique value of y
1. One of the primary moral values that is advocated and taught by the Catholic Church is
the blessedness of marriage vow. It aims to promote happy marriage between a Living
Catholic man and a Catholic woman who have entered into a marriage contract, that is,
one-man-one-woman relationship. These are just some of the situations that use the
concept of one-to-one relationships.
Examples :
Illustrations below are examples of a function

Is it a function or not, why?

GENERAL MATHEMATICS MRS. MEJOY M. MARBIDA 8/19/2020 Page 1

 What is the What makes a function distinct from a
difference between
relation? Are all functions considered
a function and
relation? relations? Or, are all relations considered
functions?

Both relations and functions are rules that describes associations between quantities. But
many real-world situations follow exact rules, which can be modeled by functions. Knowing
these functions and relations allow us to solve a great deal of real-life problems and to
make decisions analytically .

GENERAL MATHEMATICS MRS. MEJOY M. MARBIDA 8/19/2020 Page 2

Which of the following relations are functions?
f = {(2,3), (1,2), (4,7), (6,9)}
g = {(2,9), (3,11), (5,13), (7,15)}
h = {(5,9), (10,7), (11,12), (5,8)}
Solution
The relations f and g are functions because no two ordered pairs have
the same x-value but different y-values. Meanwhile, h is not a function because (5,9), and (5,8)
are ordered pairs with the same x-value but different y-values.
Relations and functions can be represented by mapping diagrams where the elements of the domain
are mapped to the elements of the range using arrows.

VERTICAL LINE TEST

 It is a visual way to determine if a curve is a graph of function or not.
 A function using the Vertical Line Test can only have one output, y, for each unique
input x.

What is the difference between a function and relation? If a Vertical Line intersects intersects a
curve on an xy-plane more than once then for one value of x the curve has more than one value of
y, and so the curve does not represent a function
Which of the following can be graphs of functions?

A B C D

Solution
Functions in the group are a and d because value of x intersect with only one value of y.
Meanwhile, b and c does not represent a function because a value of x intersects with more
than value of y.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS MRS. MEJOY M. MARBIDA 8/19/2020 Page 3