Gerund

Gerund: Verb-Gi Present form Gi mv‡_ ing hy³ n‡q hw` Zv

Noun I Verb-Gi KvR GK ms‡½ m¤úbœ K‡i Zv‡K Gerund e‡j|
Ex. Swimming is a good exercise.
He started reading.
Gerund Participle Infinitive Avm‡j Gerund GK cÖKvi Noun, Noun parts of speech wn‡m‡e e¨envi nq|
1. Walking is a good exercise.
2. I like reading.
3. I am running in the field. Uses of Gerund
4. My hobby is gardening. (i) Verb Gi Subject iƒ‡ct Walking is a good exercise.
5. He is fond of reading.
6. I saw a boy playing football. (ii) Verb Gi Object iƒ‡ct I like reading.
7. I heard her singing. (iii) Preposition Gi Object iƒ‡ct He is fond of reading.
(iv) Compound Noun iƒ‡ct This is my reading room.

Gerund: Verb+ing Extra: My hobby is gardening.

1. Avm‡j Gerund GK cÖKvi Noun.
I am fond of playing football.
2. It Øviv sentence ‰Zix Kivi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. for Øviv sentence ‰Zix Kivi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| This is a sleeping room.
4. ‡gvU K_v Noun Gi gZ A_© cÖKvk Ki‡e| Drinking water (water for Drinking)
laughing gas (gas for laughing)
Participle: Verb+ing a walking stick (a stick for walking)
1. Avm‡j Patriciple GK cÖKvi Adjective.
2. Noun /Pronoun Gi †`vl, ¸Y, Ae¯’v cÖKvk Ki‡e|
3. Continuous Tense Gi avivevwnK KvR eySv‡e|
4. As, Since, Because (hy³ Sentence simple n‡j)
Ex: Since the water is cold, I can not drink it.
The water being cold I can not drink it.
5. See, hear, feel, smell, listen, notice, watch-G Verb ¸‡jvi
Object iƒ‡ct I saw a boy playing football.
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 Participle Infinitive
To + base form of a verb
Participle : Verb-Gi †h iƒc GKB mv‡_ Verb I Adjective-Gi
A_©vr Verb Gi Present form-Gi c~‡e© to ewm‡q Infinitive MwVZ nq|
KvR m¤úbœ K‡i, Zv‡K Participle e‡j|
Infinitive †Kvb Subject-Gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ bq| Bnv ïay Verb-Gi fve
Kinds of Participle eySvq| Number, Person I Tense-‡f‡` Gi †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv|
1. Present Participle Ex. He wants to buy a pen.
2. Past Participle
3. Perfect Participle To swim is a good exercise.
Avm‡j Infinitive GK cÖKvi Noun, Noun parts of speech wn‡m‡e e¨envi nq|
Avm‡j ParticipleGK cÖKvi Adjective, Adjective parts of speech
wn‡m‡e e¨envi nq|
Form of Infinitive
1. Uses of Present Participle : (Verb+ing) form
Ex: I am running in the field. (i) Present Indefinite: to walk, to play.
Don’t try to catch the running train. (ii) Present Continuous: to be playing, to be walking.
Closing the door, he went back to work.
(iii)Perfect: to have played, to have worked.
Uses of Participle (iv) Perfect Continuous: to have been playing.
(i) Noun Gi c~‡e© e‡mt A barking dog seldom bites.
(ii) Continuous Tense MVb Ki‡Zt She is singing. (v) Present Infinitive Passive: to be played, to be worked.
(iii) See, hear, feel, smell, listen, notice, watch-G Verb ¸‡jvi (vi) Perfect Infinitive Passive: to have been played.
Object iƒ‡ct I saw a boy playing football.
I heard her singing.
Since the water is cold, I can not drink it.
The water being cold I can not drink it.

2. Uses of Past Participle : (Verb-Gi Past Participle form)

Ex: I have finished my work.
We found the broken chain.
Rice is eaten by me.
3. Uses of Perfect Participle : (Having + Verb-Gi Past
Participle form)
Ex: The sun having set, we reached home.
Having done the work, he went home.
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 Some Practice
1. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
(a) Gerund (b) Paticiple (c)Infinitive
e¨vL¨v: stone ‡K we‡kølY (Modify) Ki‡Z A_ev Gi cwiPq w`‡Z †c‡i‡Q|

2. Throwing stone has become his habit. (cv_i wb‡ÿc)

(a) Gerund (b) Paticiple (c) Infinitive
e¨vL¨v: stone ‡K we‡kølY (Modify) Ki‡Z A_ev Gi cwiPq w`‡Z cv‡iwb|

3. Hearing a loud noise, we ran to the window.

(a) Gerund (b) Paticiple (c) Infinitive
e¨vL¨v: As, Since, Because (hy³ Sentence simple n‡j)
Continuous Tense Gi avivevwnK KvR eySv‡e|

4. I saw a man swimming in the pond.

(a) Gerund (b) Paticiple (c) Infinitive
e¨vL¨v: a man ‡K we‡kølY (Modify) Ki‡Z A_ev Gi cwiPq w`‡Z †c‡i‡Q|
See, hear, feel, smell, listen, notice, watch-G Verb ¸‡jvi Object iƒ‡ct

5. Having finished dinner, he went to bed.

(a) Gerund (b) Paticiple (c) Infinitive
e¨vL¨v: Perfect Participle

6. The sky being clear, the plane took off.

(a) Gerund (b) Paticiple (c) Infinitive
e¨vL¨v: Sub ‡K we‡kølY (Modify) Ki‡Z A_ev Gi cwiPq w`‡Z †c‡i‡Q|
e¨vL¨v: As, Since, Because (hy³ Sentence simple n‡j)
Continuous Tense Gi avivevwnK KvR eySv‡e|

7. Seeing is believing. (‡`Lvq wek¦vm)

(a) Gerund (b) Paticiple (c) Infinitive
e¨vL¨v: Sub ‡K we‡kølY (Modify) Ki‡Z A_ev Gi cwiPq w`‡Z cv‡iwb|

8. To err is human. inf.

(a) Gerund (b) Paticiple (c) Infinitive
9. I saw a reading room.
(a) Gerund (b) Paticiple (c) Infinitive
10. I saw a running train.
(a) Gerund (b) Paticiple (c) Infinitive

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