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Summary
Ionic bonding occurs from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Ionic bonds
require an electron donor and an electron acceptor. The electron donor is typically a metal,
which transfers its electrons and forms a positively charged ion (cation). The electron acceptor
is typically a nonmetal, which accepts the metal's electrons to form a negatively charged ion
(anion).
- + -
Everyday Ionic Compounds - +
+
- + -
Ionic compounds are formed from ionic bonds that hold
+ - +
them together. Check out the ionic compounds that you
- + -
probably use every day! + - +
- + -
+ - +
NaF Ingredient in toothpaste, added to -
- +
water supplies to promote healthy teeth
Table salt Ionic compounds are composed of
KI If your salt label reads "iodized table salt," cations and anions. These
it contains KI. Promotes healthy thyroid
oppositely charged ions form a
function.
crystal lattice structure to optimize
NaHCO3 Otherwise known as "baking soda."
Used for all purpose cooking and cleaning. their attractionto one another. This
results in a highly stable compound
Properties of Ionic Compounds when in its solid form. When
immersed in water, this crystal
Form a crystal lattice structure due to strong lattice structure breaks apart, and
attraction between cations and anions
the ions separate.
High melting and boiling points due to crystal
lattice structure Did you know?
Form strong electrolytes in water (conduct The melting point of NaCl (table salt)
electricity) is 1,472 F! Why? Because the cations
Opposite charges cause the compounds to be polar and anions form a strong crystal
Dissolve easily in water (because water is also lattice structure, which increases the
polar) bond strength, which increases the
Hard and brittle as a solid amount of energy to break apart their
Act as good insulators when in solid state
crystal lattice structure!
Name of cation (metal) + Name of anion (nonmetal), but remove ending and change to "-ide"
Ex: Sr3N2
As shown above, the cation (the metal) is named first, followed by the anion (the nonmetal).
The cation's name is not changed in any way, but the anion's name ending is replaced with
"-ide". This replacing of the name ending always occurs for anions. For example, O 2- is an
oxygen atom, but it is referred to as "oxide" because it is in its anion state.
How to Name Transition Metals
Ionic compounds that contain cations with varying charges must include the charge of that
cation using roman numerals in parenthesis. Because most transition metals have varying
charges, roman numeral typically must be added. This means that you will have to identify
the charge that the cation must have for the net charge to be 0!
For example, write the name of FeO.
Since Fe is a transition metal, we need to find out the charge of Fe for this compound.
We know that:
(number of Fe atoms) (charge of Fe) + (number of O atoms) (charge of O) = 0
Nitrogen's charge is -3. (If you don't know this, go back to the charges of families and
memorize!). When we plug this in along with the number of Fe and N atoms, we get:
(1)(x) + (1)(-2) = 0
x = +2
When we solve for x, we see that Fe = +3.
Therefore, the name of FeO will be iron (II) oxide.
1. Write out the 2. cross over the 3. reduce to the 4. Do the math to
symbols and magnitudes (remove simplest ratio of confirm that the
charges of the the + or - sign) ions if needed net charge is zero
atoms of the charges.