Kavlya Ails Ana

MEDICA , VIRoLOGY
EtITIOn
aus ebligale rlaollcdas pauaseles ,the a
acellulaA mluos copie even Smaller han
,
he
gnallst bateita (micoplasma) a n e a u coake
oReuoe cdweaoe3.
Bauocen (64)gaut La shoct teiufendinm-pe plart vux
Accondeiq him 'vtaues cane subni ooscopee
inde+live Rrdil+s h a t muskyly only hacdledeny
c n d a u Pöterially (atheqeniu"

o Accordna -to Hahon (116),cdefindio tonel s

uatom ae èncdeqz
ophecoly eard 8bligale

ises tas hod LorvLdeud a s Veht cles -ef do-

malin --earinq gehete moleaiaf. n mote

enwa Aemo, the a

Search a couommeepm

'non.
lczas el al Cas6)dened r w es ces,

au nomuo caee

Clllas insedious r e g oobe genomo

Sepeodute bd
ca u l e i r acid-OAo RlA cohich ,

twhieh e cells biogeyvt

iinq cell ,and
ue
n
macheneyl6 dius- Ahe spdhesis ef spe dhaliser

adles (ririon cohueh Asnlaim na aale

and arapthe -eeetentt-lo ala afie
Jhee S ( ueleu
)Thee onlat omly one tybe. of ou.

)They Can seplreale -orly rnide a ting col

oe sblegalepmailes

ENERALHARACTERLSTIC S Vincos

Vfauses caa a iau qroyp SP necdious cagris

hal can oe rdileheruale aomothea Ratoqens
i thu tplore
&oth pocolkarjolz cend eukamyad)
Paepies*
) . h e Vfauses are ultsaiiaescopi pcaliues
The 62e o4 Yreus paieles sanges ylon 18nmto 45o
Ct) Thay a u e hnet m a d Aap e Lells haii scuckue
Compet and Rionnpnmiea
cheriicalo tand e
u The Xehaue lik
wan

Cyatalliseel
I T h e do not hawe celulas Osugamieafono
hy orlaiim nly Che pe a
Nuleie acid,
ether DLA c RrlA b t nver bot
)Thee tau eblgale dndbacelcda pooesles
n e d meucronmoleccdes odsde hehos
(Vu) (hey ene

cells
Kel cand adlive only inocde the hest
io Th e the anEe
and de a i d s S d h e s tard voe depereni

o eplicaloo on the gtntkalie rachune c

host cells
 Thei bone aoutue omsb of a Prralesn
andhueleic aid oo
akod vinoids
hehuletie L a i d w e i h o a
dwehoia
Poslei Coal.

Nauee vaid nag le dnble sGanded Drla o

SCgle 8anded bNn n8inale sbcanged RNA Oadeud
8anced RA.
eand n
)Theg meutiply q a
Oplex proces:

Dna r o .
oi)h au anoded y ariikauterial
rdistis
olecules paeoerl n Vtuus &orace ide
high 8peielg hsal sel
iuuses muleply oem Whemcha
Thhedo nal dvde:Than aeleof multpieecto
ndude
a) afedmerl ovisuso hest cell
6 oriutbuadin by gerztú maderial
rdittoy o vius onponinls hu cel.
)amemly h d Visuoes ano
heleaoe om hooiCell
Ma
lany of the viguoes haue ca uelme elogicD
gualalionthip Arith uan athropod ohn yte
Veete n
chish 7he u deperdent fosthei
coiNpmimon omre
 ORPHOLOGY Of VIPUstS ( "
8hEVimuses aepreoehl a qocq op he Bmeale
insectioeus vagerds hey a tutocumiCreoLop
Tey cone So menutE Aha y can be Viscualised
6niyey an eledzo muounYe The ehaceluloa

eelcoes Paalile csno e oo

e uch
Smalle #han bazleia. hee h a 4terablst?
e alif pen oouph lle had can
eld&ck vaatnca. Thpe-pe hey are cal
khoom Eable Vizuoes. Véecses Vey esdelk
as

n Sge. Tlaqest amora he_eqPoxviawa

Ignmlb A50nm he `nallest
Viruoes _eqlavovM
heasuaìng abotd 2ohm, ane neanty, cas omalc
agest pruoleio meleedes suuch oa hemaeqonin

echrae: bguing Certitwgadios Mefhod Viause

can e Bepr ed.

ouctue ne hoape
Capsidehe Viiono Cemiot oh ro neueleie acied
Copedeol ty a prtalei ceal,e apsid
*
he Capsi4 Asëts e endoees nucleie a c
ceccapeid e nzlinoo
Capsd padleuhe nulei tacd suom
intaialioo b nulens .and shu celek ferios
RLeh CpSd is made to Ce laforlica|
blocks ealled Copsome ctemicas
carut al-Re
8 T Emme
mopcedes Cunared
Capsid vau
Polappide aLoah
Toccalytoo an hhnanoBrable Shell
Shell
-oo
mpendaable
Sqmelaicallu pam an
h e ruelece a c i d CoRL

ecekends of mhelay aue encocwlered i t t e

Cpsid
cosaheca(cubico): e Capids re cuonges
l Verliues
n a
lCosahedaun.is a fPdlygon wito
Coeners and 2o ruels asidesasb aai
s n he hape aan cilaferal Ttangle
apsiels a u made p of tuso pes alcapomets
The aeG) Pnagona! Capnoers atthe Velkies
Cuhexcgona Capsonners akerg cpes
Dag assembly ohe Virus,he niucleie cacid
Daked ino #he enhe ok lcssahedaoo -terng
aneleocapsid. heee aae alenys ispertons br
he number heror Yaies col he yteus
O eaPoiiovieus hao
3Capsomeres cobeLea
ann adenolauo haue ca Capst Cefo as.

ApeGImes
oteres eprcocisiebieeto CeFos
 ) e c a l Copids Te les bekcal caf
DOo Sappd capsorper3 bese Deoembles
nueeiu nauds oue ace
( )he Cpsorne helieal
helical ae Splord cocud
-ebe. he
Teahe to fo a
aapsis onfueneed b botsts
81ae o-e helica
and #he
hueleie.
adLd eneloe coch
ohaæs

e_cabs.d etbe. may be igidaso caoe

tbe Cen mo&ane VacO BTt he Cabe o1

canima Vauoeo, Hhe tbulon hueleocap6td

p l i a b l e cand may be eoded n itelf
he leth helua capao o delegmined b y e

huceis acid
-
eceoe he Capsid does nat ertand
Wa. -
end h e end af-ha n 4 or

elewcapsids onalce heliea

Yre uase Veny
9ugid ard idly wound -rdo ua
linden
hadatage. eg TMVateks tobacoleaves
a n gehem amoHfed atpeaierne. Ontheothe
hane envelea helten hweleocapsids aie moxe
leoeble and lay- be aroanqed ao aloase
helve coel heeWelop e a Infuenaa
easles and *abie
Vbue

3 plex Capsila - he eelestial Vauoeo Lae-he

m e enplex .Th
heoe Cemplex Y\eces have capsia

Smdey le nicbrg derady auhecoal nvorhatcal

afes Sbaeires
P talio ard
e mayhave.amtlh
 mat
t lajene all Sporendinge h e
oxVecLoes &ueh a Vaceinia
Yoal d p e s Mne anima Yue Eomepls
Vieuoes uand allea- ateial Voes uane

membpaneuo beencalle
Escunded b a $de
0,
a envelope. Velpe uouall aces o the
hegt Cell ruueea oa plooma embaanes
elons hra be : reloped o
DNon-envelopedbaka).
The nvelop Os o l e Colorrg o derived toom the
hes cal oembaane cohen UhePaoqen Veuw
eelenced bddinhg Tec eenlan pdand
hade
Caohydoales afe hes! cel.Te èdelop
pbpdeio
,
pids aae hot cl encoded cohle-be
Pei one. Mcus encoded. Postems
teos
ca
lac betocen the aNelope tene capscd ef he
oces. Sonae o e eueino ersopoteins
ped s e euoide e anepe. f hen-
a ycesq Ted Pooeio, h a m poblesis oahahsy
e e u n d - 6 e t h r e r delaee l t

velep eand help clallseE. "eteseinsse

sechng 86tkes eh e áetace oftthe envolope.
hese Speetpes ase Called aploceas
n l u e n a Maus aoraws tuoo kszds of
plees3- 4i hem R2ttnio cohicle o caat
ke aihesangnAs chici a mdo0 dho-
AAn
 aped Suztrae: NdPConer eherc
)AHlgenti a r d o l o g i c a sdogtca Poalês-, Vauoe
Toveloned Vocoes
ane.6uaeplibeto He adiin
ard belesalt
p Soerls hre e t o , Cilcooto
s Tativety cetods ao

Seche hecdbeliaalio
S a c e aGens.
I
de
anllreist6
aaamenHto
boelcoll O
&uhas
oofesies orsThe e v e l Sane
deperd
her , Ahen aTtes e
h e m a g g l a t e n a l t o o

essessddzhonal
t e Kesltces o adeho acoss Pratcles.

hate- Vésies among dfesl goocp ofVases,

ost tmal Viaues8 ae Pughlsphesca

azefooreglas and
Heomeoo
8ra
eases-buleslhaped
ebocias- <clanoenleus
Poxvaunes- bsct shafed
fMy bddased.
Cheracalocteole
Nudele auds- cortaio cnly ene tabe op a
eethes NA ANA beveo b r s h h o eebeo ss

ne unigque ard gerz Prf fio

Blel, Ceded ay f&.
shase bea coto akopris
andand e Caoe k
 -ded h ()
d e d hudeia capmbe -ys ~nde
onduced erts hos| cala
inecliow Avhen
taleo->Vouoe a l ciniaio Padeio cchibma
aoo deleemies
cep dhe Cafëid fac ederns

e anlgoreaky Specai aeco

hest cell herbeane
olipids-desado h
Smad amoiris
eaobohydolag n
oheos

RGLsTACE
oempoedtoe heal labile ,can berazlacta
aoehi Secchds al s65 HEaes cd 3°Cand4

qs t f°c. he aoreable at lo lEmpeako

longro &toneqe-aHoC
be mathed -yophiltsalcio otae tsig
p t eeafely ei sesiotarreto asdtte.
leoD Viacuces eutard To aide pt.
ashde ehinoviauco ane Veag 8uscepTHe 4 .

Ylaues a n e dipled, ender akatne cordshor

adtaltors necte tialed bgp Sulaht, oags
and lonSngadialiono

DERnedasta. mode edotani han aeleote. bezas

e laet enauhes. Pepoli
tey edsts
Oriy
Ordy eh Vaicea. olas
Corxe5balrs
 OagannU oe nteur
3blesraltov afGrtn ebales
eomalhehle. aral bela paapefene..
OVenabv»enveleed Yo
to Sedons

T8ersts Svaletad vavtlhsnil

n he hata Vlaue orverind loGl

ne chldcaloy o(Viaee
Antebeoli altve aqaiwbadealn on
ne Cohplefe tneffertJo agatisl vlaue

ATOREe of ERE NCMATeRLA,

NLdei ageds
he qeneinfoomallo» olivh cdsa
Caoied by nuclei atls CtniDyR)an
Caoiedb
cellB,a (ive, he
Vrausey , h i d , ajo hecey

Ahey to :nulers
Viusetoe lebi. casel, ne poel

ro oS6Cbe nce eid

 (D Single iunded vNh (GsDnla))
)toble spandas DAh Ccts Dria)
Snale spande tN C&sRNA
(ty dote Spanded RN cskna)
All -purapes ae pcudn ofimol Veuoes.
hag
Phages mag hate Strale spandad Dla coNA
ashexec icdesto phae Laaly colaio toube
endedK Te Sae ol gerceoSra
a a e s som tgenes n bapatis b Vecusto
hundents ol geres n So hedpes Miaus.
m e s Dh Vauoes, cs onls tegealaie
bee hag elecia o lambda phaqe/Ctaulas
as cMV. BeRdes heomal nuclestieles > Sme
u s a bees ase aoo-oud ThMacs D5
e n phageg EcelP

he 68ty o N Vaoes aaimSIngle

&panda
mkNa and fE
Pdentecato haf of veal
R NA SpaA % Called the dus
o
Paclcage
Peste Stoet. he Yaa RNqeror
a
hae a cquace Coplmentroq totkad qp
oau
thed-ca
Viel kNa ahd
n u u s pand o bgalue
Spasd.
nmes ese, RNa genenes ade.SADerli
teyecy aae iMided h o Sepaae Paas cva
Pus cbuod Dns e a n doed-
brte sIS
korrdiafal a{ teo eaes nq -e aolfis.
 Refocovioeso3sezmaly.

S z e a f e Veal enba qc+le Sal e

H6 Hrf of best cell aafes n4gepesT
healetesb yousto o o s o f GeresPosohe hep2s

Vious. n oher dsthe Salest aal

geromes aee No0" afornsulaoge enough to
Ceode -too &t64 Poskns
C Case of - e ven Daeteaiophages have
e c e s of
l.o *o -6xloSa Hos admac
be Cade t
loo taolens

Dfoeaoes u e d be Meuoes
D1sea0e
D leapes Kplex tsSojaelesions fl
3aae
Ecphalitrs.
t )

l e s i o n n oacaes CN:
Polto
Polto V[aus k e l i o CPdiayelitis).

3Adenovtau eyeinleclion Jeretltharl afed

ckoira daz rlediip

Dahtes alal ence|phalitrs

Vacella Ras, shigles, etarc
Rhinoiaus celds
Conaviaw celds
8 Perbella Vaes Midoas) s e e
eeoel ogicaj
voverenlin fes imestes
etus
Achenovus
fluh 2
 Yaalionst luelic acibla) (/3)

epe o NA kxample

n Seaded
Srae LA eaa sievband -taovoviaus
sDNA Crcula Stngleshord
DsbleSaned | Seardebe shadHapes Viaus
Sphaqes
DNA Cs DNA)
eckroYIOLS,
colphaoes
on phaces
ophage
Lnear ts
he chen
cs baea
ksiT5coiphaqe
TebleStaeedes Yacsnla
Dss ivdeededs
cloe qocalasds |PelyeR ,SLfo.
au lHecoeo
Nesai c 1 u
CHV)
Sale Coank eaSpgle stocrded Poiovias toae
Phaqe HV2
Phgst Mauses
nean e deryleaatsuBues
alvespart abies Vus)
(hu Meaxk
 hAaecostale
oandeelel rero
Maus
Posi (ve ben

e c slestade
Sgoned,Aplerd
Deloyues
CQous Spcona
Vipus
ldtcelshard)
Pesitive Spe

erSraleaared faajroVare
egededgatve
Soand
le ieeo)ctocdespanded
SdeCeqrpied
NA Pasts CpVo
Gs2 nsezt Prage
anmyore
 S)
C waS Oagnalle, pecalstshe iaiMS

had onl 8ccefeoel c e i ocleins ard

lacte ases Receslly a ber ofenped
assoceaed eme havebeen elrscokere,
Pes Pene colq P velbied alnal YiocuDed
May e ese ovsh Dueke acidl?

and aormes aM ANh 4epadest- RNA po l y e e e

hat l s u n kaln bencoiptae r d SHVene
Athegh Veenes kekrhue halabolis d a a
eodue lepedostly, ofF req cels, e y 4
Caooy ne co h e troes he
oplalton athe lFe ycles.
vieoesontin NAdep-rde a
erA pdpeoa
theioe saply mRLAs . ae Sade
PNe Voees
except oetooiecoes)ehlain a
Voaeplrcae ha Cohveo Ss Rabtha_doble
parded PN. Goioueo centam
Rrla Rp-ad
a perdent- taNa piy
Pansopa