Bishop Scott Girls’ School

(Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi Upto 10+2)

Jaganpura, Brahmpura, By- Pass, Patna-27

Session: 2022 – 23

Summer Vacation

Holiday Homework

Class – XII – Science

Note – Dear Parents and students, date of submission for holiday homework, project reports &
investigatory projects will be on the reopening day itself, i.e. on 20th June 2022 (Monday).

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 English

1 Select 5 articles from any English newspaper. Read them carefully. Stick those articles in your
note books and in your own words write you have understood. Also add your own comments.
2 Make a PPT on Child Labour Find out when was the law was formed, whether it is enforced or
not.
3 Imagine you come across a Time Machine and you decide to travel to the past. Which place
would you like to visit? Why? Describe what you did ,what you saw and how you felt.(120
words)
4 Write a short story which has a mother, a daughter and a dog. Make sure the story revolves
around these characters. (800 words)
5 Write a book review in A 4 sheets and submit in a stick file. ( 10 to 12 sheets)

Some suggested novels based on the syllabus

Book Thief
Catch 22
Diary of Anne Frank
Invisible Child by Andrea Elliot
Yard Sale by Eve Bumping
The mother I never knew Sudha Murthy
The Power of subconscious Mind
Joseph Murphy
Parallel worlds by Michio Katu
A Tiger for Malgudi by R K Narayan
The Magic by Rhonda Byrne
6 Read the chapter ‘Deep Water ‘from Flamingo. Make a list of 20 common phobias. Also state
how one can come over their fears and anxieties.
7. Tigers are endangered species. Find out why tiger’s population went down. What steps have been
taken to ensure their safety? Has their population increased? Write with proper data.

Maths

1) Let S be the set of all real numbers and let R be a relation in S, Defined by

Show that R satisfies none of reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity.

2) Let N be the set of all natural numbers and let R be a relation on , defined by

Show that R is an equivalence relation.

3) Show that the function is one-one onto and hence bijective.

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4) Let and

Let and .

Show that and .

5) Let Show that f is invertible and

find

6) Let and Write down

7) If Show that for all Hence, find

8) Show that the function on defined as is one-one and onto.

Hence, find

9) Use elementary row transformations, find the inverse of the following matrix:

10) Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are :

11) Complete the from NCERT Book

12) Lab activities:

a)To verify that the relation R in the set L of all lines in a plane, defined by
is a an equivalence relation.

b) To demonstrate a function which is not one-one but onto.

Physics

1. A charged rod P attracts rod R whereas P repels another charged rod Q. What type of force is
developed between Q and R?

2. A free proton and a free electron are placed in a uniform field. Which of the two experience
greater force and greater acceleration?
3. The graph shows the variation of voltage V across the plates of two capacitors A and B versus
increase of charge Q stored on them. Which of the two capacitors have higher capacitance?
Give reason for your answer?
4. Why must electrostatic field be normal to the surface at every point of a charged conductor?

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 A charge ‘q’ is placed at the centre of a cube of side l. What is the electric flux passing
5.
through each face of the cube?
6. Depict the direction of the magnetic field lines due to a circular current carrying loop.
7. What is the direction of the electric field at the surface of a charged conductor having charge
density σ < 0?
8. Is the electric field due to a charge configuration with total charge zero, necessarily zero?
Justify.
9. Write the expression for the work done on an electric dipole of dipole moment p in turning it
from its position of stable equilibrium to a position of unstable equilibrium in a uniform
electric
field E
10. How does the electric flux due to a point charge enclosed by a spherical Gaussian surface get
affected when its radius is increased?

11. Show on a plot the nature of variation of the -

(a) Electric field (E) and
(b) potential (V), of a (small) electric dipole with the distance (r) of the field point from the
centre of the dipole.

12. Does the charge given to a metallic sphere depend on whether it is hollow or solid? Give
reason for your answer.
13. Draw a plot showing variation of electric field with distance from the centre of a solid
conducting sphere of radius R, having a charge of +Q on its surface.

14. A point charge +Q is placed in the vicinity of a conducting surface. Draw the electric field
lines between the surface and the charge.

15. Derive an expression for the torque experienced by an electric dipole kept in a uniform
electric field.

16. A spherical conducting shell of inner radius rx and outer radius r2 has a charge ‘Q’. A charge
‘q’ is placed at the centre of the shell.
(a) What is the surface charge density on the
(i) inner surface,
(ii) outer surface of the shell?
(b) Write the expression for the electric field at a point x > r2 from the centre of the shell.
17. A thin straight infinitely long conducting wire having charge density X is enclosed by a
cylindrical surface of radius r and length l, its axis coinciding with the length of the wire. Find
the expression for the electric flux through the surface of the cylinder.
18. A hollow cylindrical box of length 1m and area of cross-section 25 cm2 is placed in a three
dimensional coordinate system as shown in the figure. The electric field in the region is given
by E=50xi where E is in NC-1 and x is in metres. Find -
(a) Net flux through the cylinder.
(b) Charge enclosed by the cylinder

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19. A sphere S1 of radius r1 encloses a net charge Q. If there is another concentric sphere S 2 of
radius r2 (r2 > r,) enclosing charge 2Q, find the ratio of the electric flux through S1 and S2.
How will the electric flux through sphere S1 change if a medium of dielectric constant K is
introduced in the space inside S2 in place of air?

20. Two point charges + q and -2q are placed at the vertices ‘B’ and ‘C’ of an equilateral triangle
ABC of side as given in the figure. Obtain the expression for (i) the magnitude and (ii) the
direction of the resultant electric field at the vertex A due to these two charges.

21. Two point charges + 3q and – 4q are placed at the vertices ‘B’ and ‘C’ of an equilateral
triangle ABC of side ‘a’ as given in the figure.

Obtain the expression for -

(i) the magnitude and
(ii) the direction of the resultant electric field at the vertex A due to these two charges

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22. A charge +Q, is uniformly distributed within a sphere of radius R. Find the electric field, due
to this charge distribution, at a point distant r from the centre of the sphere where :
(i) 0 < r < R and
(ii) r > R

23. A point charge Q is placed at point O as shown in the figure. Is the potential difference V A –
VB positive, negative or zero, if Q is
(i) positive
(ii) negative?

24. A hollow metal sphere of radius 5 cm is charged such that the potential on its surface is 10 V.
What is the potential at the centre of the sphere?

25. A hollow metal sphere of radius 10 cm is charged such that the potential on its surface is 5 V.
What is the potential at the centre of the sphere?

26. Why is electrostatic potential constant throughout the volume of the conductor and has the
same value (as inside) on its surface?

27. Two charges 2µC and – 2µC are placed at points A and B 5 cm apart. Depict an equipotential
surface of the system.

28. The given graph shows variation of charge ‘q’ versus potential difference ‘V’ for two
capacitors C1 and C2. Both the capacitors have same plate seperation but plate area of C2 is
greater than that of C1. Which line (A or B) corresponds to C1 and why?

29. Two point charges, q1 = 10 × 10-8C, q2 = -2 × 10-8C are seperated by a distance of 60 cm in

air.
(i) Find at what distance from the 1 st charge, q1 would the electric potential be zero.
(ii) Also calculate the electrostatic potential energy of the system

30. Two point charges 4Q, Q are separated by lm in air. At what point on the line joining the
charges is the electric field intensity zero?
Also calculate the electrostatic potential energy of the system of charges, taking the value of
charge, Q = 2 × 10-7C

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 Chemistry

General instructions -

1) Investigatory Project – on any one topic

Note – list of topics for project and its format has been already shared with the students. It has to
be prepared in MS word and then shared with the subject teacher for approval. Once finalized
then a spirally binded hard copy of the same to be submitted on the reopening day.
2) Assignments on the chapters –
(a) Haloalkanes & Haloarenes and
(b) Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers

Note – to be done in chemistry HW copy

Haloalkanes & Haloarenes – Assignment

CLASSIFICATION
1) Differentiate between vinylic and benzylic halides.
OPTICAL ISOMERISM
2) What is meant by ‘chirality of a compound’?
3) Identify the chiral molecule in the following pair –

4) What are enantiomers? Draw the structure of the possible enantiomers of 3-methylpent-1-ene.
5) Identify the chiral in CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 and CH3CH(OH)CH3.
6) Out of SN1 and SN2, which reaction occurs with -
(a) Inversion of configuration
(b) Racemisation
NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION
7) C2H5I undergoes SN2 reaction faster than C2H5Br. Explain.
8) Discuss the mechanism of SN1 reaction of haloalkanes.
9) How would you differentiate between the SN1 and SN2 mechanism of substitution reactions?
Give one example of each.
10) What are ambident nucleophiles? Explain with an example.
11) Justify and arrange the following compounds namely ethyl chloride, isopropyl chloride, tertiary
butyl chloride in increasing order of reactivity towards the asked displacement namely –
(a) SN1
(b) SN2
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
12) What is Saytzeff rule? Illustrate with suitable example.
13) An organic compound ‘A’ on treatment with KCN gave B which on hydrolysis with dil. HCl
gave acetic acid. Identify A.

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14) Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given below:
(A) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(D) If the assertion and reason both are false.
(E) If assertion is false but reason is true.
Assertion – b.pt. of alkyl halides decrease in the order of RI > RBr > RCl > RF.
Reason – Van der Waals forces decrease with increase in the size of halogen atom.
15) Give chemical test to differentiate –
(a) Benzyl chloride & chlorobenzene
(b) Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride
(c) alkyl chlorides, bromides and iodide
(d) Vinyl chloride and ethyl chloride
(e) Chlorobenzene and cyclohexyl chloride
(f) Ethyl chloride and ethyl bromide
16) Give one example of each of the following reactions –
(a) Wurtz reaction
(b) Wurtz Fittig reaction
17) Out of ethyl bromide and ethyl chloride, which has higher boiling point and why?
18) Explain Sandmeyer’s reaction giving suitable examples.
19) What happens when bromine attacks CH2=CH-CH2-C Ξ CH?
20) What happens when chloroform is oxidized with air? Give equation also.
21) 2-Bromopentane when treated with alcoholic KOH gives a mixture of two alkenes A and B.
Identify these.
22) A halide, C5H11X on treatment with alc. KOH gives only pent-2-ene. What is the halide?
23) State one uses each of DDT and iodoform.
24) Write the mechanism of the following reaction:

25) Write the mechanism of the reaction –

CH3CH2OH + HBr → CH3CH2Br+H2O
26) Hydrolysis of 2-bromo-3-methylbutane (20) gives only α - methyl-2-butanol (30).
27) Complete the reaction :

28) Among the following compounds, which one is more easily hydrolyzed and why?
CH3CHClCH2CH3 OR CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl
29) Account for the following –

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 (a) The treatment of an alkyl chloride with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of an
alcohol whereas with alcoholic KOH, alkene is the major product.
(b) Haloalkanes are more reactive than haloarenes towards SN reaction.
(c) (±) 2-butanol is optically inactive.
(d) Benzylic halides have high reactivity and low reactivity of vinylic hydrogen in substitution
reactions.
(e) C-X bond length in halo-benzene is smaller than C-X bond length in CH3-X.
(f) Dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride.
(g) Alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water.
(h) Haloarenes are insoluble in water but soluble in benzene.
(i) Allyl halide is more reactive than n-propyl halide towards SN reaction.
(j) While preparing RX from R-H, dry gaseous hydrohalogen acids are used instead of their
aqueous solution.
(k) Chloroform is stored in dark coloured and sealed bottles.
(l) The presence of nitro group (− NO2) at ortho or para positions increases the reactivity of
haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.
(m)Alkyl iodides develop colouration on long standing particularly in light. Explain.
(n) Tert-butyl bromide reacts with aq. NaOH by SN1 mechanism while n-butyl bromide reacts
with SN2 mechanism.
(o) Sulphuric acid is not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI to prepare alkyl iodides.
(p) p-methoxybenzyl bromide reacts faster than p-nitrobenzyl bromide with sodium ethoxide to
form an ether product.
(q) H-atom of chloroform is acidic in nature.
(r) ROH does not react with NaBr but on adding H2SO4, it forms RBr.
(s) Although chlorine is an electron withdrawing group, yet it is o, p-directing in electrophilic
aromatic substitution reactions.
(t) A small amount of ethyl alcohol is added to CHCl3 stored for use as an anesthetic.

Assignment - Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers

1) Name the alcohol which is used to obtain the following ester –

2) How are the following conversions carried out?

a) 2-methylpropene from 2-methylpropanol
b) Acetone to 2-methylpropan-2-ol
c) Acetophenone from phenol
d) Aniline to phenol
e) Anisole to 2-methoxytoluene
f) Anisole to p-Bromoanisole
g) Anisole to phenol

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 h) Ethanal to propan-2-ol
i) Ethyl chloride to methoxyethane
j) Phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol
k) Phenol to 2-hydroxyacetophenone
l) Phenol to anisole
m) Phenol to benzoquinone
n) Phenol to salicylaldehyde
o) Phenol to Salicylic acid
p) Picric acid from phenol
q) Propan-2-ol to 2-methylpropan-2-ol
r) Propan-2-ol to propanone
s) Propane to 1-Propanol
t) Propanone to 2-methylproan-2-ol
u) Propene to propan-1-ol
3) Give reasons for the following –
a) (CH3)3C –Br on reaction with NaOCH3 gives an alkene instead of ether.
b) (CH3)3C –O – CH3 on reaction with HI gives CH3OH and (CH3)3C–I as the main product
and not (CH3)3C –OH and CH3I.
c) Alcohols act as weak bases.
d) Alcohols and water are miscible in all proportions.
OR, Ethanol is water soluble.
e) Alcohols are easily protonated than phenols.
OR, Phenols do not give protonation reaction readily.
f) Alcohols are more soluble in water than hydrocarbons of comparable masses.
g) Bond angle C- O - C in ethers is slightly higher than the tetrahedral angle 109028’.
h) Bond length of C – O bond in phenol is shorter than that in methanol.
i) Phenol has smaller dipole moment than methanol.
j) Ethers are cleaved by acids not by bases.
k) Grignard reagents soluble in ether but not in benzene.
l) Ortho and para-nitrophenols are more acidic than phenols.
m) Phenols are much more acidic than alcohols (or ethanol).
n) p-nitrophenol is more acidic than o-nitrophenol.
o) p-nitrophenol is more acidic than p-methylphenol.
p) ROH does not undergo substitution reaction in neutral or alkaline solution.
q) The boiling point of ethers is much lower than those of the alcohols of comparable molecular
masses.
r) The C – O – H bond angle in alcohols is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle (109028’).
3) Draw the structure & name the product formed when following alcohols are oxidized using
excess of OA –
a) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
b) 2-methylpropan-1-ol

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 c) 2-butenol
4) Explain the mechanism of the following reaction –
a) Addition of Grignard’s reagent to the carbonyl group of a compound forming an adduct
followed by hydrolysis
b) Acid catalyzed dehydration of an alcohol forming an alkene
c) Acid catalyzed hydration of an alkene forming an alcohol
d) Hydration of ethene to give ethanol
e

(g) acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ethene

(h) CH3CH2OH + HBr → CH3CH2Br + H2O
5) Illustrate the following reactions with suitable examples –
a) Friedal-Craft’s reaction
b) Friedal craft’s acylation for anisole
6) Give chemical tests to differentiate between –
a) Pentan-2-ol and pentan-3-ol
b) Methanol and phenol
c) Methanol and ethanol
d) Ethanol and phenol
7) What is the main product obtained when vapours of t-butyl alcohol are passed over copper at
300° C?
8) What is usually added to ethyl alcohol to make it unfit for drinking purposes?
9) Name the products obtained when anisole is treated with HI.
10) Di-tert butyl ether cannot be made by Williamson’s synthesis. Explain why?
11) Of the two alcohols – CH2=CH-CH2OH & CH2=CH-CH2-CH2OH, which one will react faster
with conc. HCl in the presence of anh. ZnCl2.
12) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their -
a) Boiling points - CH3 – CHO, CH3 – CH2 – OH, CH3 – CH2 – CH3
b) Acid strength - 4-nitrophenol, phenol, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
13) How an (- OH) group attached to carbon in the benzene ring activates benzene towards
electrophilic substitution?
14) Phenols do not undergo substitution of the — OH group like alcohols. Explain.
15) What happens when -
a) Ethanol is treated with Cu at 573 K,
b) Phenol is treated with CH3COCl / anhydrous AlCl3
c) Ethyl chloride is treated with NaOCH3
d) Salicylic acid is acetylated
16) State the products of the following reactions –

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 E. CH3Cl + CH3CH2 – ONa →
F. CH3CH2CH2OCH3 + HBr →
G. C6H5OC2H5 + HBr →
H. (CH3)3C – OC2H5 + HI →
Informatics Practices

General Instructions:
• Attempt the questions in order.

1. What is a Series and how is it different from a 1-D array, a list and a dictionary?
2. What is a DataFrame and how is it different from a 2-D array?
3. How are DataFrames related to Series?
4. What do you understand by the size of (i) a Series, (ii) a DataFrame?
5. Create the following Series and do the specified operations:
(i) EngAlph, having 26 elements with the alphabets as values and default index values.
(ii) Vowels, having 5 elements with index labels ‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’ and ‘u’ and all the five values set to
zero. Check if it is an empty series.
(iii) Friends, from a dictionary having roll numbers of five of your friends as data and their first
name as keys.
(iv) MTseries, an empty Series. Check if it is an empty series.
(v) MonthDays, from a numpy array having the number of days in the 12 months of a year. The
labels should be the month numbers from 1 to 12.
6. Using the Series created in Question 5, write commands for the following:

(i) Set all the values of Vowels to 10 and display the Series.
(ii) Divide all values of Vowels by 2 and display the Series.
(iii) Create another series Vowels1 having 5 elements with index labels ‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’ and ‘u’
having values [2, 5, 6, 3, 8] respectively.
(iv) Add Vowels and Vowels1 and assign the result to Vowels3.

(v) Subtract, Multiply and Divide Vowels by Vowels1.

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 (vi) Alter the labels of Vowels1 to [‘A’, ‘E’, ‘I’, ‘O’, ‘U’].

7. Using the Series created in Question 5, write commands for the following:
(i) Find the dimensions, size and values of the Series EngAlph, Vowels, and MTseries.
(ii) Rename the Series MTseries as SeriesEmpty.
(iii) Display the 3rd and 2nd value of the Series Friends, in that order.
(iv) Display the alphabets ‘e’ to ‘p’ from the Series EngAlph.
(v) Display the first 10 values in the Series EngAlph.
(vi) Display the last 10 values in the Series EngAlph.
8. Create the following DataFrame Sales containing year wise sales figures for five sales persons in
INR.
Use the years as column labels, and sales person names as row labels.

2014 2015 2016 2017

Madhu 100.5 12000 20000 50000
Kusum 150.8 18000 50000 60000
Kinshuk 200.9 22000 70000 70000
Ankit 30000 30000 100000 80000
Shruti 40000 45000 125000 90000
9. Use the DataFrame created in Question 9 above to do the following:
(i) Display the row labels of Sales.
(ii) Display the column labels of Sales.
(iii) Display the data types of each column of Sales.

(iv) Display the dimensions, shape, size and values of Sales.

(v) Display the last two rows of Sales.
(vi) Display the first two columns of Sales.

Biology

01 Describe oogenesis in human female. What promotes the completion of second meiotic division
in oogenesis?
02 What is menstruation? What are the specific actions of FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone in
the menstrual cycle?
03 Draw a diagram of human female reproductive system and label any ten parts in it.
04 Draw a diagrammatic sectional view of ovary showing different stages of oogenesis along with
corpus luteum.
05 Where is morula formed in humans? Explain the process of its development from zygote.
06 When and how placenta formed in human female?
07 How is placenta connected to the embryo?
08 Placenta acts as endocrine gland. Justify the statement.

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 09 Name the hormones involved in each stage and explain their role.
Ovulation, pregnancy, placenta, foetal growth, parturition.
10 Explain the changes in the primary oocyte undergoes while in different follicular stages before
ovulation.
11 Explain the ovarian and uterine events that occur during a menstrual cycle in human female,
under the influence of pituitary and ovarian hormones respectively.
12 Where does fertilization occur in human female? Explain the events that occur during the process.
13 Describe the changes that occur in ovaries and uterus during the reproductive cycle.
14. Explain the roles of secondary oocyte in human female from embryonic stage upto ovulation.
Name the hormones involved in this process.
15 What is menstrual cycle? Which hormones regulate menstrual cycle?
16 What is oogenesis ? Give a brief account of oogenesis.
17 Describe the various developmental process that occurs in foetus after implantation till
parturition.
18 Describe the events occurring in human female during menstrual cycle.
19 Describe the process of parturition in human female .
20 Name the hormones involved in each stage and explain their functions.
Hypothalamus, pituitary, testes, sperms.
21 Explain the role of tapetum in pollen grain wall formation.
22 What is triple fusion? Where and how does it takes place? Name the nuclei involved in triple
fusion.
23 Differentiate between: a) Hypocotyl and epicotyl
b)Coleoptile and coleorhiza
c) Integument and testa
d) Perisperm and pericarp
24 What is self -incompatibility? Why does self-pollination not lead to seed formation in self -
incompatible species?
25 Why do you think the zygote is dormant for sometime in fertilized ovule?
26 State what is apomixis .Comment on its significance .How can it be commercially used?
27 How polyembryony arises in angiosperm? Discuss adventive embryony.
28 Explain the characteristics feature of wind pollinated flowers. How are insect pollinated
flowers different from them ?
29 Explain the process of microsporogenesis in angiosperms. Draw a labeled diagram of matured
Pollen grain.
30 What are pollinia? Comment upon Nemec phenomenon.

Economics
Q1. Name two components of government budget. (1)
Q2. What is tax? (1)
Q3. Give example of non tax revenue receipts. (1)
Q4. Name the ways in which budgetary deficit is financed. (3)
Q5. Classify government expenditure. (4)
Q6. Why did India opt for Planning? (3)

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Q7. Why did P.C. Mahalanobis known as the architect of Indian planning? (1)
Q8. Limitations of Green Revolution. (6)
Q9. How do Small Scale Industries promote rural development? (4)
Q10. Explain Import Substitution. (3)
Q11. What role does the Industrial sector play in the India Economy? (4)
Q12. Why do Small Scale Industries promote rural development? (3)
Q13. Highlight the salient features of India’s Pre- Independence occupational structure. (6)
Q14. Why were land reforms not implemented successfully? (4)
Q15. What are Miracle Seeds? (1)
Q16. What is Marketable Surplus? (1)
Q17. Define money. (1)
Q18. What is Barter system? (1)
Q19. What is the main function of Money? (6)
Q20. Why is Paper money becoming popular these days? (4)
Q21.Explian the “redistribution of income” objectives of a government budget. (3)
Q22. Name two Primary functions of Money. (4)
Q23. Is Money a commodity? (3)
Q24. Explain ‘growth with equity’ as a planning objective. (3)
Q25. Explain the significance of the “Unit of account” function of Money. (3)
Q26. What do you mean by Fiat Money? (1)
Q27. Define Fiduciary Money. (1)
Q28. What is Credit Money? (1)
Q29. What is meant by full – bodied Money? (1)
Q30. Describe the Evolution of Money. (4)

Note: Beside these above questions students will do work on their Project Report.

Physical Education
Q1. Draw the fixture of 18 teams on the basis of knock out tournament.
Q2. Draw the fixture of 12 teams on the basis of League tournament.
Q3. Draw the fixture of 27 teams on the basis of Knockout tournament if 5 teams
are kept under special seeding.
Q4. Why is yoga important in our daily life.
Q5. Differentiate between Pranayama and Asana.
Q6. Draw Basketball court with its measurement and equipment.

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