UNII

81. wwite a
bui not on Sno oping rtP. lhe
es.
Ans IS one ol the elassical TCP imp ov emenf
oppwoath

the mobilc
baste cloe b
OOsfe eon cep + 's to buHur packet
node HetMOnsmik them localty il o pocke 1s /os

Advontages o snooping TtP

I h e end -to-cnd T(P Semontic is pHesUIvCa.
2. No modificaion at -fixed host
uws.
. N o pacleet oss dusin9 handov

WHite a sho«t hote on mobile 7CP 7

f-TCP
M- T¢P appuoach has the same qoa/s aS
Ans he
sendw window om
to puevent the
Snooping CP-
bot noF
bit eHOK of dissco n n ettion
8huinking f 4-7CP isUs ed to
l a u s e UMHen f puoblems.
congesion to
lowur he delay
ovowa/l thuoughpuf, to
TmpHOve
semonties o TCP, fo pMovde
pHOvde
end-to end
maintaln
moHe effie'enf handovoH.
T-1t0
two pouts as J-1CP
he T¢P onnec ion tnto
M-TCP Splits
used on he stondand
unmodifed TCP
s

docs An
host connection. The N TCP appHoach
visoHy
host Sop Hade on the
Hela Hvely low bit eHMOH
o
asso mes
tt docs not poe/oum caching
wiueless
int.
inlC Therefone
d a t a vla
the SH
yetnonsmision
 How mobile intenet oH mobile TP puo tocol uOH°
Ans To an P
dotoqwam, *ou tews mate use a the 7P

add ess to peuoMm HOUing. Pa ticulouly, the netwoWK

poNtion a/ an 1P adduess used by HOUtuS to

move a dotagam Om the soUHte Comput to the.

netwoHe to which the tanget tompot is attac hed. n

he -fingl Houto on the path, that is a toch d fo the

Some hnetwoxl as the tanget co mput, uses the hos

pOwion the IP addHese to delivo he IP datagom
to the destination.
Mobile IP inctodes the oll owinq theee basic Capabili
capabih iee
Hes
to SOPpOHt he opoations

i Distovoy A mobile node employs a discovory

pMo Ceduue fo Heoqnige per spec ti ve home agenfs

oegn agents
ity Regis-dmation- Mobile node employs an outhentieated
HegisdHa fion its home agent
puoeeduNe to in/owm
ant
i
Iss CaHe
- a dduess
ifny Tonne!ling To oH wOHd IP dategwams _peo
Om a
home add Hess to a eaHe - o addues, tunciting

Used.
ha+
Pns
is DHCP ?
DHCP installa tion
IS
mainly used to simplity the
new

maintenonee ol netwou led computos Can

DHCP
Comput is connectt ed fo netwo u,

PHOvide H with the infoumatHon -/o

al nece ssaHY
netwout adduessS
T System intcqua ton into the ,

a DNS
DNS SeHVUI and the default uoot the guhnet
fuoviding
mas e the domain nome and an 1P addHest.

an TP odduess ma es DHCP vy a tMa tHive fou

while
mobile IP addHesses,
S soowce oeaHe- ok
as a

DHeP mechanisms aHe quit gample

tion.
How does DHCP 8uppont dynamle addHess a lloa
ns Mobile IP was owiqino lty de signed ou 1P vusion ,
IP vesion 6 mates li.le much easiu. Se veual

mechanisms that had to be speciied sepg Hately o

mobilly soppowt come -ee in PV6One ssue is

Secu HI y with HeQaHd fo authenti ta Hon, which i

Hequiued-feotune -fou alt IPV nodes. Wo
now a
specia mechanisms as add ons oue needed foy

mobile IP Hegistuation.
SecUin
How is penfo umed on odh oc netwouC
oOng
Eoch nod e consi sts a HOOt ond a hes, us usua
on the
xlet woks nedes thot us
Some comput .

od- hoc
hoppen to
"ppen be neaH eoch otho oHe cotled

NETwow ks )
netwoteS O NA NETSs (mohile od- hoc

ith be
on od-hoc ne-twou, the topolegy valdiky
even
nangin9 all the Hme, so desiuability ond

wOuming.
withouf
poths con change spon taneo vsly
in
Needles to say, these elHcumstance make
HOU Hng "
sa in
ad -hoe netwowlts qulte diteent-fom ooting
thel xed Countopauts.

7CP
Disad vantage Snoo
TCP aHe:
Disad vontages o Snoopin9

Q he wiueless linlt
1. 7he be havioU
TP does not isola te the behavioUw e the
Snooping
TCP.
THansmission eHHOYS
eukous eo
ean
OH
wineless /in
nodes
spHead
to he CoAepon denf
node needs odd itioal meehanisms.
Amobile
2. A
use o NA
betweenthe-foeign agent h e mobile
The
hove
node
node
HequiHeS the mobile node 7 nov
additiom|
odditiom
m e c h a n i s m s
Fow aubitouy mobile nodes, this meth
mctho
anspaHenE.
no /ongu
s
 3 fneHvption ot end to -end.

In such n eyption schemes aHe used end-to end

between the coHHeSpondent node and mobik node,

Shoopirg
oo pir botcming dota Can be Consid ued wouthless.

09 Selected ans Jatien in 1ep

Ans An impowtant extension o TCP is the use

o
Sclective uetuansmisslon. TIP acltn owledgmen ts QHe

Cumulative , í.e, they actnowledge in-owdur Heceipt

opactets upto a ceHtain packet. 14 a single paeket is
los4,+he senod has to HetHansmit eveythinq 3tawting
-om the lost
tost packet This wastes bandluwidth no

just fn the case / mobile netwowt, but -fo ony

nelwoulc.
TCP
TCP ean indiweetly Heques f selee H ve etuansmiss lor

patkets The Heeievy ean actnowledge single

pacrcs, not
onty tHains in-sequene paclcet. The

Sendu can now dedemine puecis/y which pacMe Is

needed and can uetuansmit IF
o10wute a shout note on ime ovt -/ueeing In TP.
Ans 7-7CP, N-TCP , Snoopl ng TCP appH eaches can hondles

ShoM inteMUpHon eonneeHon, fo longor inteuption

s1ang mission , 7n this cose, he mobile phone
wil he the
System
stem intenupd Connection. Thus nouw

Hea i o n o TCP would be disseo nnteHon o.toi a

Timeoud The MA lay lcno ws the Heal heoson o

the fnteHUpHon does not assume conges Hon, aS

TCP would.
 UNtT S
wha+ do you mean yIntudus
Ans One o the two mosk Popu law thueots to secUMly s

he intHud osgenewally ueeHed to as a hatl OH

CHaC. An individual whoatns, oH attempfs to gan,

un
authoHged ateessto a
computo System oH to galn

unauthow)ged puivileges on ha systm, is lenown as

fotH vdu

02xplain
02 intuudu defeetion pAEVention.
AnFollow irg appoach es has been iden iliedoH
tntuusion detecion
Statis tical nomaly deteeion
H invo Nes the collection data elating to the
avioUM 6 egit imate usus ov a puiod

Hme.
ime These Statistical tests aue applied to obsoved
be havioUy to delemmine with a high fevel o
o
conidente whethu that behaviouw Is not lgimat

us be havi ouw.

Rule basd Detection

in velves on
aHempt to deline a set oMuls
that con be used to decide that given behaviouy

is
is that o4 on intuud u.
 wuite ond plain finewat design palneiples.
Ans. The design puintiples ofiewall ave
ootside v i evice vusq
. A tHa/fi¢ 4om inside to
must Pass
poss thOgh the inewal This Is achitved by

Physieal bloeking a attess to the loca netwout (xtrpt

via the e uwall.
. only authoed fuaftic wi be oltouw ed to pas.
Voioos tupes of Mewals aue used, which implem ent
vaio o tupes o 3ecui ky policies.

3 The -fixewa itsctf s Imme ne to pentt Haton. This

tmplies that use oafuusted System with a seruHe

opeaing ysfem.
05 OMjan tloNse De/enee.

AnsA
Ans 4ojan house 's useful pHOQuam 0H tommand
pHOCedUue conda ining hidden Code that per-fow ms

Some unwanted O haumtulonc Hon.

THojan house PHOQHms ean be used Fo atom plish

han unau thoviz ed u 5o

fonc Hons indiuettty an

Could not actomplish diuectty.

9what
96 is -ewatl .

ersA-ine
Ans wan defines a Single ehoke point that Iteeps

bnauthoHiped useus out

o the
puot ccfed netwowlt

pHohibis potent ially volneabe SCHVices4Om tntuilng

OH leaving he nctwowle pHOvldes puOtecHon

m vauios kinds oIP Snoatin9 HOUting a ttacts

Di44 cHentiate Vinuses, wonms and Tojan howse.

Ans A vinus is a PHOQHam hat can Infect" o thur

pogams by mod ifying hem The modilication

which (an
Inttudes
copy the vlHUS pMoq Ham,
tnen g on fo infett otho pHOQHams.

A woum is Someimes confused wlth a

viHOS 7They
have
have some similauites, he wowm is code. Howtvu

i s an independent pHoguom hat does nof modify

o he POQHQmgbo epuoduter Hset

Hsel ov

ov agaln unHl E slows do wn a computor system

OH a netwo4¢.

A THojn howseis a usefeo pHOq HQm 0H CommQnd

hidden code that

Ppofoums
some
pHOCedoM e Containing
onwanteod o houmfol one tHon .
 wuite shout note on Biometults
Ans Abiometsie devite wouts on he basis oh some

human chauartorsHes, such as voi ce, ing vpaint ou

iHis The uso

Pateun olines in the o you ye.
data base has a Somple us's biometuk ehauacdushs.

Domir
Douirg auth entca hon, anoth Sample ohe uso's
biometHk chauae torsHs is puovided by the usor.

010 what o you unduustand by

do pass wod managemenf.

xplatn buiafly.
Ans is boroad aHea fo diseossion
PasswoHd manaqement a

So
So we aHe di's eussed some impowtant GNeas namely
pa sswoH d pxotecHon a teess cCotHol passwocd

Selectton stnatees.