ASSIGNMENT ON CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS 2021

MEMBERS:
- HÀ QUÂN PHI -15CNA03- ID:411253151119- LEADER (to be replaced with your name and ID)
- TRƯƠNG THỊ NHƯ KHÁNH- 15CNA07- ID: 411257151109 (to be replaced with your name and
ID)
- NGUYỄN THỊ THÚY- 15CNA09- ID: 411259151129 (to be replaced with your name and ID)

TASK 1 Hierarchy of difficulty

Provide your own examples for each of the level of difficulty and write your recommendation or
prediction or hypotheses about the level(s) that may cause significant difficulty for the Vietnamese
learners of English.

Level Claim Your own examples Your prediction

Level 0 There is no difference My wife makes me The Vietnamese
Transfer between two languages as far feel happy learners of English
as the certain item is everyday/ Vợ của may have no
concerned. Hence, there is no tôi khiến tôi cảm dificulties in
barrier for the learner and he thấy hạnh phúc mỗi performing
can transfer without any ngày structure “make
difficulty a certain sound, s.b do s.t” in
lexical item , structure English
Level 1 This is when two items in one
Coalescence language become one item or
equivalent in other language .
In this case the learner must
put aside the item which he
adapted and forget about it
while he is using the other
language.
Level 2 This is a case in which an item
Underdifferentiation from native language is not
present in the target
language . The learner must
avoid this item
Level 3 An item that is present in
Reinterpretation native language has a new
form or distribution in target
language. Example: tenses in
Serbian language are used in a
different way and there isn’t
the same number of tenses.
Level 4 This is a case when we have a
Overdifferentiation completely new item which
 does not exist or it has little or
no similarity to any item in the
other language. In this
scenario the learner must
adopt the new language item.
Level 5 Split This is when one item in native
language become two or even
more items in the target
language , which forces the
learner to make a new
difference between items.

TASK 2 Negative transfer/Interference

Examine the sentences in the box on the box below and answer the following questions.
i) Identify the cause of error of transfer (lexical or structural) in the each of the following
sentences;
ii) Write the intended correct sentences in the box on the right.
 You are asked to identify the kind of error and point out the negative transfer of the
word/structure, e.g. Có has
Erroneous sentences Cause of error of transfer Intended Correct Sentences
My family has five people. Kind of error: lexical error There are five
Có has members/persons in my family.

Although he was so tired, but he -kind of error: structural error Although he was so tired, ∅ he
still kept working. Mặc dù...nhưng  although... but still kept working.

I lost two hours to finish this

work.
I forgot my book at home.
I very like Coca Cola.
Mary is a young beautiful girl.
A modern big brick house.
He’s tall 1,7metres.
She’s different with her sister.
Don’t fear
The film is boring and Brad Pitt
is a boring man.
Almost people came to the
party.
I’ll take all two shirts.
All is yours.
I’ve lost all.
All child needs love.
It is not allowed to smoke.
She nearly sounds foreign.
She’s dentist.
You’ve made a very good
progress
Don’t ask me money.
Don’t ask me for my name.
It’s 37 kilos heavy
The river is 10 meters large
Because I liked him, so I tried to
help him.
I struck her by a flower
I had some strange experiences
in his military service.
I forgot not to mail the letter.
Nobody didn’t praise him.
I forbid you not to make noise
here.
In Da Lat in the summer often
has foggy.
You behave that way is very
correct.
Because he reckless, so
he caused an accident terrible
Where did you cut your hair?
Have you heard the newest
news?
Good morning Teacher Hung!
I think he is not smart.
I cut my hair at the barber’s
shop.
Welcome you to China.
Event if she has time, she
would’t also want to see him.

TASK 3 Analyzing/comparsing source sentence and translatinal equivalents in TL

Vietnamese sentence(s) Possible equivalents in English
1. Tôi bắt cô ấy đứng thẳng lên I made her stand up straight
2. Tôi duỗi thẳng cánh tay I straightened my arm
3. Con sông chảy thẳng dòng The river straightened

a. Identify the causative verb type of English translational equivalents for

the Vietnamese causative verb (làm/bắt đứng thẳng lên) in terms of
morphological, syntatic, lexical categories:
Types of Syntactic/analytic Morphological Lexical
causative verb
Make sb stand
up straight
Straighten s.th
straighten
b. Type of causative verbs in English (mentioned in b.) has most similarities
in terms of syntactic features (word order, sentence element, numbe of
words/morphemes) as those in Vietnames:

……
c. The similarities between this type of causative verb (mentioned in c.) in
English and Vietnamese:
Subject Causative verb Object Complement

Causer Causative process Causee Resulting state

4. Sức nóng khiến cho tuyết tan chảy.

a. Possible equivalents in English
- The heat makes the snow melt
- The heat softens the snow
- The heat melts the snow
b. Identify the causative verb type of English translational equivalents for the
Vietnamese causative verb (khiến tan chảy) in terms of morphological, syntatic,
lexical categories:
Types of Syntactic/analytic Morphological Lexical
causative verb
 Make s.t melt
Soften s.t
Melt s.t
c. Type of causative verbs in English (mentioned in b.) has most similarities
in terms of syntactic features (word order, sentence element, numbe of
words/morphemes) as those in Vietnames:

…..
d. The similarities between this type of causative verb (mentioned in c.) in
English and Vietnamese:
Subject Causative verb Object Complement
Sức nóng
The heat
Causer Causative process Causee Resulting state

5. Gió mát làm cho anh ấy bình tĩnh lại

a. Possible equivalents in English
- The cool wind made him calm down
- The cool wind mildened him
- The cool wind calmed him down
b. Identify the causative verb type of English translational equivalents for the
Vietnamese causative verb (khiến tan chảy) in terms of morphological, syntatic,
lexical categories:
Types of Syntactic/analytic Morphological Lexical
causative verb
Make s.b calm +
down
Milden s.b +
Calm s.b down +
c. Type of causative verbs in English (mentioned in b.) has most similarities
in terms of syntactic features (word order, sentence element, numbe of
words/morphemes) as those in Vietnames:
……

d. The similarities between this type of causative verb (mentioned in c.) in

English and Vietnamese:
Subject Causative verb Object Complement
Gió mát
The cool wind
Causer Causative process Causee Resulting state