Aci

ds,
BasesandSal
ts
Ext
raQuest
ions

Questi
on1.
Writ
et hecharact
eri
sti
csofaci
dsbywhi
chwecani
dent
if
yaci
ds.
Answer :
Character
ist
icsofaci
dsare

 Theyaresourintast
e.
 Theytur
nbluelit
muspaper/
solut
iontor
ed.
 Dil
uti
onofacidinwateri
sanexother
micreact
ion,
i.
e.heatener
gyi
s
evol
ved.

Quest
ion2.
Lookatthefi
gur
ewhichshowssoluti
onst
akenint
esttubesA,B,CandD.
Whatcolouri
sexpect
ed,
whenapi eceofr
edli
tmuspaperisdroppedin
eachtestt
ube?Natur
eofthesol
uti
onsisgi
venint
hetableforyourhel
p.

Testt
ube Nat
ureofsol
uti
on Changei
ncol
ourofr
edl
it
mus

A Neut
ral

B Basi
c
C Aci
dic

D Neut
ral

Answer:
Natur
eofsol
uti
oni
sgi
venbel
ow:

Test
 t
ube
Nat
ureofsol
uti
on Changei
ncol
ourofr
edl
it
mus

A Neut
ral Nochange

B Basi
c Tur
nbl
ue

C Aci
dic Nochange

D Neut
ral Nochange

Questi
on3.
Whilepl
ayinginapark,achil
dwasst ungbyawasp.Someel ders
suggest
edappl yi
ngpasteofbakingsodaandot herslemonjui
ceasremedy
.
Whichremedydoy outhi
nkisappropri
ateandwhy ?
Answer:
Waspst i
nginj
ectal i
quidi
ntheskinwhichisacidicinnat
ure.Hence,
baki
ngsodai stheappropri
ater
emedyasi tisbasicinnatur
eand
neutr
ali
sestheacid.

Questi
on4.
Whichofthefol
lowi
ngareaci
dicandwhichar ebasic?
Li
mewat er,
Vinegar
,Toot
hpast
e,Stomachjuices,Lemonj
uice,
Baki
ngsoda
sol
uti
on,Mil
kofmagnesia,Ammoniasolut
ion.
Answer:
 Aci
dici
nnat
ure Basi
cinnat
ure

Vi
negar Li
mewat
er

St
omachj
uices Toot
hpast
e

Lemonj
uice Baki
ngsodasol
uti
on

Mi
l
kofmagnesi
a

Ammoni
asol
uti
on

Questi
on5.
Asmal lamountofhy dr
ochlori
cacidisalwaysproducedinthest
omach.I
s
i
tuseful orhar
mf ulforus?Ifexcessofacidisproducedinthest
omach,
whatshoul dwedo?
Answer :
Asmal lamountofhy dr
ochlori
cacidproducedinthestomachisusef
ulasit
cankil
l thehar
mf ulbacteri
athatmayent eri
ntothestomachalongwit
hthe
food.
Howev er,i
fexcessofaci disproduced,t
hereisaburningsensat
ioni
nthe
stomach.Weshoul dt akemi l
kofmagnesi aasanant aci
dmedici
neto
neutr
alisetheexcessaci d.

Questi
on6.
Writ
etheef
fectofChi
nar
osepet
alsonaci
dicandbasi
csol
uti
ons.
Answer:
Chi
narosepetal
swhenaddedtowar m wat
er,
form ali
ghtpinkcol
oured
sol
uti
onwhichmaybeusedasani ndi
cator
.Thisi
ndicat
orturnsaci
dic
sol
uti
ontomagenta(
deeppink)andbasicsol
uti
ontogreen.

Questi
on7.
Totestthepr
esenceofanaci
dinanysubst
ance,
whatmethodscanbe
used?
Answer:
Acidcanbetest
edinanysubst
ancebythef
oll
owingmet
hods

 Takeadr opofthedil
utesolut
ionofthesubstanceonthet
ipsofy
our
tongue.Ift
astessour
,iti
sacidic.
 Dipabl uel
itmuspaperinthesolut
ion.I
fthecolouroft
hel
it
muspaper
turnsred,t
hesolut
ionisacidi
c.

Questi
on8.
Whyar esodium bi
carbonateandlemonjuiceusedduringi
ndigest
ion?
Answer:
Sodium bicar
bonateneutr
ali
sestheacidi
tyinthestomach.Hence,iti
s
usedduringindi
gesti
on.Lemoncont ai
nsacid.Itr
eactswit
hundigested
foodandsuf f
ersit
.

Question9.
Aftercarryi
ngouttheneut r
ali
sationreacti
on,thetestt
ubei mmediat
ely
foundt obesomewhathot .Expl
ainwhy .
Answer :
I
nneut rali
sati
onreacti
on,heatisalway sproducedorev olv
ed.Theevol
ved
heatraisesthetemperatureofther eacti
onmi xt
ure.Therefor
e,i
fwetouch
thetesttubeimmedi at
elyaftertheneutrali
sat
ionreacti
on, i
tisf
oundtobe
hot.
Acid+Base→ Sal t+Wat er(heatisevolved)

Quest
ion10.
Namet hr
eeaci
dsusedint
hel
aborat
ory.
Answer:
Aci
dswhicharemostl
yusedi
nlabor
ator
yasbel
ow

 Hydr
ochl
ori
caci
d( HCl
)
 Sul
phur
icaci
d(H2SO4)
  Ni
tr
icaci
d(HNO3)

Quest i
on11.
Paheliissuff
eri
ngf r
om indigesti
onduetoacidi
ty.I
sitadv
isabl
etogi
v eher
orangejuiceinthi
ssituati
onandwhy ?
Answer :
No, becauseorangejuiceisacidi
cinnatur
e.Excessofaci
dinthest
omach
causesi ndi
gesti
on.Wet akeanant aci
dsuchasmi l
kofmagnesiawhich
containsmagnesium hy dr
oxide.

Quest i
on12.
Explaint woneut ral
isati
onreact i
onsr el
atedt odai lyl
if
esituati
ons.
Answer :
(i)Antbi t
eWhenanantbi teinjectstheaci dicliquid(f
ormicaci d)intothe
skin,theef fectoftheacidcanbeneut r
alisedbyr ubbi
ngmoi stbaki ngsoda
(sodium hy drogencar bonate)orcalami nesol ution,whichcont ai
nszi nc
carbonat e.
(ii
)Indigest i
onOurst omachcont ai
nshy dr ochloricaci
d.Ithelpsust o
digestf oodbutt oomuchofaci dinthest omachcausesi ndigestion.
Somet i
mes, i
ndigesti
onispainf ul
.Tor el
iev eindigesti
on,wet akeanant aci
d
suchasmi lkofmagnesi awhi chcont ai
nsmagnesi um hydroxide.
Itneutralisestheef f
ectofexcessi veacid.

Questi
on13.
Howl i
mewateri
sprepar
edinthel
abor
ator
y ?
Answer:
Toprepar
eli
mewat er
,di
ssol
vesomeli
me( chuna)i
nwat
eri
nabottl
e.St
ir
thesol
uti
onandkeepitf
orsometi
me.Pouralit
tl
emoref
rom t
het
op.Thi
s
i
slimewater
.

Quest
ion14.
Namet hr
eetypesofsal
ts.Gi
veoneexampl
eofeacht
ypeofsal
t.
Answer:
Typeofsalt
s

 Neut
ralsalt
se. g.sodi
um chlori
de(NaCl
)
 Aci
dicsal
tse. g.Ammoni um chl
ori
de(NH4Cl
)
 Basi
csaltse.g.sodium hydr
ogencarbonat
e(NaHCO3)
Question15.
Paheli observedt hatmostoft hef i
shinthepondofherv i
ll
agewer e
gradual l
ydy i
ng.Sheal soobser vedthatthewastesofaf actoryi
nt heir
vil
lagear eflowingi nt
ot hepondwhi chprobablycausedt hefi
shtodi e.
(a)Expl ai
nwhyt hef i
shwer edying?
(b)Ifthef actorywast eisacidi
cinnat ur
e,howcani tbeneut r
ali
sed?
Answer :
(a)Ifthewast esofaf actoryfl
owi ntowaterbodi
es,itcancauseat hreatt
o
theliv
esofseacr eaturesandtoany bodywhodr inkthewat er
.Since,
factorywast esmaycont ai
nacidsorbasesandi tcanki l
lthefi
sh.
(b)Ifthef actorywast eisacidi
cinnat ur
e,itcanbeneut r
ali
sedbyaddi ng
basicsubst ances.

Questi
on16.
Whatisasal t?Nameanysal tandgivethei
rformul
ae.
Answer:
Asubstancef ormedbyt heneutr
ali
sati
onofanacidwit
habasei
scal
l
ed
salt
.Saltmaybeaci di
c,basi
corneutr
alinnatur
e.
Forexampl e,
Hydrochlor
icaci d(HCI)+
(Aci
d)
Sodium hydroxide(NaOH)→
(Base)
Sodium chlori
de( NaCI)+Water(
Salt)
(Sal
t)

Question17.
Lookatt hegivenr eacti
on.
Hydrochlori
caci d+Sodi um hy dr
oxide(base)→ Sodi um chlori
de( sal
t)+
Water
Sodium chlori
def ormedi nthisreacti
onremai nsi nsolut
ionform.Canwe
getsolidsodium chlor i
defrom thi
ssolution?Suggestamet hod( i
fany )
.
Answer :
Wecangetsol idsodi um chlor
idebyev aporationmet hod.Evaporati
onis
theprocessbywhi chwat erchangesf r
om al iquidtoagasorv apour.
Rateofev aporati
oni ncreaseswi t
htemper ature.

Quest
ion18.
Namet hr
eebasesusedi
nthel
abor
ator
ywi
tht
hei
rfor
mul
ae.
Answer
:
Baseswhi
char
emost
lyusedi
nlabor
ator
yasbel
ow

 Sodi
um hydroxide(NaOH)
 Cal
cium hy
droxide[Ca(OH)2]
 Ammonium hy droxi
de(NH4OH)

LongAnswerTy
peQuest
ions
Quest
ion1.

Af ar
merwasunhappybecauseofhi slowcropyi
eld.Hediscussedthe
probl
em withanagricult
uralsci
ent
istandr
eali
sedthatt
hesoi lofhi
sfi
eld
wasei t
hert
ooacidicort oobasi
c.Whatremedywoul dyousuggestthe
farmertoneutr
ali
set hesoil
?[HOTS]

Answer
:

Thereasonf orlowcropy ieldinfarmer ’

sf i
eldwast hatthesoi latapl aceis
eit
hertooacidicortoobasi c.Thesoi lmaybeaci dicorbasi cnat ur
all
y .The
excessi
v euseoff er
ti
liser
si nthefieldsalsomakest hesoiltooacidic.
Whent hesoilistooaci di
c,iti
st r
eatedwi thbasesuchasqui cklime
(cal
cium oxi
de)orslakedl ime( cal
cium hy droxi
de)whi chneut rali
sest he
excessacidpresentint hesoilandr educesi tsacidicnature.Ifthesoil i
s
toobasic,t
hendecay ingor ganicmat ter(cal
ledmanur eorcompost )is
addedit.Thedecay i
ngor ganicmat terreleasesaci dwhichneut rali
sest he
excessbasespr esentinthesoi landr educesi t
sbasi cnature.

Quest
ion2.

Youarepr
ovi
dedwit
hthr
eetestt
ubesA,
SandCasshowni
nfi
gur
ewi
th
di
ff
erentl
i
qui
ds.Whatwi
lly
ouobserv
ewhenyouput

(
a)api
eceofbl
uel
i
tmuspaperi
neacht
estt
ube?

(
b)api
eceofr
edl
i
tmuspaperi
neacht
estt
ube?

(
c)af
ewdr
opsofphenol
pht
hal
einsol
uti
ont
oeacht
estt
ube?
Answer
:

Testt
ube Effectonbl
uelit
muspaper Ef
fectonr
edl
i
tmuspaper
Eff
ectonphenolpht
hal
einsol
uti
on

A Tur
nsr
ed Remai
nsr
ed Col
our
less

B Remai
nsbl
ue Tur
nsbl
uePi
nkcol
our

C Remai
nsbl
ue Remai
nsr
ed Col
our
less

Quest
ion3.

Boojho,Paheliandtheirfri
endGol uwerepr ovidedwithatest,each
containi
ngChinar osesolutionwhichwaspi nkincolour
.Boojhoadded2
dropsofsolution‘
A’ i
nhi stesttubeandgotdar kpinkcol
our.Paheliadded
2dropsofsol uti
on‘S’t
ohert estt
ubeandgotgr eencolour
.Gol uadded2
dropsofsolution‘
Cbutcoul dnotgetanychangei ncolour
.Suggestt he
possiblecauseforthev ari
ationinthei
rresults.[HOTS]

Answer
:

Chi
nar
ose(
gudhal
)isanaci
d-basei
ndi
cat
or.

Chi
nar
osesol
uti
oni
ndi
ff
erentmedi
um showsf
oll
owi
ngchanges:

Chi
nar
ose+aci
d→ Gi
vedar
kpi
nkcol
our
,henceAi
sanaci
dicsol
uti
on.

Chi
nar
ose+base→ gi
vegr
eencol
our
,hence6i
sabasi
csol
uti
on.

Chi
nar
ose+neut
ral
→ Nochangei
ncol
our
,henceCi
saneut
ral
sol
uti
on.

Quest
ion4.

Niteshwasplay
ingwit
hhisfr
iendsinthegarden.Suddenl
y,Ni
teshwas
stungbyahoneybeeandwasi ngreatpain.I
mmediatel
y,hi
sfri
endscal
lhi
s
mot her
.Sheappli
edbaki
ngsodasol ut
ionontheaffect
edareaandthen
tookhimtothedoctor
.

Readt
heabov
epassageandanswert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ions:
(
a)Whatcoul
dbet
her
easonf
ort
hisbur
ningpai
n?

(
b)Whydi
dhi
smot
herappl
i
edbaki
ngsodasol
uti
onont
heaf
fect
edar
ea?

(
c)Whatv
aluesar
eshownbyNi
tesh’
sfr
iends?[
Val
ueBasedQuest
ion]

Answer
:

(a)Thereasonforthi
sbur
ningpainishoneybeest
ingwhichcausespai
n
andirr
it
ati
on.Thisisduet
ot heaci
dicl
iqui
d( f
ormi
cacid)inj
ect
edint
othe
skinbythehoneybee.

(b)Theeffectofaci
dcanbeneut
ral
isedbyrubbi
ngt
heaf
fect
edar
eaby
bakingsodasoluti
onwhi
chisamildbase.

(
c)Ni
tesh’
sfr
iendsar
ecar
ing,
suppor
ti
veandhel
pful
.

Quest
ion5.

OnedayRahul’
smot heraft
ertakingmeal f
eltpai
nandirri
tati
oninher
stomach.Hisf
atherwasoutofst ati
on.Rahulwasanintel
ligentboy
.He
rememberedhisteacher
’sstat
ementandgav ehi
smothersomebaki ng
sodasolut
ionWhichgaveherar eli
effr
om painandir
ri
tati
onofst omach.

Readt
heabov
epassageandanswert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ions.

(
a)Whichinf
ormati
ongiv
enbyRahul
’
steachert
hathel
pedhi
mtosel
ect
t
hebakingsodaasremedy?

(
b)Whyhesel
ect
sbaki
ngsodaasacur
e?

(
c)Whatv
aluesar
eshownbyRahul
?[Val
ueBasedQuest
ion]

Answer
:

(a)Rahul knowsthatourst
omachcont ainshydrochl
ori
cacid.I
thelpsusto
digestfood.But,t
oomuchaci dinthestomachcausesi ndi
gest
ion.
Somet i
mes, i
ndi
gesti
onispai
nfulandsomemi l
dbaseshouldbet akento
reli
effr
om t hi
spain.So,
thi
sinfor
mat i
ongivenbyhi st
eacherhelpedhim.
(b)Hegavehermotherbaki
ngsodasolut
ionwhi
chwasav ai
l
ableint
he
kit
cheneasi
l
y.Heselect
sbakingsodabecausei
tisamil
dbaseand
neutr
ali
sest
heexcessacidi
nt hest
omachanditwil
lgi
verel
ieff
rom pai
n.

(
c)Rahul
isv
eryi
ntel
l
igentandcar
ingboy
.