NAME SHIKNA SINGH

ExAMP OLL 20223 8OTO45

zooLDGr CPRACTICAL) elASSMAte
SOBTECT Date

ToPtC TrPEs OF EGG AND fRoG EMBAYO LD GY Page

Atm To study varrous stages of embryonic development 709

Fertllzed eg9 0 09

is is diploidc e u
Jn a fertHlized egrotatfom of oTtentaton Occus Du to h
phenomena ooplaam diferentfated into_upperpiameried ha
anímal hemTsþheuehighly black coloued cusunt shaped g1ty cuicant
and whftsh_paud e br Vegeta henmApheue

flearage a zygot ohoq-a lwo_cellnd stage

U

Fst cleavage plane is metdfonal, frst cleavage furro abpen

hea the atimal po0le and rogmesively extendy towands he vegttal
pote

fattern cleavage is holoblastfc Qnd Unequal and meisticín natuTe

o divisioH

b) oY celldstane

Set of cleavage is also meridional whfch StaTts before ho

Combleton o st and t is at right angle to he c i s t ,TeHng
into 4 blastomeiu equal size
V

c Cellod stag

2 clea/age s holoblastiHc and unequal reultHng I'nto ha cmaton

4micunmbuus and megameues Cleavage is horzotal_ but weu
Jouaud h anfmal polu
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Date
Paga:

d J6 CRLod stage

4 leaage plane is also ortenteol hom onimal tn vegetal holo

Ah Set o eluange is also ueutica pToduees l6 cellad Stage
Miupmeui diuidh more rapidty Qnd olk-lad en megamous odiuido
slosuby

e 3 celledtage

5clavage ib uneqval but orfgtnaly olouble orienteolpauaue fo 9

Cleaaqepoint blane Thu elavage seberdtu_mega and mesomeu into
Complete Set Ihe blasto meue assumes spheT+eal shape amd whole
embryo acquirek he shabe of mulbetny 5.0 callual morula Srtage

64_ Celloestage

Nert set 0f claawages au Veudieal mom animal pote to veqeta

pole dividei _micuomes and meqameiuns wsulHng tmto foxmatiom of
G ceed stage A his stage a Smau caviiyabpeau in
anfmal pot geneuáll and kwn wn as blasto.coel

Neulical Secnn O Alatala o 0

9H i a houou bau of_reuant sized ceu ebreenttng bloutuua

Stege in_olevelopment

Ihe hollow s.bate callcl blasto.coel andit ib eccontuically

plocoo towaud animal ho t
MiCuomews aluange HhumAeves into layey blato deun
 Amma Hemíspheu

Vegetal Huni sp heuu Stae Seco nd

Rrst cla'age
H- post fertfuzotiom.a3-
tage2 RTght sidet view a 3 . 5 HTs° CLeawage
ad 4 5
HOs

RTght side vfew

Posterior
view

Sae 5 Thtrd elaavage

5.4 hrs 8 cels
CLEAVAGE
6 CELLS

Miuo m CIEAVAGE
32 CELLg
BLASTOCOEL

V-$ OF LATE 6LASTULA

LRTE b L K CELLS
6LASTULA CoMacuo meul)
MouD mo
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VeLdiccuSection oauly aaliiula_ 0

Vaurous secdionk of eauly gaklulashou meuL 01 lL_difAeurntigtd

layeus

Notoch0rd and neural_plah au wel mauken in dorsall and drso

venttal bosiHons Blastbcoel lauge and SuTTOUnded by layeu a eall

Endodem s Veuy well deV eLoped Qnd enuloses qasbuncoe CCay/ity).

A small aua combrisinq mesodeum alLo Sean on Vermual stdo.

oaudposteior pole A small depression abbeaus toaud
posdeuior Vegitalpote tetical whíeh qfues Tfse to blasto pore quauded by
d0Tsal, lattial and vetiat fps

ErtodeYm_ Meso denm and endodeunn aue el dfAoentiogld

Notochord and meuTal plocda oe mankeol n dorsolatesalpositfon-
Aticheon also olerelnped and Ifes townuds d orsolateral 5idk
anteuiDrosf{on a weu u to dereopment 0f authenton
blastocoel i Teducad
adr ula has 3 qeuminal laue nhicth gfue nise to vaufous o79ans
J

An_eaulyheutuln o n

elongau quikly ond ocauiu head and ovotd bodu he

notoch07 xtend, frbm anteulu to p0st eudDT eno o emtuuo and a_
ode-fintu qut ib foim.d belon no tothorol he nural tohi doasal
to notochoTd fIked anteuforly ofom hu bTain
J
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Tad haleauva 0
Embryo develns mto tadpbla tauurO
9 &a smau6latkish_¢ih_uke animal
latval bndy ik diteuntiatd into head and tail
Body contasolfactoypft,eye udiment mouth sucheuh,
extenal gtils, qut and anu
ai i long andbeau ata fn_on 'D dorsa ond venial
Suac
MoUth contafnh homy faws or hony teeth
adpolelarva metamonph.oT es into adultro09
 Rematns blautoeol
AvehetTOn Notoord tal

Arima po MiomeL
E c t od m
Blastotobd

porsal

Amu- Yolk Puug

6lasto ma

Ven tya Up
8lauto
Pore
blastopote
QDRSAL ()
CA) Venral
mubdeNm
Meaaum tén do d eum) Mes odeLum ARCHENTRON

(8) NOTD-
CHDRD
DORSAL-
Tudime PLATE
6foceP

bud

R u d im u r d -

PTot-

uM
heurotove BASTo VENTAAL
DEL
Ves of 0te gastdug
rudit Osueke
e manubrant Gfi u t Tudimnt

FROG EMeRYD BE FORE HATCHIN Y

o p ee u u m

Motome

MDU4h
U mb buamus

TADPDLE LA RVA 0f fRDG

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ATm Stu d 0f ditteent typos 0 9 (Snailaansophila hio

and mouse)

On he bafs O he amnunt ol Uolk

U
Egas 97Dubed mto 3 t4pe, on the basü o \he amount or
yotk pTeAent n them

Alecihal eq
klhan h egq COmtains no yolk t iscollasl alutha eg 9
e he eutheTfan m0 mmalk

2.Miruolecithal cg0
When thL eag omtains Smaul o negttgfble amount o yolk ,t i.
Said tb_ mícunlecithalRom anod Balinsky namidhise eggs a
otiaoterikhal eags. q Amphfoous unfcai

3. Meknlecitha

an ambhi bfan Diþnn* and PeiOmyzonthe amouni 0 yolk 27eLet

in moderaie and is mot high Hento heke eq ae namd as mAolechal

Macunlecithal or Megalecí iha O olylecthal cog

When a egg Contain lage amoUnt o yolk. t sald to b

macuoleeihal 6T megalecithal egg Jti dUso calladoyledhal eg
e9 Reple Bfds PootouhSita (MonoiTem
ata) egq tding mammab
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Date
Pege:

Dn dhe hasi n olisdibi-tEonoYolk

SSole chal o Homolecithal ogg
9n isbtedha eq95 he veuy (0
He amount of olk_el ent unmly
elistaibuttd throdghout the ooplom
his ebmditfon isusually_obsewed n o q wth Vey He_
amovnt yolk:
e9 Echtnodleuma Ambhfo xus mommalk

Telolecihal egq
Ihe eg9s containing mode adi or loTge quamtty yo
k tk Nhe
,hi
disiiSton of yolk fs not unlfoim. is Canntr afed more
tOwmds he vegetu þole Such a'te of egg in whfeh ho. yolk
is contundTaHed tO waTds one plene s callad telei ulole chagg
BTrds, RebtHle,, FYshe, and muno-AYems

3:Cenianlerithal0
0 many anthobods and 6ome coeleiTatel aui doleuibed as
centioterithal
hay aA elatively lauge and elnngdt and hawe Q veuy qreat
am&urt of yolk Thanuelsu, liu at h qenmeuic cahtd
yolk_ma SUTroUnded by a Small amoUi Cytoplasm A hin
tb lm ye Coveul h Suuat.y a l h
 E Snail

Clea animal
toplaim
GTanulau equatorta
Oplasm

-ueay Vegeta top laum

OTsal 29 9 nosophil
NUeleus
appendlage 8fcoro
YOrsad 0ska

Posteror
Meropye
MammU
Ventr I M A L PoLe
NUCLEUS
U

FoLLICLE cELLS
D
OF DRONA -P1G ME NTE
CToPLASM
RADIATA
NUCLEUS
cYTO PLASM
o
8)
-ZDNE
PE LLUCIDA 00Bo v¬G ETAL PDLE

MIeROPMLE
VITELLNE
- SHELL
VETBuN M6MB&ANE
MEM A LBUMEN
BRANE
- MO LK
SHELL

eHRLA ZA
AtR
SA cE

te) 88 0 Hon