College of Pharmacy

PORG111 Laboratory
EXERCISE 3: Extraction Process
Instructions:
You have two choices to answer the given questions in the worksheet, (1) type your
answer directly on the worksheet or (2) you may upload the file .
For text entry, please copy and paste the questions first before you type your answer
If you opt to upload the file, you will be needing a MS WORD application . Copy first
the whole questions then type your answer on the spaces. provided. Click "submit
assignment" and upload your file.
Note: Refrain from copy & paste answer from the internet. Ensure that your paper is
free from plagiarism. Don't forget to cite your reference/s in APA format.
Details:
● Highest Possible Points: 25
● Type of submission: Text entry or File Upload
● File name for file upload: LAST NAME_FIRST NAME_MI_PORG111_
SECTION _LAB_GRP# (E.g DELA CRUZ_JUAN_S._PORG111_PH3Y1-
1_LAB_GRP1
● Submission Attempts: 1 submission only
● Due Date: mm-date-year, time (Editable)

Last Name, First Name Task

M.I.

Group members:

Serilla, Joshua

Soriano, Lance Edward L.

Trinidad, Faith Allia P.

Valle, Donn Rafael T.

Questions:
1. Define the following:
● Extraction - is a typical method for isolating a target chemical in organic
chemistry. A solute is transported from one phase to another during the
extraction process to separate it from unreacted starting materials or
contaminants. Extraction can also be employed to isolate a solute from a reaction
solvent that is difficult to remove by evaporation, such as a solvent having a high
boiling point.
● Infusion- is the method of extracting chemical compounds or tastes from organic
material in a solvent such as water, oil, or alcohol by allowing the substance to
remain suspended in the solvent for an extended period of time (a process often
called steeping). The liquid that results is also known as an infusion.
● Decoction - is a process of extracting plant material by boiling it to dissolve its
compounds, which can include stems, roots, bark, and rhizomes. This is a
continuous hot extraction method that employs a specific volume of water as a
solvent.
● Digestion - this is an extraction technique that employs mild heat during the
extraction process. Throughout the extraction procedure, the heat was used to
reduce the viscosity of the extraction solvent and improve the removal of
secondary metabolites. This approach works well with plant materials that are
easily soluble.
● Maceration - this is an extraction method that involves placing coarsely
powdered pharmacological material, such as leaves, stem bark, or root bark,
within a container. The contents are swirled on a regular basis, and if placed in a
bottle, it should be shaken from time to time to ensure thorough extraction. This
procedure is simple and ideal for thermolabile plant material.
● Percolation - is an extensive extraction method that removes all soluble
elements from comminuted plant material by extracting the crude medicine with a
new solvent.

2. Describe thru schematic diagram the process in Soxhlet Extraction.

Soxhlet extraction is a time-consuming extraction method used to extract analytes that
are thermally stable. By boiling and condensation, the extraction solvent is continually
cycled through the matrix, with the sample being collected in the hot solvent.
3. What are solvents? Describe the different types of solvents and give examples
of each.
On the premise of extremity there are two sorts of solvents; they are polar and nonpolar.
Extremity is the capacity of a solvent to break down any solute. Water may be a
widespread dissolvable utilized all over since of the tall extremity of the water particle.
This component of water by which it breaks down solutes applies to all the same polar
solvents, such as methanol. The course of action of particles gives a particle
unmistakable positive and negative charges which have the capacity to respond or
connect with the atoms of polar solutes electrostatically.
Non-polar solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride and benzene, utilize the same
instrument to break up solutes that's an electrostatic attraction.

In non-polar Solvent, electrons tend to gather on one side of the atom and draw in the
same sorts of expansive non-polar solute particles. By this instrument, all non-polar
solutes break up in non-polar solvents.

Ready to classify solvents on the premise of their chemical composition. There are two
sorts of solvents; they are natural solvents and inorganic solvents. Inorganic solvents
are those solvents which don't contain carbon such as water, alkali though natural
solvents are those solvents which contain carbon and oxygen in their composition such
as alcohols, glycol ethers.

Solvents which contain carbon and hydrogen as it were are hydrocarbon solvents such
as gasoline, benzene, toluene, hexane, etc. Those solvents which contain incandescent
light such as chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), bromine (Br) or iodine (I) in their composition are
halogenated solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs).

References:
● Abubakar, A. R., & Haque, M. (2020). Preparation of Medicinal Plants:

Basic Extraction and Fractionation Procedures for Experimental Purposes.

Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 12(1), 1–10.

https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_175_19

● Extraction.(n.d.). JoVE.

https://www.jove.com/science-education/11198/extraction
● Infusion. (n.d.). Agricultural and Environmental Data Archive.

http://www.environmentdata.org/archive/vocabpref:18659

● Mukherjee, P. K. (2019). Extraction and Other Downstream Procedures for

Evaluation of Herbal Drugs. Quality Control and Evaluation of Herbal Drugs.

https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813374-3.00006-5

● What is a Solvent? (n.d.). Toppr.

https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/solutions/solvent/#:%7E:text=Examples

%20of%20Solvent,-We%20can%20also&text=There%20are%20two%20types

%20of%20solvents%20they%20are%20organic%20solvents,such%20as

%20alcohols%2C%20glycol%20ethers.