PART 4 SOCIAL

AND CULTURAL
ISSUES
SOC SCI 1 ASSESSMENT

Submitted to: Ma'am

Submitted by: Jessaine
Normie Pabinal
Julliane C. Serquina
2-BSEA
Social and Cultural
Issues
Education - INEFFECTIVENESS
OF ONLINE LEARNING
Environment - Improper
garbage disposal.
Health- Teenage pregnancy.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES-
Discrimination
PEACE AND CONFLICT - POVERTY
 Education
ineffectiveness of online learning

a. background of the study

Due to the COVID-19 Outbreak, students are forced to dismiss face to face
classes in order to avoid transmitting the Corona Virus Disease which resulted to
the current type of learning or the "Online or Virtual learning" to sustain
education. Although, after a year of online learning, students find it ineffective
and difficult to adapt with just online classes and modular activities given that
they are not able to attain a proper education which requires the active
presence of a teacher and not just viewed on screen.
 Education
ineffectiveness of online learning

b. Results or effects to the community

- Students are just complying and attending their online classes regardless of effectiveness or
the amount of learning they attain because they don’t have a choice especially with the
pandemic.
Although online courses are not as beneficial as in-person ones, they are clearly preferable to
none at all. Students, particularly those with fewer resources at home, learn less while they are
not in school, according to a considerable research foundation built by Karl Alexander at Johns
Hopkins University and many others. Virtual courses are already allowing students to access
lessons and exercises as well as engage with lecturers in ways that would have been difficult even
a decade or two ago if an outbreak had shuttered schools. So, while we may be wary of online
learning, now is the moment to embrace it and develop it.
Source: https://www.edweek.org/technology/opinion-how-effective-is-online-learning-what-the-
research-does-and-doesnt-tell-us/2020/03

 Education
ineffectiveness of online learning

c. Factors that contribute to the issue

Here are the key points adding to the ineffectiveness of distance learning
Not good for mental health – students are unmotivated to study.

students didn’t learn as much – students aren’t able to practice any related profession
properly.

According to an online survey conducted by the multisectoral group Movement for Safe,
Equitable, Quality, and Relevant Education (SEQuRE), 86.7 percent of students in modular
learning, 66 percent in online learning, and 74 percent in blended learning said they "learned
less" than in traditional face-to-face settings.

Not enough gadgets – lack of computers/gadgets for online learning. Problem with the
quantity and quality magnified by the pandemic.

Source: https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/distance-learning-philippines-assessment-
2020-2021/

 Education
ineffectiveness of online learning

d. Means by which such issues

are addressed.

Proposing face-to-face classes targeted by January 2021.

e. Personal views or analysis of the said issue

- As a student, I believe that learning in an online class differs

significantly from learning in a face-to-face class because the
presence of the teacher and your environment with classmates, as
well as conducting practices with proper equipment, are required
because students must actually experience it in order to learn
effectively.

f. Photos to describe the background and

results or effects of the issue.
 Environment
IMPROPER GARBAGE DISPOSAL

a. background of the study

Pollution of the soil, water, and air may all occur as a result of inappropriate
waste disposal when any of these becomes polluted with hazardous compounds.
This not only contributes to the generation of greenhouse gas emissions, but it
also has a considerable negative impact on marine and animal life.

source: https://www.junk-king.com/locations/marin/2017/08/09/improper-waste-
disposal-has-dangerous-
effects/#:~:text=Soil%2C%20water%20and%20air%20pollution,harm%20to%20m
arine%20and%20wildlife.
 Environment
IMPROPER GARBAGE DISPOSAL

b. Results or effects to the community

Pollution of the soil, water, and air may all occur as a result of inappropriate
waste disposal when any of these becomes polluted with hazardous compounds.
This not only contributes to the generation of greenhouse gas emissions, but it
also has a considerable negative impact on marine and animal life.

source: https://www.junk-king.com/locations/marin/2017/08/09/improper-waste-
disposal-has-dangerous-
effects/#:~:text=Soil%2C%20water%20and%20air%20pollution,harm%20to%20m
arine%20and%20wildlife.
 Environment
IMPROPER GARBAGE DISPOSAL

c. Factors that contribute to the issue

Here are the key points adding to the ineffectiveness of distance learning
Throwing garbage everywhere
Not practicing proper waste management.
Littering on the streets/pathways.
Not recycling and reusing materials especially plastics
Burning plastics.
 Environment
IMPROPER GARBAGE DISPOSAL

d. Means by which such issues are addressed.

Conducting GO GREEN GO CLEAN project to the community.

Conducting a seminar or program to the students about RRR

Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle

One of the concepts that was introduced into solid waste management was that of the
“hierarchy of waste management” also known as the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle).
 Environment
IMPROPER GARBAGE DISPOSAL

e. Personal views or analysis of the said issue

- I think this issue will be unending and will always serve as a threat and a reminder to humans to
conserve our environment and practice proper waste management because nowadays, global
warming is very much felt. Pollution is causing too much destruction to our ozone layer. We,
humans should take full responsibility of our actions because the consequences will lead us to
losing our mother earth and the future generation will suffer. It will possibly be the end of
humanity.
f. Photos to describe the background and
results or effects of the issue.
HEALTH
TEENAGE PREGNANCY.
a. Background of the Study
Teenage pregnancy can cause serious health and social issues, as well as physical and
psychosocial effects for the teenager and society as a whole. It inhibits youth from reaching their
full potential and exercising their essential human rights, for example. Teenage pregnancy has a
negative impact on future earning prospects and can lead to poverty for the rest of one's life. Such
negative consequences last a teenager's whole life and are passed down to the next generation.
Most importantly, it leads to fast population growth, particularly in countries where contraception is
not widely used, and raises individual lifetime fertility. The socio-demographic, family, cultural, and
reproductive behavior elements that contribute to adolescent pregnancy are numerous and
complicated. Living in rural areas, not attending school, early marriage, lack of communication
between parents and adolescents about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues, teenage
educational level, and family history of teenage pregnancy are all factors linked to teenage
pregnancy, according to various studies.
Source: https://www.dovepress.com/teenage-pregnancy-and-its-associated-factors-in-eastern-
ethiopia-a-com-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJWH
HEALTH
TEENAGE PREGNANCY.
b. Results or effects to the community

Adolescent girls' pregnancy can have major social and economic consequences for the girls, their
families, and their communities. Parents and peers may treat unmarried pregnant teenagers with
humiliation, rejection, and threats of violence. Girls under the age of 18 who become pregnant are
also more likely to be subjected to domestic abuse.

Source: https://plan-international.org/sexual-health/teenage-pregnancy
HEALTH
TEENAGE PREGNANCY.
c. Factors that contribute to the issue.

Lack of information about sexual and reproductive health and rights

Inadequate access to services tailored to young people
Family, community and social pressure to marry
Sexual violence
Child, early and forced marriage, which can be both a cause and a consequence
Lack of education or dropping out of school

Source: https://plan-international.org/sexual-health/teenage-pregnancy
HEALTH
TEENAGE PREGNANCY.
d. Means by which such issues are addressed.

1) Create a community-based plan that involves school sex education with parent, religious, and
community organizations.
2) Increasing adolescent contraceptive awareness.
3) Counseling and medical and psychological health, education, and nutrition for mothers and
fathers to minimize low birth weight newborns and school dropout rates.
HEALTH
TEENAGE PREGNANCY.
e. Personal views or analysis of the said issue

I think this social problem needs to be addressed more often because it does not only affect the
community, but also the entirety of the adolescent's life and future. Having an offspring while
unplanned, unstable, and unfinished with education is very complicated and difficult since family
planning should be taken seriously. Students should be provided with seminars regarding the topic
about awareness in reproductive health because in my view, adolescents are just curious and lack
with parental guidance in this type of issue since this matter is "disturbing" or "awkward" when in
fact, this issue should be more discussed and focused on because as they say we cannot fix a
broken glass, "regret is always at the end".
HEALTH
TEENAGE PREGNANCY.
f. Photos to describe the background and results or effects of the issue.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
DISCRIMINATION

A. Background of the Study

More than 5.000 unique peoples make up the world's indigenous population, which is estimated to number
370 million people living in more than 70 nations. Despite accounting for only 5% of the global population,
indigenous peoples account for 15% of the world's poorest people1. Indigenous peoples suffer several
problems, and their human rights are regularly violated: they are denied authority over their own
development based on their own beliefs, needs, and goals; they are underrepresented in politics; and they
lack access to social and other services. They are frequently ignored when it comes to enterprises that touch
their territories, and they have been forced to relocate as a result of endeavors such as natural resource
extraction. Since the first Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination in 1973-1982, the United
Nations has addressed the issue of discrimination against indigenous peoples. In a draft Declaration on the
Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations highlighted the
needs and aspirations of indigenous peoples in 1982. As a result, the United Nations General Assembly
adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in September 2007. The Declaration has quickly
become a significant tool for promoting and protecting indigenous peoples' rights.

source: https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/Discrimination/Pages/discrimination_indigenous.aspx
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
DISCRIMINATION

b. Results or effects to the community

Indigenous peoples are frequently neglected
and discriminated against in judicial systems
across the world, making them even more
vulnerable to violence and abuse. Indigenous
human rights activists who speak out endure
intimidation and violence, which is frequently
backed up by the government. Individuals may
also be physically assaulted and killed just for
belonging to an Indigenous group.

source: hhttps://www.amnesty.org/en/what-
we-do/indigenous-peoples/
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
DISCRIMINATION

c. Factors that contribute to the issue.

Indigenous Peoples are politically under-represented and lack access to social and
other services. They are often marginalized when it comes to projects affecting their
lands and have been the victims of forced displacement as a result of ventures such as
the exploitation of natural resources.

source:
hhttps://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/Discrimination/Pages/discrimination_indigenous.as
px
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
DISCRIMINATION

d. Means by which such issues are addressed.

Activities of the United Nations

The UN has established various mechanisms for promoting and protecting the rights of
indigenous peoples that contribute to combating discrimination against them:
The Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues was created to advise the UN and specifically to
raise awareness and promote the coordination of activities in this field.
The Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of
indigenous people has a mandate to gather, request, receive and exchange information on
alleged violations of their human rights.
The Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples provides the Human Rights Council
with advice and thematic expertise on the rights of indigenous peoples.

source: hhttps://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/Discrimination/Pages/discrimination_indigenous.aspx
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
DISCRIMINATION

e. Personal views or analysis of the said issue.

I think people should learn to respect and stop discrimination

regardless of culture, race, ethnicity, and religion because we are all
equal and that we should respect them because Indigenous Peoples
are more dedicated and active in taking care of our land wherein
they submit themselves to "environmental care protection" as their
way of life. In fact, we should give credit to them because they are
part of preserving nature.
f. Photos to describe the background and results or effects of the issue.
 With more than 16 percent of the population living
Peace in poverty, the Philippines has a pretty high
poverty rate. About 17.6 million Filipinos are

and
unable to buy basic essentials due to the large
number of individuals who rely on agriculture for a
living and wealth disparity. Poverty decreased

Conflict
from 21.6 percent to 16.6 percent between 2015
and 2020. President Rodrigo Duterte of the
Philippines wants to decrease poverty to 14% by
2022. The Philippine government's AmBisyon 2040
POVERTY initiative aims to eliminate severe poverty by 2040.
Furthermore, the government has adopted a
number of initiatives and reforms aimed at
a. Background of the Study reducing poverty, particularly in the areas of
education, healthcare, and the economy as a
whole. Here are five ways the program is helping
the Philippines fight poverty.

source: https://borgenproject.org/tag/poverty-in-
the-philippines/
Peace
and
Conflict
POVERTY The Philippines' poverty and lack of economic
possibilities, many Filipinos are unable to afford
housing, putting them at risk of sleeping on the
b. Results or effects to the streets. In the Philippines, extreme poverty
impacted 19.2% of the population, or roughly 18.4
community
million people, in 2012.

source: https://borgenproject.org/tag/poverty-in-
the-philippines/
 Causes of Poverty
The main causes of poverty in the country include
the following:
low to moderate economic growth for the past
40 years;
low growth elasticity of poverty reduction;
weakness in employment generation and the
quality of jobs generated;

Peace
failure to fully develop the agriculture sector;
high inflation during crisis periods;
high levels of population growth;

and
high and persistent levels of inequality
(incomes and assets), which dampen the
positive impacts of economic expansion; and

Conflict recurrent shocks and exposure to risks such as

economic crisis, conflicts, natural disasters,and
"environmental poverty."
POVERTY
source: https://www.adb.org/publications/poverty-
c. Factors that contribute to philippines-causes-constraints-and-opportunities
the issue.
Peace
and
Conflict
Create job fairs/ provide jobs with less standards in
POVERTY educational attainment requirement
Raise the minimum wage.
Increase the income taxes for childless workers.
d. Means by which such issues Provide paid leave and paid sick days.
Support pay equity.
are addressed

source: https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-top-
10-solutions-to-cut-poverty-and-grow-the-middle-class/
 I think Poverty is the most ceaseless issue that
exists in the community. This issue will end if there
will be given more opportunities and people will
learn to grab opportunities in order to create

Peace changes that will submit to development. I believe

offering jobs, providing justice to employers
income tax, and abolishing the act of corruption

and will lead to a better future for our country's

economy and for Filipinos to have stability in the
future.
Conflict
POVERTY

e. Personal views or analysis of

the said issue.
f. Photos to describe the background and results or
effects of the issue.
 REFERENCES
Loeb, S. (2020). “How Effective Is Online Learning? What the Research Does and Doesn’t Tell Us”. Education Week. Retrieved from URL:
https://www.edweek.org/technology/opinion-how-effective-is-online-learning-what-the-research-does-and-doesnt-tell-us/2020/03

Magsambol, B. (2021). “Distance learning in the Philippines: A year of hits and misses”. Rappler. Retrieved from URL:
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/distance-learning-philippines-assessment-2020-2021/

Junk King (n.d). Improper Waste Disposal is a Deadly Practice. Junk-King. Retrieved from URL:
https://www.junk-king.com/locations/marin/2017/08/09/improper-waste-disposal-has-dangerous-
effects/#:~:text=Soil%2C%20water%20and%20air%20pollution,harm%20to%20marine%20and%20wildlife.
Mezmur, H. (2020). Teenage Pregnancy and Its Associated Factors in Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Study. Dovepress. Retrieved
from URL: https://www.dovepress.com/teenage-pregnancy-and-its-associated-factors-in-eastern-ethiopia-a-com-peer-reviewed-
fulltext-article-IJWH

Plan International (n.d). Teenage Pregnancy. Plan International. Retrieved from URL: https://plan-international.org/sexual-
health/teenage-pregnancy
United Nations Human Rights (n.d). Combating Discrimination against Indigenous Peoples. United Nations Human Rights Office of the
High Commissioner. Retrieved from URL: https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/Discrimination/Pages/discrimination_indigenous.aspx

Amnesty International (n.d). Indigenous Peoples. Amnesty International. Retrieved from URL: https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-
do/indigenous-peoples/

Asian Development Bank (2009). Poverty in the Philippines: Causes, Constraints and Opportunities. Asian Development Bank. Retrieved
from URL: https://www.adb.org/publications/poverty-philippines-causes-constraints-and-opportunities

Vallas, R. et al., (2014). The Top 10 Solutions to Cut Poverty and Grow the Middle Class. American Progress. Retrieved from URL:
https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-top-10-solutions-to-cut-poverty-and-grow-the-middle-class/