Post Tolizahon Evehs

Mk8.

INTRODUCTION
tetlizohon is o coplex paoce ss sdieh mvoves
Fusiow of mole amd female 3w.a.tefolosed by k
io of thein eytoplasn. Fetlizeiow begs Loik ke
p e ' apphoach fo ke e q omd emda oitt fsiom
oea md apm prowelei.T mvove a sei
evemta . The poce of se.k\i zah on hos dual

dependet Funehons (1) Bo coe te eg to atax

developim i.e. AehvoH ow,anài o ject o wole

halotd ucleu mo t ea eylopla, i.e.Ampkimiis

Actvoio myolyes i te Copleton of
econd marwiaion diviaio, if mor occwaud eoslien,

i ke ea9 coslex to fosm FeRlizaion membtame

ouride tke plooma membaama, ii) th e<yD}asm

to atas Yaious matobolie hescho amd iv) s i l e i

tion of ibais fo>n eleavoage by Cowtsuburion of
p Cemtaiole o ik egg Aphiixis t e mos
am mols
mpoatamt eve oecuimg im te ife of all
amd plamts omd imvolves the iweaminglimg of
Porenal ond motonol hnditahy ehasachos m tte
ofS puima,it atoe tke diploid aB»te of omimal call, |
and i mcluder qemeie vaniiatoa im te pece T
gRmHe VaniaH on paovi de tke 9eas moatesi als o te
notwal elec Row foa speciahon
 l e fatlizahow .oma hlizalon evemta ote occu

these ae A.eleonoqe
B.MouloHo
.Bloshiaion
D. Gasula Hon

E.Oaaomugpmesis
F.foxaion of extoembayunie
m Cak
Rmbrame
of Ovipakowy ami mal3 .

A.CLERVAGE
Azyaote divides by witosis mo 2
c ella colled
blostoerws omd tkom mto L4
blosto measby next bsis
omd tm imo ? amd o on,Tia divisi o of ta
to Foum a zyashe
sphacol mulheelulas body caledi
eleava qe. t e 7- 8 dviANows
Hke poce% 2ldp o
eyto ploumie wbstamea decaaed im
cowsidetable level
Definiion Te
paooaewive diwsiow of ke 2y ote by
wao ais to gos a
ww.kcellula bltula oilkour genarol
o stk of emmbayo i Called
eleavaqa *qmem.tatin,
on

Fearwe of Cleovage
Dwuma cleyaoe oloumoetus 0a eNenta
a a foumd.

The Uicellulo FaHked

e3 i
amfoama à by
napeH Hve maroie diyíion wo o
mlicellulon comlex -
 3

No ost
ocuu, ovly blatomaus mttaond
Twwbe
Cleovoq
3 cle ovoe divide t ubalamea
o te a imo
O wea
img wmbe of cells of
phoiNely decaa
4Te eybplasmic inb stomte
wclew so stam bur
taosfomad imto

quolitoaHve chomaer m t
chamical Compohow of thi
ea are \ated.
57 Tkou g tke
eleovoas funo paoceed gaduolly
au
r e oms, tk cowskhuan
pasr of ta eyolow
ea7 hot &laad ho
ane
amy qear extenr omd
smom on tke ohole m t
aawOHon i t t ou

eaboa cleaN-
Tamas of Cleavo
clevaap fwho L pm m diffoam Plam

Meudeial plameThis lam aoo1 iwer on

els bot f Fole oS t

eg Poa taovgh tte medi am

OD
i VexHcol pome-This plom divides the eg, Fom

wimal pole husaada tk Veoetal Pole.Tt dos het pam

T tki mdi am axth bur CouRs to eitu ide o

tweudowol plom

i)Eqnaial Plam- Te lame biec» e g i

mgle o t mdioam axi and hof iay beho een ki
imal anà veoetal poie

IVlaRdinall o - T plowne is mla D tke eqnad.

uo pome bul i faus touq eyo plam on
et
de oteguab ual plov.
 Vobliqe plame

Lluemce of yolk m
eleavoqe
Cleovoge im dfena types depemdiwq upo
poopeio o} eleaN oqewoo.Thea o9ua-

DHolobloske on
eomplete cleavaqa
Th eleaNaop dwovs divides te ega

Complehy 2o cmplere blesome aa ounad.s

type eleanage coled holobloske eleovage

y Eamal koloblosHe cleavonp Baomeios tovma, Pocamal
mawmaA.

Vnequal holslsie cleavoqe Al oampbiamEa

Mex doloshic oa cowplere eleovog

Wham elevaog ooo o nor
es
p%o cead
ngho ur t eay de to mce of exeaM anouwnt o
yolk amd 0 mC oslete blasomaas dayelsped ,tts called
mr.oblasHe 0s mc tmplete o
mpeRial eleoNoqe.
inyDeleaminomr eleavoq

Wk the eleovaoa hovo lowa a

date lone os apec ke hr tot apeies colled

daRain om eesNagR .

iv Tndatermmamr Cleovo
I Ris he ocleayaoe te eley ao
who does hor olloa a
dafute Poma

vOblte eleenNa

a a y kat wmeuive funoo does mor folo th

ammgle tota Pavios,tis % coled oblta eleavooe

CLEAVAGE 'ATTERN IN AMPHIOXUS

Zyore oBsomchioalovn catis vayltHe
amnbwt of yolk (iuoleit), o at t cdeavage fwou
divi da t 3gote completly. TLis type ocleavoge ih ced
total or Coplete
eleavege 0 heloblosHe eleovaoe, The
&ut amd 2d elevoe o a
mai donial 0n VNekieal amd
ar9 omq to each o radha a eqmal eall
0n
bloswmae. 3ad
eleaNoR \3 eqmaosual
omg
houzonly a iHle above mddle odueq 8
.

Dloy to o, .Th be a mae called witoabas

eleovoge h ewbay o fo a ball 1 t wmoh o

Gu calla (oa 128 cela) colled mola

CLERVAGE ParTERw Ia FRoa

I l so ta cleavo e is folowed ofh
paopeaHligaHow.Te elesvoge h holoblste buF eamal
type du o pAeca o Coi dr able amoum of yolh.The

Fir deNaoe weidonoP voiellySao

omimal o veoea Pole. T l &s tke uy tueemr (a
Cocehe post on p pHve blasropota) and 2y qole
o wo w la omd ywwmetcal Ce\\a wieh e a e n

Pko hgk omd les Mdu of uwu embayo amd adI.

Second cleove
Nog om ih olko
wu dional poMatkboý
Tpole but at i
omglo b Aa f r eleavoe
Pa
enal bloso m paodneada. T 3ad eleavagp
lhudina but Well above t e anato to oad
Omima pole. aafo ae ? blosomus am psnendomo
ieh u au maller a m à ase lag.
Cels
Ta up melle
an
paoviànd wit mall amowt o
yolk omd

Pne called iom9a. The \owe yolk cowtai

lange eel of veogrol pole ata colled wmagammas 0
matomes. wtn elevooe becomas len auon
md dfiedt lloo Te miehom dnda mnch
Fosen am ta magam dub pasenea o \s
owwowwt of yolk.
CLEAVAGE PATTERN IN CHICK
Iw ciek, cleovaag
begimy abou 3 hou, oj la
feaHlizoiow .Natke eog i motolesho ye havwga mal
posion o ommal pole Cyelk a) tka eleave qe potom ib
one Lshar djfeam.Cleaoge fumou3 do
nol exremd
.totka yolk bur cowPad tb tk Hny pmina) dink.

e mcowpleely.2nd cleove-qe i ao wc ompl ete but ar|

g u omgle o tk As resula wb 4 blastomaaAs .1

llbued by mo u mtomplele omd emlon hoaovs

m
hopid meeamio. Te ewrh Rhminal duk is u
Cr u wo hea o el, called biasbden.Ser
a

Mma og TK
eleavaqes ahe hoai zonal,tte bloy, odem t

veral call&
kieh.Tkis pe oupaReial eleanasy
knoun as dikcol dal omd menoblasHe cleavege .h
aga 30e of meg maste d eybflam called peblos
btes blosodirks oik TRe >olk mos oamm qa gon of

Jme ko.

O---
 StgiCamce o eleavaa
Th
icomce ocleavaa cowpaiwT ovavin

aseca. Subdivizio of tta mbayogenehie mbthote mo am

Aoy cel\\s, þaeporation far anà oce omonally evem
h a t o w of t paoces of cell
&ramtatow , 0a
diveiication amd t aahow of a call7gateloshaM
sich ttaanqh tk
actvity of moashoqena hie pocaas moy
be mbhected fultan mospholo qicoal chamgr

MoRULATION
T ehesed proe oelevge e t s m a hap of

omd
CohB svtcky blalomeas oieh aulooely o m d
Conais of namos avieas m behoeem am ThiA stooe of

davelopmet celed mosul becou of pa»lekel

Lesemblomce o o wlbesLY .Jh ta menaleuh) oVa meh

b l of eell nor omed, matRad a ploamo eonvex dine

Va nom of blabmeus i famd oeh moy be called a

M0sla.

BLASTULATION
blasomRes m T
moua staoe
h omgememr of
m0lo
m dfeamt poupa of molA.The
moy vaay
ml pho of davelopmeur called
s Glloued by
MAecewively
bloshula . As te eleavaoe o coeds t t a , t mmbe o
b l o o a s meeos omd thay un dego a phoound

aaA angememr.The adhusi ow of tke blosomeus to eaeh

ofR aoses omd ttay aroman tkmelves imv on m e

Ca e k taue ehtallum celled ta blosoda .Dua to

2cdhoaeme of blaomws to foan t blastedm on

w Aled spas os eavly coled ttu bloshocoe) p e o
s by adao cevteu behsam tt blosomanas,but

oCel.Tis hollo , phaiel amd uieittellal ick

embayoe 2onge coalled blashula amd the hooe of t
omaio t3 coled blhulati ow
liicamea O "BlashmlaHon
ReaaadleM of a i hohe ol boshalae aprer

omootio of paewnpHve oqm awmnq onsos

Dumblohubhow A moho paapHve 03q

minaneas of t whe embayonie body o
agated mb dafate poas of tHos to des.Te eacr
Pathen o& onongmma ofheu pawpHve os7om
Sw anaos Vo fhom pecies d speeies. \ka blasocoel
pemb te iotaion amà heamoamgtmmemY O fki
mahoa
paampHva oaqom mn a duun a
odmlaton.
 12.

GASTRULATION
L omy *y 0hgomiwm Hke paocs of develapmu sBas
o ain gle cell colled z79pte I umd
g0es tke paoco
aena.How aa eleovogg to amed i eluloan a

0la. A covity
devel ope wmsda te moulo amd o

Dloodesm foamed skich ho colled blohala. a

T pocex u caled bloyhulohow Thenafoa bloshula is a

awnle layeud embayo hoving Conthy called

Tbloubdomma cells eibtt dJaa wmd
blasocoe
a

of moaphogone-
teovemat uhich hol mb tk ormohon os a

blyed embayo kmovon a 2ostala his paocam

Coll ed ossahon .Tla paocas s
dhsa mcok oSG Sa
omd chick

Gxas, Ho Cambe defd

emwbayonie paoeeu
as am

volvn2 teomaHon o 0 layeed 03 3 lyead

osdoaom ingle loyered blosmla im idieh t
paawmHe cils of uho 0gom 3yahem o d okaomged
m0do
Mophogemaie moveme dwima Jamhmlah om

Fpiboly Fiboly vdves the hounal ten dumey o

epttlia aher o expamd mb Fee aeas oves a
ubabalwm,
Epibolie Ahoea wmally
ousida 0 ecodemmal oidh
oga

tend to emvelop amd noumd mnb 3haa.Tis ta olo

Caled
a¬VaginaHow , SomHmes ta hae expomds ova ad
a
le pot on te
nfnca olich t nouom o, cmvg

EbolyT Phomo wonow oppoaite o eibody *

KmoL os
emboly .Tn t paoean o3hasr of cella
mand omd
miorate
posi im wnd
onndigpoad loyt
owm

Tpaoeam camba clomihed b

folovo .
7woÅnaNon- Whmtelluotloy V
pwd im woad ,it Wmovn as
ainatHon .The calla ane
webud ata zpecfre poi.
iTwonon -
in t i paoea% a
mafacloy*
els oms maida l f omd Cowhw expamd alou
www wfau of A
ta powr o
wepAealloy .w cella Gom
wyadnaMom move by volHon o te
o å t e of mva wnasn
gination.
JhaAMion ond dolama ion- I n t ye
oemboly , mal hops of debedet ell xpaota
s0m aimany e}tlal loyer md miaare mv te
blasocoel os ofu embsyowe pat a
loya.
Dedomimalon hao e% a
special y
omaaiow tho fosms am maide hu by mob
anahum of aloyea of cala aom am eitaltu a
hamome ae widar m qotuloton of eheh.

Gasaloat on In Froq
l aog ebayo tku gollovan g mohogeonehie.
wem of calle Co>mative wwove vne) oce thar iamfovmad
t blosmla úwo a qat taula .

Eboy AStea eleavoaetk bloslomaa ofamimal

ole amd vegetal ole ade cle«sly disHme aga. duma to
omimal
aia Mze omd yolk Conter.The blosto maas of
pole comtaim malle amont of yolk amnd wmally
called
wmallea hkom The Veqral pole Thaw as
i
blavstomahes od vegetalPole a
weo maes amd TRe
miuomas diviàe tepidly buh 1e
gma.The

wagamahs a hdaHvely imat, A gold of hapidly dividvna

igmemte d cell of mioomees za drally ow ovea lgkt|
Coloused yolky ce \ 0 magomanA.Toadmally onelo 3

megmas Completely exepr ak agim o yolk plug

Ths evenr achieved by te phenomemon o epiboly.
Jn f epibdy exoio Com hor con H

da ihely
 5 Fosmaon of blasho po9a In*e beiing o eíboly,
a mall Chycahe oove oppeats posreodosually on

bloylo a liHle behind H edag of ay Cact.Jts

omte 0 plgmented maagim kmO au dos3 all, Ths

backwaadl, Þaonech ed lehl mongims colled latteal lp3

oà the Vemaaly mow
H1gmehad ts c-led vehal lips .
la waound o
dapraiow cled bayloposa . T s te
e i e poove beco mes a comlete cnele toough

emdoderm Mcaomaas m th
C Ivooinahim o
em md t i nagamer Jom a wwu endodom.
ectod
Aa h ectodesmal cells advomed i i megoamneros
w
onte Fovand blesdpose amd ondally mk m aida
tt Conpleton of blosbpoat , tte phole of yolky
memares of rwe emdodesm betome jemal.

d foamahiow ofoachoweron Hitt k taninq o

calla, t ealyea cueoie oove Rndmaly o s sdond

o oo Caviy.1ia Cvity î» knoudn o) nehonte.on 0n
p Hve mr siech opes outside tog blasoposa . ha a

l te adcoel 2hadually huduead and fhaly

obliteated.
 *

> J u t begiwima of epiboly , e advom

vo luMon
ehoade ealls become
lected
Cmahue nobehoad
eella OJ

03 humad gide Sound te

dasaal ltf o blaybpou Ty
nenael late cella slaeh howeve
te
extedbeneatt
.t t fosmahn of lafmd \
ema on tte a a s%ol aid
eella alao
blasoposa , te faw mgodeam ow

lip.Thenaly ty oeby posii v

Ovea ke ateral
behoee t a a u ekidemis
chodo cal
elkeride of e fke
ido aao aolla
ov

m d ndodawm
.Meodem of ventaoA

blosb eoel u
Conewaioon Jn a comsleted 3oxtsla, to
amd open
Aaekemtextn u well developed
obl1onte b a slih. Roo
ahich latex Jedmeed
blosbpoa
outide by cells omd
si des o
obehand
oachontea on
moade by
arclante.om cowains
o wmo d
eodem cel\ .loo o
dodesm al celk 1ohich ia viable lhoongh blasoposa
yolky em

layo coiutTof ech desm md

oules
ealle d yolk Plg.
hwnal blate . Foamahon of 3 u a hov copleted.

0-
 .

GASTRVLATION OF CHIeK
Stuchae of blashla >
The blastula of ewek is ome shar d nt as
yolk matei paen m moai ww.amowm. Te blasbde

ae ent ove tku yolk 3fnea At lote

layhsla 2lage tke blaso
dazm i fted
1 om d cavy
a
fhomne d hemeat A bdsbdum
T covidy s kwousn
oamboeaminal c ovlty Thue conm
Colle aua
pellucida. Tu ov oum di a umik mahqiho
0 peuphas.oal zons oblou.o daa y diac H tt
oyolk looks opaqu omd
n o
iaed
e amd is wwouon
opaCo A t
wmbepnmima) cavily ih os ao
blosla of hor
tme blashoro el,Te
a
chieu ofen ealle pando blos hmlon.
 nnHon o h phlm H
Nchseaves a s ovm n choa oa
moe om d

aak m ept blatt .CowHune d coyen genee o

otla Counts amltat oa elogatoh o
monl melo cemal
dank ,opaqalo*gimdiual
aiive «tauak PAna dahict »,

bomd.

wr

wdungo mvoluHom O un doonioo a amd spaend ou

wA pw*
behaaen h endodoim amd ecodasum
bl o cael
diarowH wos muodum loya aB 8tmr»aconwplkre
ha e ebayobecowno)
laye Tis ta late lo Atage
e c d dom , meoàm d
ploblshe olth 3 gemihal y R
edadum,
siRcomu of taurlat oO

ba gta paswnmphive shuehesGaoma poshomon h

exhenal nghea of H blashula m hau na snal posi Ho
a ebay

3T heceaay oa
fobmaon of t havos sy3km.
Com be
paoved by paovduemq abnaimal
Caled 2arala
cxo9audas o Gho.In ome campi
t e outea biom ea
þao}eetve membaom ota
0m exo anbve d tee
gastulaTn on
exogaupla tte emdoåRsmal
md mRo damn
al
blosomans evaoinate aai
wenare amd tLan
me:idvm iAmedo
oved olt din o nor
ecpdim, e ecodam
amam o\ate

Comelusio
The &eilizahion eauas tka wmal spee dbloi dy of

Ogomis by tk fwion o e male amdmale ponuncde .TH

t o dn es qenake Voia io n t 3ecies. TH achvotes ti eog
Sta eleaveg

Reeene
Deielopmendal biology by Seshy 4 ShukMa
i)Edocisl»gy anà
Rupaodeivebislopy by k.v. sSoy hy
n Pts Fown dhios o
Ebayoloy by Dma M, Cllon.