IG2, Hendry Lukas Timothy, 00663146, Redhat Safety Training

Unit IG2: Risk assessment
Declaration: By submitting this assessment (Parts 1 – 4) for marking I declare that it is entirely my own work. I understand that falsely claiming that
the work is my own is malpractice and can lead to NEBOSH imposing severe penalties (see the NEBOSH Malpractice Policy for further information).
Important note: You must refer to the document ‘Unit IG2: risk assessment – Guidance and information for learners and Learning Partners’ while
completing all parts of this assessment. Your Learning Partner should provide you with a copy, but it can also be downloaded from the relevant
resources section for this qualification on the NEBOSH website.
Part 1: Background
You should aim to complete this section in 150 - 200 words.

Topic Comments
Name of organisation* ABC Builders LLC.
ECR –East Coast Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. India.
Site location* Project Name: The Ocean Drive Villas Construction
Number of workers 134
ABC Builders LLC. Is the ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and ISO 45001 certified company. Having 15 years’
experience in the field of construction, management and contracting also executed and delivered projects
all over the Tamil Nadu. ABC Builders LLC. holds extensive experience in construction of foundations,
buildings, villas, schools, malls, hospitals, etc. I selected the Ocean Drive Villas construction project, which
is situated right in ECR, Chennai.
I carried out my risk assessment in the Ocean Drive Villas construction project. As it is construction project,
General description of the organisation workers are engaged with different activities that come commonly under construction works are like work at
height, lifting of heavy loads, all kind of masonry works which contain foundation concrete works,
construction of walls using cement blocks and pillars and main roof concreting works and hot works in
which cutting, and welding are involved. Besides, heavy vehicles and equipment like truck, lorries, mobile
crane and loaders are being used in site for different kind of work purposes. The workers are working in day
shift only. “Day Shift” (08.00 AM to 05.30 PM) and Sunday is day off in the working site. No night shift works
are carried out.
Description of the area to be included in the The risk assessment covers the whole construction site area and activities of the Ocean Drive Villas
risk assessment construction project.
Any other relevant information The Project manager is the ultimate responsible person for health and safety matters.
* If you’re worried about confidentiality, you can invent a false name and location for your organisation but, all other information provided must be
factual.
Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 1 of 39

You should aim to complete this section in 100 - 200 words.
Note: this section can be completed after you have competed your risk assessment.
My risk assessment was based on ILO codes of practices associated with BOCW Act India legal codes.
Prior to the Work site inspection and interviews I referred various websites (e.g. ILO, ISO, & other British
HSE websites) to learn about the requirements and instructions by ILO, ISO and BOCW Act legal codes
relating to health and safety procedures in construction sites. Information gathering was from internal as
well as external sources. Some of the referred documents, sources of information’s are mentioned below.
 ILO Conventions C167 - Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988
 ILO Recommendation R175 - Safety and Health in Construction Recommendation, 1988
 ILO C155 Occupational health and safety conventions,1981
 ILO Recommendation R164 - Occupational health and safety Recommendation, 1981
 BOCW ACT INDIA: BOCW Act, 1996, Applies to Construction Workers
The Building and Other Construction Workers’ (Regulation of employment and conditions of
service) ACT, 1996.
Outline how the risk assessment was  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_Load_Indicator
carried out this should include:  HSG136 (3rd edition) Published 2014, A guide to workplace transport safety.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashback_arrestor
 sources of information consulted;
I visited the site after looking at the collection of information sources and spoke to the workers and
 who you spoke to; and
supervisors who were doing the work, as well as to the on-site management staff who provided me with
 how you identified: insight about how good employees and supervisors are regarding their experience and attitude to the job
- the hazards; and their contribution to organisational goals. I have checked the company’s Health and Safety policy aims
- what is already being done; and and targets, Project Health and Safety Environment Plan, (HSE Plan), Internal safety inspection reports,
- any additional controls/actions External 3rd party audit reports, internal HSE audit reports, accident logbook, the first aid report, the near
miss report, etc. I have found that only some minor injuries have occurred, and there have been no lost time
that may be required. injuries (LTI). Through this technique I identified the hazards that were presently have control measures in
place (what is already being done). And I got so many vital information from the workers that they were
suffering on the job execution time. And I also know that some of the control measures are there already,
but workers are unaware about the measures. I found the existing hazards inside the site based on my
inspection.
I compared the present situation with legal requirement and find out any drawbacks in current safety system
and information from guidelines, I consulted with site project manager regarding this IG2 risk assessment
project effectiveness for this project. I referred above HSE approved codes of practices, ILO & BOCW Act
legal codes. ILO code of practice for safety and health in construction and these mentioned guidances &
code of practices as well as all sources of information’s completely helped me in deciding the additional
control measures.

Part 2: Risk Assessment
Organisation name: ABC Builders LLC.

Date of assessment: 28/02/2022
Scope of risk assessment: Assessing risks for whole construction site area and activities of the Ocean Drive Villas construction project.
Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescales for
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
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Hazard No# 01 Crane operator, rigger, Work method statement, lifting Lifting plan shall be reviewed and 2 Days HSE Engineer
lifting supervisor, banks plan and risk assessment has implement properly.
Load Handling man, nearby workers, and been prepared for this Steel
Equipment. members of public like staircase installation activities. The contents of the lift plan / method
visitors and others. Works supervised by qualified field statement and risk assessment, safe HSE Officer/
Steel staircase engineer. rigging and slinging practices shall be 2 Days Lifting
installation Due to unavailability of communicated via toolbox talk before Supervisor
activities Automatic Safe Load Based the weight and stability of Steel staircase installation lifting activity on
ongoing. Indicator, this mobile crane the steel staircase load, the daily-basis.
would topple while lifting a capacity of the mobile cranes are
By using Mobile Steel staircase loads due to selected. Install a an Automatic Safe Load
crane, carrying overloaded mobile crane. Indicator (ASLI) on mobile cranes to
out the heavy If the load exceeds capacity Lifting PTW (Permit To Work) is alert the operator if the lift is exceeding Project
weight steel for given radius or obtained before starting the Lifting the safe operating range of the 2 Days Manager/
staircases configuration, swinging or and installation of steel staircase machinery and controls the lifting Crane
lifting, steel sudden dropping of loads, and steel columns. equipment to the level that it tries to Supplier
staircases ground collapses due to keep the crane functioning as per the
columns lifting, excess ground pressure, the All lifting crew members are manufacturer's suggested safety
and installing load itself causes an competent such as crane operator, charts.
this steel imbalance that throws the rigger, and lifting supervisor,
staircases to crane out of rated capacity banks man as well as well Ensure the accurate functioning of the Mechanical
outside the (beaks, moves, deforms), experienced and trained by 3rd installed Automatic Safe Load Indicator 2 Days Engineer/
building for roof excess wind in extreme party and holding their certificates. (ASLI) safety device on mobile cranes. HSE Engineer
access. conditions can also cause
horizontal forces on the

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Mobile Crane crane and load that cause Valid 3rd party inspection Prior to operating the crane, the operator Crane
Automatic Safe sufficient imbalance for certificates are available for mobile must carefully and thoroughly read and operator/
Load Indicator collapse and cause crane and lifting accessories. understand the information in this crane 2 Days HSE Officer/
device is not overloading. manual to ensure that he knows the Lifting
installed, this Fulltime competent Lifting operation and limitations of indicator and Supervisor
circumstances Lifting and installation of Supervisor is available for crane.
failed to alert steel staircase and steel continuous monitoring.
the crane columns without Automatic Perform the pre-tests to ensure the good Crane
operator if the Safe Load Indicator device Personal not to work in areas working functions of the Automatic Safe operator/
lift is might leads a crane where steel staircase is being Load Indicator (ASLI) safety device, 2 Days HSE Officer/
exceeding the overturning and fall of loads, erected above. These areas are reverse alarms, safe angle indicators and Lifting
safe operating it will lead to a fatal cordoned off (hard barriers, resp. anemometer and avoid use of crane if it is Supervisor
range of the accidents and property hazard warning tape and signs). not working properly.
machinery. damages, also due to Crane positioned on firm ground
breaking of lifting loads that with stabilisers extended on crane Carryout the planned preventive
attached to load and as outrigger pads. maintenance of the crane. Check Crane
result of it, multiple fractures, maintenance record of crane and ensure it 1 Week Supplier/
head injuries, permanent Pre-use inspection carried out for has maintained adequately as per HSE Engineer
disabilities, traumatic brain mobile crane & accessories. manufacturer's recommendation.
injuries, spinal cord injuries,
amputations and death Weight of all loads been identified, Do not overload, always lift up to SWL Crane
might be caused to workers. Hooks to be fitted with safety (safe working load) with reference to the 2 Days Operator
latches, Slings are marked with Automatic Safe Load Indicator (ASLI)
their “Safe Working Load” (SWL). safety device.
Loads shall be inspected for loose Rigging log to be maintained, detailing all Lifting
items prior to being lifted. items of equipment to be used onsite site, 2 Days Supervisor/
date of inspection, name of inspector, Mechanical
Spotter positioned close to lifting condition of equipment taken from load Engineer
area to keep personnel clear of lift manifests, etc.
area, banksman deployed for
controlling movement of crane in Slings to be stored in a dry storage area, 1 Day Riggers/
site. away from heat and chemicals. HSE Officer

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Personnel are not allowed to walk
under the steel staircase
suspended loads.
When steel staircase columns is in

position it must be secured with
sufficient bolts to ensure it is safe.
Beam clamps or slings to be used

to lift and position individual steel
columns beams.
Where slings are used to lift steel

columns beams they must be
protected by using timber or
rubber softeners to protect the
sling and the steel.
Steel erection shall be carried out

during daylight hours only.
A proper system of
communications, i.e., hand signals
and Walkie-talkies radios with
dedicated radio channel used for
consistent communication
between to crane operator, rigger
and lifting supervisor during lifting
operation.
Tag lines/Guide ropes used by the

competent riggers to control any
swinging or turning of the load.

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Cranes fitted with reverse alarms,
anti-two block devices and
anemometer.
Wind conditions to be monitored

and work to stop if wind exceeds
permissible levels. Work not to be
performed when wind exceeds 40
Km/hr.
Crane shall not be allowed to be

used for pushing, dragging, or
sliding the load.
Stop the lifting activities during

high wind speed, adverse weather
conditions.
Slings and chains to be protected

with wood or rubber softeners
when placed around sharp edges
Suitable hand protection used

when handling steel beams,
taglines, rigging equipment or
hand tools, etc.
Use of appropriate PPE’s such as

gloves, steel toe cap boots,
helmet, and high visibility clothing
etc have worn by workers.

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Hazard No# 02 Power tools users, Portable Appliance Testing (PAT) Purchase the new power tools with a low 1 Month Project
helpers, electricians, has been done for all power tools noise level. Manager
Noise. maintenance workers and & users are competent.
nearby workers as well as Silencers shall be fixed on all applicable 2 Weeks Project
Continuous visitors might be harmed. A loud environment power tools power tools to suppress the noise. Manager
power tools activities area is isolated.
operations If workers who are exposed Prepare the Job rotation plan and 1 Week Site Engineer
creating more to the persistent frequent Carried out noise level implement for highly exposed workers to
noise, creating a contact to power tools assessment of workplace and noise.
loud operations will creates a introduced control measures like
atmosphere. loud noise leads a several mandatory use of earmuff if noise Health surveillance of workers, like Project
health effects like noise level is higher than 90 dB (A) & audiometry hearing capacity checks shall 1 Month Manager
induced hearing loss, limiting the time workers spend in be done on frequently for highly exposed
tinnitus, temporary reduction noisy areas. workers to noise.
in hearing sensitivity as well
as some psychological Provided frequent breaks. Ensure the Planned Preventive Electrical
effects like stress, strain and Maintenance (PPM) programme in place 2 Days Engineer
increase in errors might be Mandatory hearing protection and lubrication oil fills frequently to all
happen to workers. areas and displayed the noise power tools.
warning signs.
Close competent supervision shall be 1 Week Site Engineer
Proper HSE induction and internal provided.
trainings, daily toolbox talk
provided with noise health effects Instruct the power tools users and workers 1 Day HSE Officer/
and controls. to keep noisy equipment away from Site Supervisor
quieter areas, If possible.
Planned Preventive Maintenance
(PPM) programme in place and Ensure usage of the hearing protections 1 Day HSE Officer/
lubrication oil frequently filled to like ear plugs, ear muffs all time by Site Supervisor
reduce the noise to the power relevant workers.
tools equipment’s.
All adequate PPEs and Ear plugs

have provided to all workers and
have worn adequately.

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Hazard No# 03 Jack hammer users might Portable Appliance Testing (PAT) Purchase new jack hammer tools with a 1 Month Project
be harmed. has been done for Jack hammer. low vibration level. Manager
Vibration.
If jack hammer users are A jack hammer concrete breaking Anti-vibrational mounting shall be fixed on 2 Weeks Site Engineer
Continuous jack exposed to the persistent operations activities area is parts which hold users during the use.
hammer frequent contact to jack isolated and signage’s displayed.
concrete hammer for concrete Health surveillance of users, like hand 1 Month Project
breaking breaking operations, jack Reducing and limiting the time for arms and nerves checks shall be done on Manager
operations hammer heavy vibration has jack hammer users. frequently.
creating more been transmitted to the jack
vibration and hammer users’ hand and Provided frequent breaks for high Prepare the Job rotation plan and 1 Week Site Engineer
affecting the leads a several health vibrational exposure jack hammer implement for high vibrational exposure
user’s hands. effects like hand and arm users. jack hammer users
damages sensory nerves,
muscles and joints which Proper HSE induction and internal Close competent supervision shall be 1 Week Site Engineer
leads to (HAVS) Hand Arm trainings, daily toolbox talk provided.
Vibration Syndrome, severe provided with vibration health
health effects like white effects and controls. Ensure the Planned Preventive
hand vibrational finger, Maintenance (PPM) programme in place 2 Days Electrical
nerve damage, joint damage Planned Preventive Maintenance and lubrication oil fills frequently to Jack Engineer
and muscle weakening. (PPM) programme in place and hammer.
lubrication oil frequently filled to
reduce the vibration to jack Ensure usage of the specific PPE’s like 1 Day HSE Officer/
hammer. anti vibration gloves ear plugs, ear muffs Site Supervisor
all time by users.
Advised users to keep hand in dry
and warm condition.

adequate anti vibration gloves, ear
plugs, dust masks, steel toe cap
boots, helmet and high visibility
clothing etc. have worn by jack
hammer users.

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Hazard No# 04 Heavy vehicles Site logistic plan available. Update the site logistic plan and 2 Days HSE Engineer/
(Excavator, Telehandler, implement properly. Site Engineer
Movement of JCB) operators, all Heavy vehicles (Excavator,
people and pedestrian workers, all Telehandler, JCB) operators One-way traffic systems shall be
vehicles. vehicle drivers, visitors holding the valid driving licence implemented to limit reversing and prevent 1 Month Site Engineer
might be harmed. and operator competency conflicting movements caused by ‘two-
Movement of certificates as well as valid 3rd way’ traffic flow.
heavy Pedestrian’s workers are party inspection certificate, vehicle
equipment’s vulnerable where vehicles registration, insurances available Trained & Certified Flagmen(4 No’s)
(Excavator, are being used, if for Excavator, Telehandler, JCB. shall be deployed for all Heavy vehicles
Telehandler, pedestrians and vehicles (Excavator, Telehandler, JCB) and Project
JCB) for sharing the same routes, Site speed limit 15 km/hour is other long vehicles for safe movement 2 Days Manager/
excavation and problems can arise where strictly followed by all operators of people and equipment/heavy vehicle HSE Engineer
backfilling shared routes are used if and drivers within the project and at the site and help the drivers &
activities as well drivers don’t see site speed limit signs displayed at operators to avoid traffic hazards and
as materials pedestrians. This may relevant locations to avoid the potential of hitting
shifting, happen for several reasons, pedestrian people and other
materials including blind corners, poor Heavy vehicles pre-use inspection equipment.
loading, lighting or vehicles travelling carried out by the operators
unloading, too fast or going out of including the brake testing. After deploying the flagmen, instruct the
purposes at the allocated areas. It may also drivers and operators, without flagmen, do 2 Days HSE Engineer/
site. happen if people are not Heavy vehicles (Excavator, not start and operate their vehicles and Site Engineer
following site rules or if they Telehandler, and JCB) equipped equipment’s at the site.
Observed have not been made aware with the reverse alarms, beacon
movement of of the safety rules. lights, and rear cameras. Refresher trainings shall be provide to the 1 Week HSE Engineer
the vehicles Reversing vehicles cause relevant flagmen, drivers and operators on
and heavy particular problems for Installed the convex mirrors at weekly basis.
equipment’s, pedestrians as the driver of blind spots of site.
reversing the a wagon is unable to see Make the roundabout by using traffic 1 Week Site Engineer/
vehicles at the anything directly behind. If Separate pedestrian’s routes and barricades in site to eliminate taking of Site Supervisor
site without people don’t follow site rules separate vehicles movement’s reverse in site.
flagmen. they may leave their routes are established with
designated routes and cross suitable signs, barriers, and road Where pedestrian and vehicle routes
into the path of oncoming markings. cross, provide appropriate, suitably 1 Week Site Engineer/
vehicles, or into areas where marked and signposted crossing points Site Supervisor

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vehicles are reversing. If Daily toolbox talks & in-house i.e., Zebra crossing lines on routes for
workers contact and caught trainings conducted about safe pedestrians to cross the route.
with moving heavy movement of people and vehicles.
equipment’s and vehicles, Speed breakers shall be made in site to 2 Weeks Site Engineer/
causes major injuries and Instructions given all workers, reduce speed of vehicles. Site Supervisor
fatality on site; pedestrian workers to stay away
from the moving vehicles and
Excavator, Telehandler, JCB heavy equipment’s.
vehicles at the site without
the trained flagman, the Internal defensive driving trainings
operators and drivers will conducted to the operators and
drive their vehicles very drivers regarding the safe
speed, while reversing they movement of people and vehicles,
can’t be able to see blind control measures which needs to
spots and not observing the be follows.
pedestrians’ movement, or
other vehicle movement, it Provides safe and suitable parking
may collide with other areas, for work-related vehicles,
vehicles or pedestrians who separate for light vehicles cars,
move through it and and enforced the reverse parking
permanent disabilities or rules.
even death might be caused
to victims. Security guard available at the
main gate to control unauthorized
Heavy vehicles operators, all people and vehicles entry into site.
pedestrian Workers, drivers,
visitors might be harmed High visibility clothing has
due to striking of vehicle with provided to all workers.
workers leads to minor
injury, fatal injury or Use of appropriate PPE’s such as
permanent fatality. If it is adequate gloves, ear plugs, dust
striking with any properties masks, steel toe cap boots, helmet
leads to property damage and dust masks etc have worn by
also. all site operatives.

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Hazard No# 05 Power tools users, SOP for the all power tools has Procure the battery powered and low 1 Month. Project
electricians, maintenance been prepared. voltage equipment like 110 Volt power Manager
Electricity. worker, electrical tools.
supervisors, and nearby Portable Appliance Testing (PAT)
Electrical power workers might be harmed. & colour coding has been done for SOP for the all power tools shall be 2 Days Electrical
tools such as, all power tools. communicated to the relevant workers via Engineer/
jack hammer, Improper use of power tools TBT and internal trainings. HSE Engineer
grinder, etc. cause severe and even fatal Power tool activities area is
using for various injuries due to overloading isolated and electrical warning Close supervision shall be provided. 2 Days Site Engineer
tasks at the site. the power, sharp and signage’s displayed.
rotating parts and using the Implement job rotation for power tools 1 Week Site Engineer
high voltage current power. Planned Preventive Maintenance users.
If the workers got electric (PPM) programme in place for all
shock from the power tools, power tools. Health surveillance of Power tools users 1 Month Project
leads an electrocution and should be conducted on routine intervals. Manager
slight - shocks which can Competent Power tools users,
lead to injuries or even heart only permitted to use high voltage Ensure the proper cable routing for power 2 Days HSE Officer
failure. Use of high voltage Power tools. tools cables in safe manner to avoid /Power Tools
electrical power tools in site slip/trip hazards. Users/
can cause electrical shock Carrying out daily pre use Site Supervisor
and as a result of it severe inspection for check of equipment
effects like ventricular for sign of damage.
fibrillation, cardiac arrest,
extreme muscle All the rotating parts of the power
contractions, might be tool properly guarded.
happened to power tools
users. Trip hazards from Ensured the use of RCDs in
cables, dusts from the power between electrical supply and
tools causes lung cancer equipment as well as
and noise causes hearing
loss problems, vibration Provision for earthing the body of
causes vibration white finger the power tools.
issues.

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Don’t overload the electrical DB’s
by using more power tools in same
time.
Proper cable management

followed.
Multi-socket connections are

prohibited and prohibited the use
of electrical equipment in damp
and humid condition.
Double-Insulated cables are used.
Daily TBT and internal trainings

provided.
Awareness crated to workforce

regarding electrical shock first aid
procedures through frequent
training programs like toolbox talk.
Hi-Voltage emergency first aid kit

is available.
Provided the appropriate non-

conductive electrical specific
PPE’s such as adequate gloves,
ear plugs, dust masks, steel toe
cap boots, helmet and dust masks
etc.

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Hazard No# 06 Block work crew Using the mechanical handling Material should be moved, handled, 2 Days Site Engineer
members, helpers, aids such as, block lifter for hoisted etc. with the use of mechanical
Manual workers whose are concrete block materials lifting and means when at all possible.
Handling. continuously doing hand pallet trucks for shifting.
manual handling activities When hoisting tools or materials the use of 2 Days Site Supervisor
Repetitive might be harmed. Manual handling risk assessment a canvas bag shall be used. DO NOT USE
manual lifting carried out based on the task, plastic or metal buckets for hoisting.
and carrying Repetitive manual lifting and individual, load and environmental
concrete block carrying concrete block factors. Provide the job rotation and frequent 1 Week Site Engineer
materials for materials leads a Back breaks for preventing repetition of tasks.
block works Disorders to the relevant Before manual handling of
activities. workers due to exceeding concrete block materials, any Health surveillance to be conduct on 1 Month Project
the capability of the exposure to hazards on the item routine intervals to this manual handling Manager
muscles, tendons, discs, or being handled, such as sharp workers who expose daily heavy manual
the cumulative effect of edges, are eliminated or controlled handling tasks.
several contributors like, prior to handling by hand.
reaching while lifting, poor Competent supervision shall be provided 2 Days Site Engineer
posture, bad body Line of fire exposures are for continuous monitoring.
mechanics, poor physical identified and either eliminated or
condition, losing the strength controlled prior to handling. Post the safe manual handling techniques 1 Day Block Work
and endurance to perform & manual handling safety signage’s. Supervisor /
physical tasks without strain, The geometry of the concrete HSE Officer
repetitive lifting, twisting & block materials must be
bending while lifting, bent considered prior to lifting.
postures, heavy lifting &
poor footing such as slippery Awkwardly shaped objects and/or
floors, or constrained those with unusual centres of
posture & lifting with forceful gravity handled mechanically by
movement. telehandler.
Repetitive manual handling, Potential pinch points are

continuous lifting and identified and either eliminated or
carrying concrete block controlled prior to handling
materials that required for
block works activities can

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cause severe health effects When handling concrete block
like back pain, back injuries, materials manually, personnel
hernias, broken bones, should limit the weight to
dislocation of joints and approximately 23Kg (50 pounds).
WRULDS.
The assistance of a co-worker
utilized to handle concrete block
materials manually that weight in
excess of 23Kg (50 pounds).
All relevant workers are trained,

inducted about safe manual
handling techniques and health
effects, daily toolbox talks also
conducted.
Physically fit persons only allowed

for this manual handling activities.
Concrete block materials stored in

low level for easy lifting.
Proper housekeeping maintained

to avoid slip trip hazards, materials
transfer route is clear and kept
safe.
Good quality gloves, steel toe cap

boots, other PPEs are used while
involve in manual handling
activities.

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Hazard No# 07 Hot work user’s welders, Hot work permit to be obtained For hot work activities, welding and 2 Days Project
fire watchers, all workers prior to commencing work cutting works, to prevent flashbacks, Manager/
Fire nearby the welding and flashback arrestors must be installed Mechanical
cutting works and near by Designated welding booth on the outlets of both regulators, and Engineer
Hot work the gas cylinders and provided with fire rated materials. torch inlets.
activities flammable materials,
welding and supervisors, visitors, Provide the adequately sheltered,
cutting works members of public might secured weatherproofed, well Arrange the 3rd party competency trainings
are ongoing at be harmed. ventilated Gas cylinder storage for welders and hot work users and Project
the site. area. instruct them to before hot works welding, 2 Days Manager /
Without flashback arrestors, take time to inspect the equipment which HSE Engineer
If the torch and/or regulator Gas cylinder storage area are using to be sure check valves and
Observed the are misused, flashbacks are protected by a fire wall five feet flashback arrestors have been installed to
flashback commonly caused by a high with a fire rating of 0.5 hours prevent a deadly cylinder explosion.
arrestors are reverse flow of oxygen into also protected against sunrays,
not installed the fuel gas hose (or fuel away from contact with sunlight Arrange the 3rd party inspection for 2 Days Project
on the outlets into the oxygen hose), and away from any direct heat welding equipment and accessories. Manager/
of both producing an explosive source as well as at least 20 feet HSE Engineer
regulators, and mixture within the hose. The away from combustible materials.
torch inlets flame can then burn back Joins and connectors on oxygen and 2 Days Welding
which is through the torch, into the A safe separated distance not less acetylene hoses/valves to be tested for Supervisor
unacceptable hose and may even reach than 6 meters (20 feet) has been leaks using soapy water.
and high risk the regulator and the maintained between LPG cylinders
to create the cylinder. Flashbacks can and other gas cylinders such as Welding equipment and accessories to be 2 Days Welding
flashback fire result in damage or Oxygen. inspected regularly and every shift before Supervisor/
accidents. destruction of equipment, use. Welders/
and could even cause the Gas cylinders should never be HSE Officer
cylinder to explode. positioned on uneven floors.
HSE officer and competent supervisor
A flashback is an ignition of Segregate Used & Unused shall be carry out frequent internal 2 Days Welding
mixed gases which flows Cylinders by Empty and full gas inspection at hot work locations and Supervisor/
back to the source of the cylinders segregated within the flammable material storage areas. HSE Officer
gases such as the hose, gas cylinder storage area.
regulator, and cylinder at a
speed which is greater than

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five times the speed of Cylinders to be turned off at valve, Use a proprietary leak detecting spray or 2 Days Welding
sound, creating the risk of on completion of work. solution suitable for use with oxy/fuel Supervisor
injury or equipment damage. systems, to check all fittings prior to use.
Only flint gun to be used to ignite
When a backfire takes place oxygen / acetylene torches. Soapy water or solutions containing 2 Days Welding
in a mixing chamber, unless grease or oils should NOT be used on Supervisor
shut off the oxygen valve, MSDS to be provided for special oxygen systems;
the flame burning in the fluxes and metals.
torch head may ignite gases
in the hoses and result in a Employees instructed in hazards
flashback. A flashback is an associated with materials used
explosion that progresses and precautions to be taken via
through the torch, hoses, daily TBT.
regulators, and into the
cylinders. Consequence can Adequate ventilation provided to
range from a burst hose to a extract fumes.
violent explosion of the
regulator and cylinders. Acetylene cylinder to be kept
upright.
Health hazards from
welding, cutting operations Cylinders to be kept chained to
include exposures to metal trolley or on lifting frame with
fumes and to ultraviolet (UV) secure attachment points
radiation. Safety hazards
from these operations Correct regulators to be used.
include burns, eye damage,
electrical shock, cuts, and No oil or grease to be used around
crushed toes and fingers. connections / joints
If workforce is mishandled Hoses / headpiece not to be left in

the gas cylinders or stored a confined area during breaks, etc.
incorrectly, can cause burn
injury, serious fire and Hoses to be maintained clear of
explosions and fatal vehicular paths and walkway.
accidents due to the sparks

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that eject from the any Check work area at completion of
naked flames. work for flammable materials / hot
spots.
Fire watcher deployed during hot

work activities.
Work to cease in the event of an

emergency on site – siren sounds.
Permits to be revalidated after
such an event.
“NO SMOKING POLICY”

complied.
Maintained all firefighting

equipment’s fire extinguishers, fire
blankets in good working
condition.
Firefighting training provided to all

employees on site to operate and
use firefighting equipment
correctly.
All adequate correct PPE’s

provided and used welding PPEs
like goggles, fire retardant Coverall
and Boots have worn by relevant
workers.

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Hazard No# 08 All workers who are Complete background checks on Create a policy that prevents harassment 2 Days HSE Engineer
involved horse playing, new employees for conduct and violence at work.
Violence at fighting and different certificate, behaviour, and
work nationalities sub- previous history of violence. Prohibit the horse playing, fighting in the 2 Days Site Engineer
contractors’ workers, workplace strictly.
Possibilities of trainees might be harmed. Created an effective line of
Horse playing, communication. Install the Security systems like CCTV at 1 Month Site Engineer
fighting with For employees, violence can the site for continuous monitoring.
workers due to cause pain, distress and The danger weapons such as
verbal abuse at even disability or death. rods, knife, etc are prohibited Install the proper alarm system, and 1 Month Site Engineer
work with Physical attacks are inside the site. Securities check testing need to be done regularly.
another worker. obviously dangerous, but available for weapons keeping
serious or persistent verbal before the entry. Counselling shall be provided for
abuse or threats can also employees who were the victim of work 2 Days HSE Officer
damage employees' health A policy for alcohol and drug site abuse and also the perpetrators.
through anxiety or stress. abuse developed and
implemented. Encourage the employees to accept 2 Days HSE Officer
Workforces can get harshly individual differences.
injured due to their violent All workers are properly inducted,
behaviour and actions Internal trainings and daily TBT Deploy the competent supervisor to 2 Days Project
because of horse playing, conducted regarding initial stages ensure the strict anti-violence policy. Manager
fighting and different of Violence at work, and how to be
nationalities. Workers hitting dealing with violence and all
with sharp edges during workers are aware of it.
horse playing, verbal abuse
fight, or using weapons like Workers are encouraged to report
rods, knife may lead to any incident related to workplace
various serious injuries even violence.
death.

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Hazard No# 09 Scaffolders, Block Work at height permit system All scaffolds shall be reinspected after 1 Day Scaffolding
workers, plastering followed before starting the adverse weather conditions and / or when Inspector
Work at height. workers, workers who use scaffolding works at site. any modification to a scaffold has taken
the scaffold, nearby place.
Tube and cup workers, might be harmed. Scaffold design done by
lock Scaffolding competent engineer in conjunction Ensure the pre-use inspection of the 1 Day Scaffolding
erection and During tube and cup lock with scaffolding inspector and HSE scaffoldings. Supervisor
dismantling Scaffolding erection and people.
works ongoing dismantling works at more Ensure the pre-use inspection of the full- 1 Day Scaffolding
for height work than 5 to 15 meters height Scaffold to be erected and used as body safety harness. Supervisor
task block and workers using tube and per the manufacturer index.
works, cup lock scaffolding elevated Prohibit the mobile phone usage, horse 2 Days Site Engineer/
plastering works platforms at more than 5 Material to be inspected prior playing while working on the scaffolding. HSE Officer
on scaffolding meters height for block application for stability and to
elevated works, plastering works, check any wear and tear. Advice the workers, not keep any sharp 1 Day HSE Officer
platforms. have the high falling risk materials in their pant pockets while
hazards, such as fall of men, All scaffold components are wearing full-body safety harness.
fall of materials, scaffolding inspected for damage prior to use
collapse due to structural and damaged components shall Proper housekeeping shall be carried out 2 Days Site Engineer/
failure and as a result of it, be isolated and tagged to prevent on daily basis, don’t allow the scaffolders Scaffolding
workers might get multiple use. and helpers to scatter the scaffolding Supervisor
fractures, neck injury, spinal, materials after dismantling the scaffolding
injury permanent disabilities Competent & Third-party certified to avoid slip trip hazards.
and death of person might scaffolding crew such as
be happened. scaffolders, scaffolding supervisor, Ensure all tube and cup lock scaffolding 2 Days Scaffolding
scaffolding inspector available. materials are used in good conditions. Inspector
Scaffolding safety and work at Prohibit the alterations of scaffolding by 1 Day Scaffolding
height safety trainings provided for unauthorized people. Supervisor
relevant workers as well as
properly inducted, daily toolbox Ensure the fall arrest system like safety 1 Day Scaffolding
talks also conducted. harness have worn by workers and anchor Supervisor/
it to a firm surface. HSE Officer
Only Third-party certified
scaffolders are allowed to erect,

completed title
(within …)
modify or dismantle scaffolding
with competent supervision.
Exclusion zone has been provided

while erecting or dismantling
scaffold. Warning sign boards
displayed and barricade the
scaffolding activities area.
All scaffolds used on the project

shall be erected on Firm, level
ground.
All scaffolds shall be footed using

base plates and sole boards will
be used where necessary.
Only fully boarded scaffolding

working platforms are permitted.
All scaffolds erected with a

standards, ledgers, standards,
couplers, bracings, top guard rail,
mid rail and toe boards installed.
All scaffolds provided with safe

access ladder extending 1M above
working platform level;
All scaffolds shall be inspected by

a competent and certified
inspector at a minimum frequency
of once every 7 days with Scaff
tags updated accordingly.

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Scaffold systems used on the
project subject to recorded
inspections on a weekly basis.
Scaff tag system followed for all

scaffolding, like A Red tag shall
indicate Scaffold is under
construction or is unsafe to use; A
Green tag shall indicate that
Scaffold has been inspected and
is deemed safe for use.
Green Scaff tags displayed with

following details, such as Signed
by scaffold inspector; Indicating
intended safe working load of
platform; Date of erection; Date of
inspection.
Overload the scaffolding is not

allowed. Not allowed to erect the
scaffoldings near excavations and
any heavy equipment’s routes.
All scaffolders and workers using

Full body harnesses with fall
restraint / arrest lanyards secured
to suitable anchorage points;

safety harness, adequate gloves,
ear plugs, dust masks, steel toe
cap boots, helmet and dust masks
etc have worn by relevant site
operatives.

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Hazard No# 10 All site operatives, visitors Implemented good housekeeping Ensure the frequent Housekeeping was 1 Day Site Supervisor
who are crossing the throughout the operations at the done in the work place and all trailing
Slip and trip. trailing cables, might be site to prevent slip/trip/fall hazards. cables was properly tied back to the wall.
harmed.
From the Proper lighting provided for well Wooden cable stands, and cable hangers 2 Days Site Supervisor
electrical DB, Because of trailing cables illuminations. shall be provided for all trailing cables.
trailing cables laying down across
are used for walkways leads a slip/trip Ensured enough work place Competent electrician shall be assign for 2 Day Electrical
power tools hazards, if anyone crossing clearance for the passage ways. carry out the proper cable management at Engineer
connections & this slip trip hazardous the site.
lighting situations, the people may Maintained the walkways free from
connections. fall due to these trailing the scattered materials/huge Provide a competent supervisor to ensure 2 Day Project
cables slip and trip hazards obstructions. it is free of slip and trip hazards. Manager
But, these, while they are walking and
trailing cables moving leads a person All materials stored in the Proper cable management internal 2 Days HSE Officer/
are laying slipped, tripped down to the designate area. trainings & daily TBT shall be conduct to Electrical
across floor and some injuries like the relevant workers. Supervisor
walkways. minor and major and Sufficient suitable sign boards and
multiple fractures, back posters displayed to indicate/warn
injury and spinal injuries to the slip and trip hazards.
person would be happen.
Internal trainings and daily TBT
has been conducted regarding the
slip and trip safety information and
instructions regarding hazards and
risks inherent in the workplace.
All staffs/workers are provided

anti-slippery safety boots for slip
resistant that fit snugly.

adequate gloves, helmet, and dust
masks etc have worn by relevant
site operatives.

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Hazard No# 11 Painting workers, painting Requisite MSDS sheets shall be Competent supervision shall be provided. 2 Days Site Engineer
supervisor and helpers, reviewed prior to receipt of any
Hazardous nearby workers might be hazardous materials like paints on Provide the frequent break and job 2 Days Site Engineer/
Substances. harmed. the project. rotation to the hazardous chemical Site Supervisor
handlers/painters.
Pro-longed exposure to the Handling, storage, use and
Painting paints, leads a painters to disposal of all Hazardous Health surveillance to be conduct on 1 Month Project
activities are inhale when berating the Chemicals and paints in routine intervals to workers who expose Manager
ongoing at the paints vapors that are accordance with MSDS. these paints hazardous substances
site, pro-longed harmful. Volatile organic exposure daily.
exposure to the compounds in paints can Relevant MSDS Sheets available
paints by the cause headaches, eye at all hazardous material storage Ensure the painters and helpers using 1 Day HSE Officer
painters. irritation, nausea, dizziness, locations and points of use. their PPEs & RPEs properly.
and fatigue. Long-term
exposure can lead to more MSDS and COSHH assessment Ensure the painters and helpers are 1 Day HSE Officer
serious health problems like has been done for paints and following the proper hand washing and
central nervous system, implemented the control based on hygienic during their food taking.
liver, and kidney damage. the MSDS and COSHH
Continuous exposure of assessment. Ensure the Hazardous Substances / 2 Days QA/QC
using the paints, can cause paints designated storage area with Engineer
severe health effects like All painting workers, painting proper safe temperature level.
irritation to eyes, lungs and supervisor and helpers, are
throat and irritant dermatitis properly inducted about the safe
from skin contact of paints, use of paints and COSHH –
allergic dermatitis from Control Of Substances Hazardous
repeated skin contacts of to Health and toolbox talk
paints and corrosive burn conducted on daily basis.
from prolonged contact.
Chronic effects of paints will All persons requiring to use,
be lung cancer. handle, store or dispose of
Hazardous chemicals received
appropriate training including
emergency response and use of
appropriate PPE.

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Emergency Response Plans has
been developed to include
Hazardous Chemical spill
response.
Hazardous Materials, paints stored

in dedicated storage areas.
Suitable no smoking signs posted

in all such areas.
Sufficient numbers of fire

extinguishers of appropriate type
and capacity provided.
Strictly prohibited the eating,

drinking, smoking while expose to
hazardous substances like paints.
Adequate hand washing stations &

Eye-wash stations provided.
Alkali resistant gloves, Respiratory

Protective Equipment, coverall,
goggles, and boots have provided
to all relevant workers and nearby
workers.
Hazard No# 12 All workforce at the site COVID-19 prevention policy & Daily check the COVID’19 safety protocols 2 Days HSE Engineer
and visitors might be emergency management plan has from the government and implement the
Hazardous infected by COVID virus. been prepared. same.
Substances
If anyone got COVID +ve, Everyone got their COVID Advice workers to be aware about the Site
COVID’19 Virus the COVID-19 Virus spreads vaccines and booster doses also. COVID 19 precautions and comply strictly 2 Days Supervisor/
Infection mainly from COVID positive for their own safety and others safety. HSE officer
infected person to normal

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(within …)
likelihoods at person via coughing, Frequent PCR test is conducted at
the site. sneezing and close touch the site. Prepare the COVID vaccination log and 1 Week HSE Engineer
contact. Due to gathering PCR tests log as well as update on every
and poor awareness on Conducted general awareness week.
personal hygiene, although through mass TBT to all workers in
for most people COVID-19 different languages to ensure that
causes only mild illness, it they understand the current
can make some people very situation, what the corona virus is
ill. More rarely, the disease and what preventive measures
can be fatal. can be taken.
Security guard doing temperature

monitoring for all employees or
including visitor.
Social distancing (2 meter) is

maintained all time during work.
Provided posters and reading

materials in different languages
that is understandable to the
workers, also posted on different
areas of the camp.
Disinfection& sanitization carried

out for all offices, rest rooms,
toilets, tool and equipment’s.
Sites & camps equipped with

Hand wash stations and sanitizer
dispensers.

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Advised to the whole workforce to
strictly comply the COVID
precautions.
Restricting the handshakes and

hugging habits at the site.
Prohibiting the sharing food habits

at the site.
Direct face to face meetings is

avoided. Conducting the virtual
meeting via zoom and MS teams.
Face masks usage mandatory at

the site.
Provided the PPE’s (face masks,

cover all, gloves, and other
adequate PPE’s) to workforce.
Hazard No# 13 The hand tools users, and All hand tools provided in good Advice the hand tools users to never carry 2 Days HSE Officer
nearby workers might be condition with routine tools up a ladder by hand and never carry
Work harmed. maintenance. pointed tools in dress pockets.
Equipment
If hand tools users misusing Hand Tool Safety training has Advice the hand tools users to be aware 2 Days HSE Officer/
Use of Hand the hand tools and using been provided to all operatives; of the nearby people around and make Site Supervisor
tools Chisels, damaged tools, thrown the sure they stay clear of the tools are using.
hammer, cutter, hand tools from one location Operating hand tools within the
screwdriver, to another, from one manufacturer's guidance.
wrench, etc. employee to another or Competent supervision shall be provided. 2 Days Site Engineer
dropped from scaffolds or All operatives will receive pre-work
other elevated platforms will toll box talks briefings; Advice the hand tools users to report the 2 Days HSE Officer
leads a serious personal damaged tools to the supervisor.
injury to them and long with

completed title
(within …)
common injuries such as All Hand tools pre-use inspections Tools displaying signs of wear or damage Hand Tools
cuts, lacerations, and done by operatives; shall be segregated, then tagged, isolated 2 Days Users/
bruises, the frequent and with red tag in store to avoid the usage HSE Officer
prolonged use of hand tools Hand tools shall only be used for and returned to stores for repair /
can cause soreness, aches, their designed purpose, and within disposal;
pains, and fatigue, which, its intended purpose of design.
when ignored, can lead to e.g. Chisels shall not be used as Advice the hand tools users to never be
chronic musculoskeletal screwdrivers; thrown tools from one location to another, 1 Day HSE Officer
injuries (MSIs) of various from one employee to another or dropped
kinds, fall of tools from Tools with cutting edges / blades from scaffolds or other elevated platforms.
height lead a head injury. sheathed when not in use to
prevent accidental cuts / Hand tools with cutting edges / blades 1 Day Site Supervisor
abrasions; shall be sharpened by Authorized persons
only;
Tools with handles displaying
splinters, burrs, cracks, splits shall Ensure the toe-boards are provided to the
not be used; scaffolding platforms to prevent the hand 2 Days Scaffolding
tools & materials falling from height. Supervisor
Impact tools such as hammers,
chisels, punches that have
mushroomed heads shall not be
used;
The completion of makeshift

repairs, or use of home-made /
site fabricated tools shall not be
permitted on site;
Tools shall not be carried in a

persons’ hands when climbing
ladders;
When required at heights, tools

carried in tool belts or hoisted
using hand lines;

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Hand tools transported in tool

boxes or tool belts;
Tools should not be carried in

one’s clothing;
When working at height, tools shall

be secured with lanyards wherever
possible;
When tools are passed from one

person to another, sharp points
and cutting edges shall be faced
away from both parties wherever
possible;
Competent workers only allowed

to handle the tools.
Avoiding loose clothing, jewellery

to avoid get caught in a tool.
All personnel shall use proper

PPEs like safety goggles, hand
leather gloves, cut resistant gloves
helmet, dust mask, safety shoes,
HiVi vest.

Part 3: Prioritise 3 actions with justification for the selection
Suggested word counts
Moral, general legal and financial arguments for all actions: 300 to 350 words
For EACH action:
Specific legal arguments: 100 to 150 words
Likelihood AND severity: 75 to 150 words
How effective the action is likely to be in controlling the risk: 100 to 150 words
Moral, general legal and financial arguments for ALL actions
Moral Arguments
Moral, general legal and financial
arguments ABC Builders LLC. has the moral and ethical responsibility as well accountability to make certain
and provide safety and well-being for the employee personnel. All employees inside the
organization coming for work to earn some money and cash by salary for pleasing their family’s
desires. ABC Builders LLC workers families are absolutely relying upon their ABC Builders LLC
employees’ income. In case of small injury accidents or big deadly injuries, the people might be
getting accidents and lose their life, then injured worker families will have an effect on mentally
and felt very awful and can’t be capable of manipulate each day wishes and setting poor impact on
their dependents. Utmost huge loss, injured workers and their families may face due to the
accidents. When one joins a work, they wanted to go to a place where they will feel safe and
secured. And it is the moral duty of any employer to keep the workplace safe for the employees.
As if the workplace is safe and if the workers are feeling safe, they will love to come to work, and it
will be a safer and happy place to work.
The following below unsafe situation are morally unacceptable also leads a serious or fatal
accidents to the employees.
 Load Handling Equipment: Mobile Crane Automatic Safe Load Indicator device is not
installed, this circumstances failed to alert the crane operator if the lift is exceeding the
safe operating range of the machinery which leads a crane accidents.
 Movement of people and vehicles: Observed movement of the vehicles and heavy equipment’s,
reversing the vehicles at the site without flagmen which leads a huge traffic accidents.
 Fire: Observed the flashback arrestors are not installed on the outlets of both regulators,
and torch inlets which is unacceptable and high risk to create the flashback fire accidents.

Due to those kinds of high risky hazardous situations will reduce the employees’ morale, quality
and productivity of the enterprise can be affected adversely. If the above risks associated to the
construction site and their worker, make the individual employees unable to move home secure
and sound or making not able the worker to carry-on his activity, then those consequences placed
negative impact on their dependents.
ABC Builders LLC shall fulfill their morally responsibility by providing the safe place of work, safe
plant and equipment, safe system of work, providing information, instruction, trainings and making
a person competent to avoid the accidents and improving the well-being for the employees. If
company is taking all necessary additional control measures mentioned in the risk assessment to
eliminate or reduce the risk, then it may also lead toward the development of negative culture
within organization. Implementation of measures which I prioritized will help to justifies moral
argument considerably. In case there are several accidents and ill health conditions in the
workplace, morality of the workers will be reduced significantly. So, the company must provide
reasonably practical control measures in order to protect the workers.
Legal Arguments
ABC Builders LLC has the legal responsibility to fulfilling the international and local government
legal compliance at the site. ABC Builders LLC Employer has a legal duty to provide safe place of
work, safe equipment and material and full safety compliance as per the ILO (C155) & (R 164) and
BOCW act legal codes, local safety code of practice. Local government also have developed
legislations for ABC Builders LLC to meet the legal compliance and expectation of society. So,
failure to follow the legal obligation of organization may leads to enforcement action by
enforcement agency. If these laws are violated ends up in an accident, following an accident there
will be enforcement action in the form of legal fines against company and persons also
imprisonment of concerned person. So, to avoid this legal action against organization, ABC
Builders LLC have to protect health and safety of workers by controlling risk and preventing
accidents and incidents. To prevent these actions recommended control measures in the risk
assessment have to implement at work site.
Financial Arguments
However, any workplace accidents which mentioned such as crane accidents, traffic accidents and fire
accidents, etc. costs huge money loss, economics costs that employer must be faced from accident are direct
and indirect costs, examples are given below.
Direct cost such as first aid treatment costs, lost time of injured worker, sick pay, medical costs, and
compensation fined imposed in criminal court to the workers due to accident / incident from accident
due to the absence of above effective control measures. Also, the costs which need to be paid for
repair and replacement of damaged equipment. and any continued payments to worker or family.
The indirect cost which arises from the accident / incident due to non- implementation of

recommended control measures are loss of worker from the production line to investigate
accident or prepare report, cost of recruiting and retaining temporary or replacement of labour,
cost of general difficulties in recruiting and retaining the staff and cost of remedial action following
in investigation. As well as worker morale will be reduced due to non-implementation of control
measures leads to the loss of goodwill of customer for failed to follow the order date can cause
damage of public image and business reputation.
To avoid the economic costs, ABC Builders LLC must prevent the accidents/ incidents from occurring it by
managing health and safety properly. ABC Builders LLC required to have the good safety commitment to
provide a safe and healthy workplace, conduct its business activities in a manner that protects environment,
achieve, and maintain customer satisfaction through the continual improvement.
Justification for action 1
Action Install a an Automatic Safe Load Indicator (ASLI) on mobile cranes to alert the operator if the lift is
exceeding the safe operating range of the machinery and controls the lifting equipment to the level
that it tries to keep the crane functioning as per the manufacturer's suggested safety charts.
(Hazard Category: Load Handling Equipment).
ILO, R175 - Safety and Health in Construction Recommendation, 1988 (No. 175), LIFTING APPLIANCES
Specific legal arguments AND LIFTING GEAR section 24th point states that every lifting appliance having a single safe working load
and every item of lifting gear should be clearly marked with its maximum safe working load. 25th states that
every lifting appliance having a variable safe working load should be fitted with effective means to indicate
clearly to the driver each maximum safe working load and the conditions under which it is applicable. 26th
states that a lifting appliance or item of lifting gear should not be loaded beyond its safe working load or loads,
except for testing purposes as specified by and under the direction of a competent person. 28th point states
that where necessary to guard against danger, no lifting appliance should be used without the provision of
suitable signalling arrangements or devices.
ILO, R175 - Safety and Health in Construction Recommendation, 1988 (No. 175), TRANSPORT, EARTH-
MOVING AND MATERIALS-HANDLING EQUIPMENT section 31st point states that adequate signalling or
other control arrangements or devices should be provided to guard against danger from the movement of
vehicles and earth-moving or materials-handling equipment. Special safety precautions should be taken for
vehicles and equipment when manoeuvring backwards.
If these laws are violated ends up in an accident, following an accident there will be enforcement action in the
form of legal fines against company and persons also imprisonment of concerned person. So, to avoid this
legal action against organization, ABC Builders LLC must implement this recommended priority action to
protect health and safety of workers and preventing accidents and incidents.

Details of likelihood and severities that associated with each level is considering as shown in below.
Consideration of likelihood AND severity
Likelihood Categories:
1. Rare Very Less Chances
2. Possible Less Chances
3. Likely Medium Chances
4. Often High Chances
5. Frequent/Almost Certain Very High Chances
Severities Categories:
1. Minimal No injury or damage occurred
2. Minor Injury requiring first-aid and/or slight damage caused to
plant/equipment/buildings
3. Major Injury requiring hospital treatment/stay and/or significant damage caused to
plant/equipment/buildings
4. Catastrophic Death and/or irreparable damage to plant/equipment/buildings.
Steel staircase installation activities ongoing by using mobile crane, carrying out the heavy weight steel
staircases lifting, steel staircases columns lifting, and installing this steel staircases to outside the building for
roof access. But, mobile crane Automatic Safe Load Indicator device is not installed, this circumstances failed
to alert the crane operator if the lift is exceeding the safe operating range of the machinery. Therefore,
likelihood of crane lifting accidents to cause from this hazard is very high, that is frequent/almost certain
due to the unavailability of suitable warning devices like Mobile Crane Automatic Safe Load Indicator device.
Due to more duration, more frequency, more exposure of the mobile crane lifting operation such as lifting and
installation of steel staircase and steel columns, around more than 100 people, such as crane operator,
rigger, lifting supervisor, banks man, nearby workers, and members of public like visitors and others might be
harmed. Due to unavailability of Automatic Safe Load Indicator, this mobile crane would topple while lifting a
Steel staircase loads due to overloaded mobile crane. If the load exceeds capacity for given radius or
configuration, swinging or sudden dropping of loads, ground collapses due to excess ground pressure, the
load itself causes an imbalance that throws the crane out of rated capacity (beaks, moves, deforms), excess
wind in extreme conditions can also cause horizontal forces on the crane and load that cause sufficient
imbalance for collapse and cause overloading.
Lifting and installation of steel staircase and steel columns without Automatic Safe Load Indicator device
might leads a crane overturning and fall of loads, it will lead to a fatal accidents and property damages, also
due to breaking of lifting loads that attached to load and as result of it, multiple fractures, head injuries,
permanent disabilities, traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, amputations and death might be caused
to workers. Therefore, Level of severity/consequences for this hazard is also very high such as, major
injuries requiring hospital treatment and catastrophic death also property damages like significant damage
caused to plant/equipment/buildings.

How effective the action is likely to be in The intended impact of this action is more effective and prevent the crane accidents. Automatic Safe Load
controlling the risk. This should include: Indicator (ASLI) is an operational aid that warns a crane operator of approaching overload conditions and
over hoist conditions that could cause damage to equipment and personnel. The ASLI can keep the crane
 the intended impact of the action; safe from accidents and help the operator to verify all the necessary parameters to work in the right and
 justification for the timescale that you practical way, so the likelihood of risks due to the overloading could be greatly reduced and making the good
indicated in your risk assessment; impact to prevent accidents. If an Automatic Safe Load Indicator (ASLI) device has been installed on mobile
and cranes, it will alert the operator if the lift is exceeding the safe operating range of the machinery, further
 whether you think the action will fully displayed in the operator's cabin for his benefit, this ASLI device will physically lock the machinery in
control the risk. circumstances it determines to be unsafe. ASLI safe load indicator has the capability of detecting the angle,
weight of load lifted, and ground radius of any lifting device. It controls the lifting equipment to the level that it
tries to keep the machinery functioning as per the manufacturer's suggested safety charts. ASLI systems are
usually composed of a microprocessor connected to various sensors on the crane itself. The SLI measures
the angle and extension of the boom along with the load weight and compares this with the manufacturer's
specifications to determine if the lift is safe.
ASLI is a computer system that uses sensors including angle sensors, pressure sensors and load sensors as
well as rope length to calculate the load on the hook at the actual radius. This is compared against a
manufacturers load chart to evaluate if the crane is within safe lifting limits and to prevent operator actions
(boom down that may increase radius, for instance) that may increase the moment acting on the crane which
is likely to put it at risk of tipping or breaking. The ASLI can be monitored by the crane operator closely, and it
shall signal the operator when the capacity limit is approached, in order to prevent failures and minimizing
loss of material and equipment but also minimize loss of lives for workers who are working in close proximity
to load lifting cranes.
Project manager and crane supplier both are the responsible persons for this action. I have given a
timescale of 02 working days is enough for project manager to complete the action by instructing the crane
supplier to install the Automatic Safe Load Indicator (ASLI) safety device for mobile crane to reduce the
risk and the budget for the ASLI safety device will be agreed by the top management. After installing the
ASLI on mobile cranes, Mechanical engineer/HSE engineer, both will ensure the proper functioning of the
installed Load Moment Indicator safety device on mobile cranes. It will be highly effective in reducing the risk.
So, this actions can be completed very quickly within 2 days’ time frame.
This action alone can effectively control the hazard, in addition with other existing and suggested control
measures like, lifting plan implementations & communications, accurate functioning of the installed ASLI, pre-
tests to ensure the good working functions of the ASLI safety device, reverse alarms, safe angle indicators
and anemometer, planned preventive maintenance, always lift up to SWL (safe working load) with reference
to the (ASLI), rigging log to be maintained, slings to be stored in a dry storage area, away from heat and
chemicals..,etc. these all control measures will control the hazard fully.

Action Trained & Certified Flagmen(4 No’s) shall be deployed for all Heavy vehicles (Excavator, Telehandler,
JCB) and other long vehicles for safe movement of people and equipment/heavy vehicle at the site
and help the drivers & operators to avoid traffic hazards and to avoid the potential of hitting
pedestrian people and other equipment.
(Hazard Category: Movement of people and vehicles)
ILO C167 - Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988 (No. 167), Article 16 transport, earth-
Specific legal arguments moving and materials-handling equipment stated that, all vehicles and earth-moving or materials-handling
equipment shall be operated by workers who have received appropriate training in accordance with national
laws and regulations. On all construction sites on which vehicles, earth-moving or materials-handling
equipment are used, traffic shall be so organised and controlled as to secure their safe operation.
ILO R175 - Safety and Health in Construction Recommendation, 1988 (No. 175), transport, earth-moving
and materials-handling equipment stated that, adequate signalling or other control arrangements or devices
should be provided to guard against danger from the movement of vehicles and earth-moving or materials-
handling equipment. Special safety precautions should be taken for vehicles and equipment when
manoeuvring backwards.
If these laws are violated ends up in an accident, following an accident there will be enforcement
action in the form of legal fines against company and persons also imprisonment of concerned
person. So in order to avoid this legal action against organization, ABC Builders LLC have to
implement this recommended priority action to protect health and safety of workers and preventing
accidents and incidents.
Please see ‘justification’ 1 for likelihood and severity categories.
Movement of heavy equipment’s (Excavator, Telehandler, JCB) for excavation and backfilling activities as
well as materials shifting, materials loading, unloading, purposes at the site. Observed movement of the
vehicles and heavy equipment’s, reversing the vehicles at the site without flagmen. Due to more duration,
more frequency of the movement of heavy equipment’s and vehicles, more exposure of the pedestrian
workers with movement of heavy equipment’s and vehicles, around 120 people, such as heavy vehicles
(Excavator, Telehandler, JCB) operators, all pedestrian workers, all vehicle drivers, visitors might be harmed.
Therefore, likelihood of transport accidents to cause from this hazard is very high, that is frequent/almost
certain due to the continuous movements of vehicles and heavy equipment’s without suitable trained &
certified flagmen.
Pedestrian’s workers are vulnerable where vehicles are being used, if pedestrians and vehicles sharing the
same routes, problems can arise where shared routes are used if drivers don’t see pedestrians. This may
happen for several reasons, including blind corners, poor lighting or vehicles travelling too fast or going out of

allocated areas. It may also happen if people are not following site rules or if they have not been made aware
of the safety rules. Reversing vehicles cause particular problems for pedestrians as the driver of a wagon is
unable to see anything directly behind. If people don’t follow site rules they may leave their designated routes
and cross into the path of oncoming vehicles, or into areas where vehicles are reversing. If workers contact
and caught with moving heavy equipment’s and vehicles, causes major injuries and fatality on site;
Excavator, Telehandler, JCB vehicles at the site without the trained flagman, the operators and drivers will
drive their vehicles very speed, while reversing they can’t be able to see blind spots and not observing the
pedestrians’ movement, or other vehicle movement, it may collide with other vehicles or pedestrians who
move through it and permanent disabilities or even death might be caused to victims. Heavy vehicles
operators, all pedestrian Workers, drivers, visitors might be harmed due to striking of vehicle with workers
leads to minor injury, fatal injury or permanent fatality. If it is striking with any properties leads to property
damage also. Here in this case, therefore, Level of severity/consequences for this hazard is also very high
such as, major injuries requiring hospital treatment and catastrophic death also property damages like
significant damage caused to plant/equipment/buildings.
How effective the action is likely to be in The intended impact of this deploying Trained & Certified Flagmen (4 No’s) action is more effective and
controlling the risk. This should include: reduce the traffic accidents at the site. Trained & Certified Flagmen (4 No’s) deployed for all Heavy vehicles
(Excavator, Telehandler, JCB) and other long vehicles for safe movement of people and equipment/heavy
 the intended impact of the action; vehicle at the site, Trained & Certified Flagmen are another set of eyes for the vehicle drivers and operators
 justification for the timescale that you to ensure that work goes on safely, these competent flagmen helps the drivers & operators to avoid traffic
indicated in your risk assessment; hazards and to avoid the potential of hitting pedestrian people and other equipment and ensure safe parking
and by their using hand signals, flags and direction signs to direct traffic around construction sites. These trained
 whether you think the action will fully competent flagmen can able to control the site traffic and alert the site pedestrian workers and ensures the
safe movement of people and vehicles at the construction site and to direct drivers while they are taking
control the risk.
reversing in site. So, the likelihood of risks due to could be greatly reduced, risk rating will reduce to
acceptable level and making the good impact to prevent vehicle accidents.
Responsible persons for this priority action are Project Manager and HSE Engineer. I have given a
timescale of 02 working days is enough for project manager and HSE Engineer to complete the action to
reduce the risk. A time period of 02 working days is enough for the project manager for getting budget
approval from the project director to deploy a trained certified flagmen by 3rd party for controlling the flow of
traffic around construction sites to control the movement of vehicles. Project director surely will give approval,
to effectively control high risks and reduce to low risk level. HSE Engineer will give internal trainings and
proper HSE induction for deployed flagmen, so, this action will be completed within 02 days.
The above action alone can effectively control the hazards, in addition with other existing and suggested
control measures like site logistic plan implementations, one-way traffic systems, without flagmen not allowed
to vehicles and equipment’s, refresher trainings, roundabout, zebra crossing lines, speed breakers., etc... can
fully control the risk.

Action For hot work activities, welding and cutting works, to prevent flashbacks, flashback arrestors must be
installed on the outlets of both regulators, and torch inlets.
(Hazard Category: Fire)
Specific legal arguments ILO, C167 - Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988 (No. 167), Article 29, FIRE PRECAUTIONS
states that, the employer shall take all appropriate measures to avoid the risk of fire; combat quickly and
efficiently any outbreak of fire; bring about a quick and safe evacuation of persons. Sufficient and suitable
storage shall be provided for flammable liquids, solids and gases.
ILO - REPRESENTATION (article 24) - MEXICO - C150, C155, C170 – 2009 sated that, Paragraph (l)
Analysis of potential risks relating to welding and cutting activities carried out at the workplace in accordance
with the provisions of Chapter 7 of NOM-027-STPS-2000 and to serve as a basis for establishing preventive
measures for the protection of workers, third parties and workplace installations.
ILO, C167 - Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988 (No. 167), Article 28, Health hazards stated
that, Where workers are required to enter any area in which a toxic or harmful substance may be present, or
in which there may be an oxygen deficiency, or a flammable atmosphere, adequate measures shall be taken
to guard against danger.
If these laws are violated ends up in an accident, following an accident there will be enforcement action in the
form of legal fines against company and persons also imprisonment of concerned person. So, to avoid this
legal action against organization, ABC Builders LLC have to implement this recommended priority action to
protect health and safety of workers and preventing accidents and incidents.
Please see ‘justification’ 1 for likelihood and severity categories.
Hot work activities welding and cutting works are ongoing at the site. Observed the flashback arrestors are
not installed on the outlets of both regulators, and torch inlets which is unacceptable and high risk to create
the flashback fire accidents. It clearly shows unsafe condition safety violations and high risk to create the fire
accidents. Without flashback arrestors, If the torch and/or regulator are misused, flashbacks are commonly
caused by a reverse flow of oxygen into the fuel gas hose (or fuel into the oxygen hose), producing an
explosive mixture within the hose. The flame can then burn back through the torch, into the hose and may
even reach the regulator and the cylinder. Flashbacks can result in damage or destruction of equipment, and
could even cause the cylinder to explode. Therefore, likelihood of fire accidents to cause from this
hazardous unsafe condition is very high, that is frequent/almost certain, due to the high possibilities of
flashback fires because of unavailability of flashback arrestors.
Due to more duration, more frequency, more usage of the hot work activities, welding and cutting works, more
exposure of the hot work activity, around 120 people, like, Hot work user’s welders, fire watchers, all workers

nearby the welding and cutting works and near by the gas cylinders and flammable materials, supervisors,
visitors, members of public might be harmed. A flashback is an ignition of mixed gases which flows back to
the source of the gases such as the hose, regulator, and cylinder at a speed which is greater than five times
the speed of sound, creating the risk of injury or equipment damage. When a backfire takes place in a mixing
chamber, unless shut off the oxygen valve, the flame burning in the torch head may ignite gases in the hoses
and result in a flashback. A flashback is an explosion that progresses through the torch, hoses, regulators,
and into the cylinders. Consequence can range from a burst hose to a violent explosion of the regulator and
cylinders. Health hazards from welding, cutting operations include exposures to metal fumes and to ultraviolet
(UV) radiation. Safety hazards from these operations include burns, eye damage, electrical shock, cuts, and
crushed toes and fingers.
If workforce is mishandled the gas cylinders or stored incorrectly, can cause burn injury, serious fire and
explosions and fatal accidents due to the sparks that eject from the any naked flames. Here in this case,
Level of severity/consequences for this hazard is also very high such as, major injuries requiring hospital
treatment and catastrophic death also property damages like significant damage caused to
plant/equipment/buildings and irreparable damage to plant/equipment/buildings.
How effective the action is likely to be in The intended impact of this flashback arrestor action is more effective and prevent the fire accidents. If
controlling the risk. This should include: flashback arrestor device used in welding and cutting, this helps to stop the flame from burning back up into
the equipment, stop a flame in its tracks to prevent flashback into cylinders and causing damage or
 the intended impact of the action; explosions. So, the likelihood of fire risks due to could be greatly reduced, risk rating will reduce to
 justification for the timescale that you acceptable level and making the good impact to prevent fire accidents. The flashback arrestor is made out of
indicated in your risk assessment; porous sintered stainless steel that allow the gas to pass through it. The flame front will not be able to
and penetrate this barrier and will be extinguished. The flashback arrestor usually contains an element which
 whether you think the action will fully consist of narrow passages through a wire mesh or metal foam and contains a pressure/temperature
actuated cut-off valve, When a flame enters the element, it is quickly cooled by the cold surface of the
control the risk.
element and the flame is extinguished. A flashback arrester allows flow to occur in one direction only. If there
is a reverse flow, the arrester quenches the fire with a wet or dry barrier. This flashback arrestor device
protects the user and the equipment from any damage or from getting the gas cylinder exploded. This is
imperative to prevent potentially deadly explosions and to maintain a safe workplace environment.
Flashback arrestors helps to prevent:
 Further gas flow in the case of pressure shocks.

 The entry of air or oxygen into the distribution line or single cylinders.
 Flashbacks which are the rapid propagation of a flame down the hose.
 Further gas flow in the event of a burn back.
However, Flashback arrestors provide years of automatic protection against many types of accidents
including flashbacks, reverse flow of hazardous gases, hose fires (when equipped with a thermal shut off)
which could lead to lost time accidents, and equipment damage far exceeding their cost. By any measure,
they are a good investment, which will pay off for many years with routine maintenance.

Responsible persons for this priority action are Project Manager/ Mechanical Engineer. I have given a
timescale of 02 working days is enough for Project Manager to complete the action by immediately procuring
the good quality suitable flash back arrestors by using the project petty cash, then mechanical engineer will
arrange the competent persons to installing the flashback arrestors on the outlets of both regulators, and
torch inlets to prevent s the flashback fire accidents. So, this action will be completed within 02 days because
of the high risk.
The above actions can effectively control the hazards in addition with other existing and suggested control
measures like, 3rd party competency trainings for welders and hot work users and instruct them to before hot
works welding, take time to inspect the equipment which are using to be sure check valves and flashback
arrestors have been installed to prevent a deadly cylinder explosion, 3rd party inspection for welding
equipment and accessories, joins and connectors on oxygen and acetylene hoses/valves to be tested for
leaks using soapy water, use a proprietary leak detecting spray or solution suitable for use with oxy/fuel
systems, to check all fittings prior to use, soapy water or solutions containing grease or oils should NOT be
used on oxygen systems;., etc… can fully control the risk.
Part 4: Review, communicate and check

Suggested word counts for each section:
 Planned review date or period and reasoning for this: 50 - 100 words
 How the risk assessment findings will be communicated and who needs to know the information: 100 - 150 words
 Follow up on the risk assessment: 100 - 150 words.
Planned review date/period with The risk assessment must be reviewed and updated in every twelve months according to the HSE policy of
reasoning the organization. So, the next review date will be on 27.02.2023. But, in case any major accidents change in
management or policy happens inside the organization, this risk assessment should be reviewed according to
the change.
How the risk assessment findings will be I will schedule a meeting to discuss the suggested control measures with the Project Manager & HSE
communicated AND who you need to tell Manager. I will propose control measures and recommend ways to continue enforcing them on the site. Along
with the applicable codes from the standards I referred to, I will inform them of the legal duty. I will also inform
them how we will gain from such good practices by adopting them and will reassure them if they express any
doubts. Then I will communicate to all workforces about the importance of ASLI on mobile crane, flagmen
importance, flashback arrestor importance and other high risk controls. After I will provide a copy of my
findings and report as hard copy and soft copy with follow up date via email. Then I will have a talk with Site
Engineer and site supervisor for including my findings in toolbox talks and necessary changes to be
implemented and the same copy of report will be provided with follow up dates. I will also communicate the
same with all concerned employees including workers through safety committee meetings and toolbox talks.

How you will follow up on the risk I will follow-up on the risk assessment findings, status of the action taken ex. ASLI on mobile crane, flagmen
assessment to check that the actions deployments, flashback arrestor installations, I will have my mail and outlook reminders for following up about
have been carried out the action of designated persons towards the end of time frame given. I will make a dated chart for the
recommendations in which daily progress towards the recommendation have to be added. I will speak to the
responsible persons to check the progress against each section and the actions that was carried out under
method of statement. I will be monitoring continuously for workplace improvement and working condition for
risk free atmosphere at workplace. I will also communicate with project director who deals with providing the
resources which needed for the completion of the recommended control measures. If the actions should be
on target or what issues and reasons are to be in the way to complete business. All the issues in daily
progress will be rectified as soon as possible by discussing with concerned department. The effectiveness
and risk reduction capacity of the implemented safety measures will be continuously monitored, if there is a
chance to make workplace safer then more suggestions will be provided. Actions that are very overdue, late
completion of project will be referred to employer via responsible person.

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Unit IG2: Risk assessment

You should aim to complete this section in 150 - 200 words.

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 1 of 39

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 2 of 39

Organisation name: ABC Builders LLC.

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 3 of 39

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 4 of 39

When steel staircase columns is in

Beam clamps or slings to be used

Where slings are used to lift steel

Steel erection shall be carried out

Tag lines/Guide ropes used by the

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 5 of 39

Wind conditions to be monitored

Crane shall not be allowed to be

Stop the lifting activities during

Slings and chains to be protected

Suitable hand protection used

Use of appropriate PPE’s such as

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 6 of 39

All adequate PPEs and Ear plugs

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Use of appropriate PPE’s such as

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 8 of 39

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 9 of 39

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 10 of 39

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 11 of 39

Proper cable management

Multi-socket connections are

Double-Insulated cables are used.

Daily TBT and internal trainings

Awareness crated to workforce

Hi-Voltage emergency first aid kit

Provided the appropriate non-

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 12 of 39

Repetitive manual handling, Potential pinch points are

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All relevant workers are trained,

Physically fit persons only allowed

Concrete block materials stored in

Proper housekeeping maintained

Good quality gloves, steel toe cap

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 14 of 39

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 15 of 39

If workforce is mishandled Hoses / headpiece not to be left in

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 16 of 39

Fire watcher deployed during hot

Work to cease in the event of an

“NO SMOKING POLICY”

Maintained all firefighting

Firefighting training provided to all

All adequate correct PPE’s

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Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 18 of 39

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 19 of 39

Exclusion zone has been provided

All scaffolds used on the project

All scaffolds shall be footed using

Only fully boarded scaffolding

All scaffolds erected with a

All scaffolds provided with safe

All scaffolds shall be inspected by

Learner number: 00663146 Learner name: Hendry Lukas Timothy Page 20 of 39

Scaff tag system followed for all